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"Latar Belakang: Harapan hidup pasien thalasemia bergantung transfusi bertambah baik karena transfusi darah dan terapi kelasi besi yang sesuai. Penyakit jantung akibat toksisitas besi tetap menjadi penyebab utama kematian pada pasien thalasemia bergantung transfusi. MRI T2* jantung dapat mendeteksi dini toksisitas besi di jantung dan dapat mengevaluasi hasil pengobatan dengan membandingkan nilai T2* pra dan pasca terapi kelasi besi.Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan profil perbaikan toksisitas besi di jantung pada pasien thalasemia dewasa bergantung transfusi. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat kesesuaian antara perbaikan nilai T2* jantung dengan perbaikan feritin serum dan saturasi transferin.Metode Penelitian: pre and post test dengan data sekunder retrospektif pada pasien dewasa thalasemia bergantung transfusi yang kontrol di poliklinik thalasemia Kiara dan poliklinik dewasa hematologi-onkologi medik RSUPN Cipto Mangukusumo. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli-Desember 2019. Data sekunder diperoleh dari rekam medis dan registri pasien thalasemia berupa riwayat medis, jenis obat kelasi besi, nilai T2* jantung satu tahun berturut-turut, kadar feritin serum dan saturasi transferin. Analisis data berupa data deskriptif dan uji marginal homogeneity serta uji kappa.Hasil: Sebanyak 115 pasien dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Terdapat perbaikan T2* jantung sebanyak 7,0% dan menetap baik (T2* jantung tetap >20 milidetik) sebanyak 72,2%. Tidak terdapat kesesuaian antara perbaikan nilai T2* jantung dengan perbaikan feritin serum (nilai kappa = 0,044) dan perbaikan nilai T2* jantung dengan saturasi transferin ( nilai kappa = 0,011).Simpulan: Perbaikan toksisitas besi di jantung pasca terapi kelasi besi sebanyak 7,0% dan menetap baik sebanyak 72,2%. Tidak terdapat kesesuaian antara perbaikan nilai T2* jantung dengan perbaikan kadar feritin serum dan saturasi transferin.

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Background: Life expectancy of the transfusion dependent thalassemia patients is getting better because of blood transfusion and appropriate iron chelation therapy. Heart disease due to iron toxicity remains the leading cause of death in thalassemia patients who need transfusion. MRI T2* can allow to detect premature iron toxicity in the heart and can evaluate the results by comparing myocardial T2* pre and post iron chelation therapy.Objectives: This study aims to obtain a profile of improvement in cardiac iron toxicity in adult thalassemia patients who need transfusion. This study also supports to see aggrement between improvement in myocardial T2* with improved serum ferritin level and transferrin saturation.Methods: pre and post test with retrospective secondary data in adult thalassemia patients requiring controlled transfusions in Kiara thalassemia clinic and hematology-medical oncology clinic Cipto Mangukusumo General Hospital. The study was conducted in July-Desember 2019. Data were obtained from medical records and thalassemia registry, which consisted of medical history, type of chelation, myocardial T2* within one year, serum ferritin level and transferrin saturation. Data analysis was performed in descriptive data and marginal homogeneity test and Kappa test.Results: A total of 115 patients were included in this study. There was an improvement of a myocardial T2* in 7.0% patients and persistently good (myocardial T2* remains >20 milliseconds) in 72.2%. There was no agreement between improvement in myocardial T2* with improvement in serum ferritin level (kappa value 0.044) and improvement in myocardial T2* with transferrin saturation (kappa value 0.011).Conclusion: Improvement of cardiac iron toxicity after iron chelation therapy was 7.0% and persistently good in 72.2%. There was no agreement between the improvement in myocardial T2* with improvement in serum ferritin level and transferrin saturation."

"Latar Belakang: Harapan hidup pasien thalasemia bergantung transfusi bertambah baik karena transfusi darah dan terapi kelasi besi yang sesuai. Penyakit jantung akibat toksisitas besi tetap menjadi penyebab utama kematian pada pasien thalasemia bergantung transfusi. MRI T2* jantung dapat mendeteksi dini toksisitas besi di jantung dan dapat mengevaluasi hasil pengobatan dengan membandingkan nilai T2* pra dan pasca terapi kelasi besi.Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan profil perbaikan toksisitas besi di jantung pada pasien thalasemia dewasa bergantung transfusi. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk melihat kesesuaian antara perbaikan nilai T2* jantung dengan perbaikan feritin serum dan saturasi transferin.Metode Penelitian: pre and post test dengan data sekunder retrospektif pada pasien dewasa thalasemia bergantung transfusi yang kontrol di poliklinik thalasemia Kiara dan poliklinik dewasa hematologi-onkologi medik RSUPN Cipto Mangukusumo. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli-Desember 2019. Data sekunder diperoleh dari rekam medis dan registri pasien thalasemia berupa riwayat medis, jenis obat kelasi besi, nilai T2* jantung satu tahun berturut-turut, kadar feritin serum dan saturasi transferin. Analisis data berupa data deskriptif dan uji marginal homogeneity serta uji kappa.Hasil: Sebanyak 115 pasien dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Terdapat perbaikan T2* jantung sebanyak 7,0% dan menetap baik (T2* jantung tetap >20 milidetik) sebanyak 72,2%. Tidak terdapat kesesuaian antara perbaikan nilai T2* jantung dengan perbaikan feritin serum (nilai kappa = 0,044) dan perbaikan nilai T2* jantung dengan saturasi transferin ( nilai kappa = 0,011).Simpulan: Perbaikan toksisitas besi di jantung pasca terapi kelasi besi sebanyak 7,0% dan menetap baik sebanyak 72,2%. Tidak terdapat kesesuaian antara perbaikan nilai T2* jantung dengan perbaikan kadar feritin serum dan saturasi transferin.

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Background: Life expectancy of the transfusion dependent thalassemia patients is getting better because of blood transfusion and appropriate iron chelation therapy. Heart disease due to iron toxicity remains the leading cause of death in thalassemia patients who need transfusion. MRI T2* can allow to detect premature iron toxicity in the heart and can evaluate the results by comparing myocardial T2* pre and post iron chelation therapy.Objectives: This study aims to obtain a profile of improvement in cardiac iron toxicity in adult thalassemia patients who need transfusion. This study also supports to see aggrement between improvement in myocardial T2* with improved serum ferritin level and transferrin saturation.Methods: pre and post test with retrospective secondary data in adult thalassemia patients requiring controlled transfusions in Kiara thalassemia clinic and hematology-medical oncology clinic Cipto Mangukusumo General Hospital. The study was conducted in July-Desember 2019. Data were obtained from medical records and thalassemia registry, which consisted of medical history, type of chelation, myocardial T2* within one year, serum ferritin level and transferrin saturation. Data analysis was performed in descriptive data and marginal homogeneity test and Kappa test.Results: A total of 115 patients were included in this study. There was an improvement of a myocardial T2* in 7.0% patients and persistently good (myocardial T2* remains >20 milliseconds) in 72.2%. There was no agreement between improvement in myocardial T2* with improvement in serum ferritin level (kappa value 0.044) and improvement in myocardial T2* with transferrin saturation (kappa value 0.011).Conclusion: Improvement of cardiac iron toxicity after iron chelation therapy was 7.0% and persistently good in 72.2%. There was no agreement between the improvement in myocardial T2* with improvement in serum ferritin level and transferrin saturation."

"Pendahuluan: Beta thalassemia mayor (BTM) merupakan kelainan sintesis rantai beta globin yang menyebabkan penderitanya harus menjalani transfusi berulang untuk mempertahankan kadar hemoglobin. Hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan hemokromatosis di berbagai organ yang dapat menyebabkan komplikasi, termasuk diabetes melitus (DM). Terapi kelasi besi ditujukan untuk mengurangi hemokromatosis dan mencegah komplikasi, namun seringkali penderita tidak patuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat kepatuhan terapi kelasi terhadap kejadian DM pada pasien BTM. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong-lintang. Tingkat kepatuhan terapi kelasi ditentukan menggunakan Morisky Medication Adherence Scale – 8 (MMAS-8), sementara data pemeriksaan laboratorium terkait DM (kadar glukosa darah sewaktu, puasa, dan 2 jam postprandial) didapatkan dari rekam medis. Subjek penelitian adalah penderita BTM di Pusat Kesehatan Ibu & Anak (PKIA) Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Kiara yang bersedia mengisi kuesioner dan memiliki data pemeriksaan laboratorium terkait. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Uji One- Way ANOVA dan Uji T Tidak Berpasangan. Hasil: Dari 50 penderita BTM yang menjadi subjek penelitian, sebagian besar (74%) memiliki tingkat kepatuhan terapi kelasi yang rendah. Ditemukan 1 (2%) subjek yang memiliki kondisi prediabetes. Tidak ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat kepatuhan terapi kelasi terhadap kadar glukosa darah sewaktu (p = 0,843, n = 35), kadar glukosa darah puasa (p = 0,776, n = 17), maupun kadar glukosa darah 2 jam postprandial (p = 0,863, n = 17). Kesimpulan: Tingkat kepatuhan terapi kelasi tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian DM yang ditentukan melalui kadar glukosa darah sewaktu, puasa, dan 2 jam postprandial

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Introduction: Beta thalassemia major (BTM) is a disorder of beta globin chain synthesis that causes sufferers to undergo repeated transfusions to maintain hemoglobin levels. This can cause hemochromatosis, and in various organs can cause complications, including diabetes melitus (DM). Iron chelation therapy is intended to reduce hemochromatosis and prevent complications, but often sufferers do not comply. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of the level of adherence of chelation therapy to the occurence of DM in BTM patients. Method: This research is a cross-sectional study. The level of chelation therapy adherence was determined using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale - 8 (MMAS-8), while laboratory examination data related to DM (random, fasting, and two hours post-prandial plasma glucose level) were obtained from medical records. The subjects were BTM sufferers at the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM) Kiara Hospital who were willing to fill out questionnaires and have relevant laboratory examination data. Data analysis was performed with One-Way ANOVA and Independent T-Test. Results: From BTM sufferers who were the subjects of the study, the majority (74%) had a low level of chelation therapy adherence. One (2%) subject were found to have prediabetes. No significant relationship was found between the level of chelation therapy adherence to random blood glucose levels (p = 0.843, n = 35), fasting blood glucose levels (p = 0.776, n = 17), and 2 hours post-prandial blood glucose levels (p = 0.863 , n = 17). Conclusion: The level of chelation therapy adherence is not related to the occurence of DM which is determined through random, fasting, and two hours post- prandial plasma glucose level."

"Latar belakang: Pasien Talasemia Mayor (TM) anak menderita defisiensi nutrisi karena asupan nutrisi yang tidak mencukupi. Penghindaran makanan kaya zat besi seringkali bersamaan dengan pembatasan asupan protein. Asupan mikronutrien termasuk magnesium lebih rendah dibandingkan anak normal. Fungsi otot lebih awal terganggu akibat defisiensi nutrisi daripada massa otot. Penilaian massa otot dan Hand Grip Strength (HGS) menjadi penting untuk mengevaluasi status gizi. Hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian di Indonesia yang mengevaluasi hubungan antara HGS dengan asupan kalori, protein dan magnesium, LILA dan massa otot pasien anak TM.Metode: Penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang melibatkan 70 pasien TM anak, berusia 6-18 tahun di Pusat Talasemia RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Status gizi dievaluasi disertai pengukuran lingkar lengan atas (LILA). Asupan kalori, protein dan magnesium diperoleh melalui metode analisis diet semi-kuantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) dan Magnesium FFQ (MgFFQ). Kadar Mg serum dinilai dengan menggunakan metode enzimatik-kalorimetri. Massa otot diukur menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) dan HGS dinilai menggunakan Dinamometer tangan JamarHasil: Status gizi berdasarkan LILA/U sebagian besar berstatus gizi baik 42,9% dan malnutrisi 57,1% yakni gizi kurang (30,0%), gizi buruk (25,7%), dan obesitas (1,4%). Rerata kecukupan energi pada anak TM lelaki 100% (SB 17), sedangkan anak perempuan sebesar 112% (SB 27). Rerata asupan protein dan magnesium pada kedua kelompok lebih tinggi dibanding kebutuhan AKG. HGS berkorelasi kuat dengan massa otot (r=0,82), berkorelasi sedang dengan LILA (r=0,60), dan berkorelasi lemah dengan asupan kalori (r=-0,27), protein (r=-0,33) dan magnesium (r=-0,23), serta kadar magnesium (r=0,26). Hipermagnesemia dijumpai pada 23% subyek penelitian. Simpulan: Lebih dari separuh anak Talasemia mengalami malnutrisi walaupun asupan cukup. HGS berkorelasi dengan asupan nutrisi, LILA, dan massa otot.

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Background: Pediatric Thalassemia Major (TM) patients suffer from nutritional deficiencies due to insufficient nutritional intake. Avoidance of iron-rich foods often coincides with limiting protein intake. Micronutrient intake including magnesium is lower than in normal children. Muscle function is impaired earlier due to nutritional deficiencies than muscle mass. Assessment of muscle mass and Hand Grip Strength (HGS) is important for evaluating nutritional status. Until now there has been no research in Indonesia that evaluates the relationship between HGS and calorie, protein, and magnesium intake, LILA, and muscle mass in pediatric TM patients.

Methods: This research with a cross-sectional study design involved 70 pediatric TM patients, aged 6-18 years at the Thalassemia Center of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Nutritional status is evaluated by measurement of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Calorie, protein, and magnesium intake was obtained through semi- quantitative dietary analysis methods Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) and Magnesium FFQ (MgFFQ). Serum Mg levels were assessed using the enzymatic calorimetric method. Muscle mass was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and HGS was assessed using a Jamar hand dynamometer.

Results: Nutritional status based on LILA/U was mostly good nutritional status 42.9% and malnutrition 57.1%, namely undernutrition (30.0%), poor nutrition (25.7%), and obesity (1.4%). The average energy adequacy for TM boys is 100% (SD 17), while for girls it is 112% (SD 27). The average intake of protein and magnesium in both groups was higher than the RDA requirements. HGS is strongly correlated with muscle mass (r=0.82), moderately correlated with LILA (r=0.60), and weakly correlated with calorie intake (r=-0.27), protein (r=-0.33), and magnesium (r=-0.23), as well as magnesium levels (r=0.26). Hypermagnesemia was found in 23% of study subjects.

Conclusion: More than half of Thalassemia children experience malnutrition despite adequate intake. HGS correlates with nutritional intake, MUAC, and muscle mass."

"Latar belakang: Pasien Talasemia Mayor (TM) anak menderita defisiensi nutrisi karena asupan nutrisi yang tidak mencukupi. Penghindaran makanan kaya zat besi seringkali bersamaan dengan pembatasan asupan protein. Asupan mikronutrien termasuk magnesium lebih rendah dibandingkan anak normal. Fungsi otot lebih awal terganggu akibat defisiensi nutrisi daripada massa otot. Penilaian massa otot dan Hand Grip Strength (HGS) menjadi penting untuk mengevaluasi status gizi. Hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian di Indonesia yang mengevaluasi hubungan antara HGS dengan asupan kalori, protein dan magnesium, LILA dan massa otot pasien anak TM.Metode: Penelitian dengan desain studi potong lintang melibatkan 70 pasien TM anak, berusia 6-18 tahun di Pusat Talasemia RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Status gizi dievaluasi disertai pengukuran lingkar lengan atas (LILA). Asupan kalori, protein dan magnesium diperoleh melalui metode analisis diet semi-kuantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) dan Magnesium FFQ (MgFFQ). Kadar Mg serum dinilai dengan menggunakan metode enzimatik-kalorimetri. Massa otot diukur menggunakan Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) dan HGS dinilai menggunakan Dinamometer tangan Jamar.Hasil: Status gizi berdasarkan LILA/U sebagian besar berstatus gizi baik 42,9% dan malnutrisi 57,1% yakni gizi kurang (30,0%), gizi buruk (25,7%), dan obesitas (1,4%). Rerata kecukupan energi pada anak TM lelaki 100% (SB 17), sedangkan anak perempuan sebesar 112% (SB 27). Rerata asupan protein dan magnesium pada kedua kelompok lebih tinggi dibanding kebutuhan AKG. HGS berkorelasi kuat dengan massa otot (r=0,82), berkorelasi sedang dengan LILA (r=0,60), dan berkorelasi lemah dengan asupan kalori (r=-0,27), protein (r=-0,33) dan magnesium (r=-0,23), serta kadar magnesium (r=0,26). Hipermagnesemia dijumpai pada 23% subyek penelitian. Simpulan: Lebih dari separuh anak Talasemia mengalami malnutrisi walaupun asupan cukup. HGS berkorelasi dengan asupan nutrisi, LILA, dan massa otot.

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Background: Pediatric Thalassemia Major (TM) patients suffer from nutritional deficiencies due to insufficient nutritional intake. Avoidance of iron-rich foods often coincides with limiting protein intake. Micronutrient intake including magnesium is lower than in normal children. Muscle function is impaired earlier due to nutritional deficiencies than muscle mass. Assessment of muscle mass and Hand Grip Strength (HGS) is important for evaluating nutritional status. Until now there has been no research in Indonesia that evaluates the relationship between HGS and calorie, protein, and magnesium intake, LILA, and muscle mass in pediatric TM patients.

Methods: This research with a cross-sectional study design involved 70 pediatric TM patients, aged 6-18 years at the Thalassemia Center of RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Nutritional status is evaluated by measurement of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Calorie, protein, and magnesium intake was obtained through semi- quantitative dietary analysis methods Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) and Magnesium FFQ (MgFFQ). Serum Mg levels were assessed using the enzymatic calorimetric method. Muscle mass was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and HGS was assessed using a Jamar hand dynamometer.

Results: Nutritional status based on LILA/U was mostly good nutritional status 42.9% and malnutrition 57.1%, namely undernutrition (30.0%), poor nutrition (25.7%), and obesity (1.4%). The average energy adequacy for TM boys is 100% (SD 17), while for girls it is 112% (SD 27). The average intake of protein and magnesium in both groups was higher than the RDA requirements. HGS is strongly correlated with muscle mass (r=0.82), moderately correlated with LILA (r=0.60), and weakly correlated with calorie intake (r=-0.27), protein (r=-0.33), and magnesium (r=-0.23), as well as magnesium levels (r=0.26). Hypermagnesemia was found in 23% of study subjects.

Conclusion: More than half of Thalassemia children experience malnutrition despite adequate intake. HGS correlates with nutritional intake, MUAC, and muscle mass."

"Latar Belakang: Pencapaian target transfusi darah pada pasien thalassemia beta bergantung transfusi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor diantaranya adalah genotip, hipersplenisme, kompatibilitas darah, kecukupan darah donor dan interval transfusi. Ukuran limpa dapat dijadikan salah satu indikator keberhasilan pencapaian target transfusi darah selain kadar hemoglobin.Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi pasien yang mencapai target optimal kadar hemoglobin pra dan pascatransfusi, menentukan faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan pencapaian target kadar hemoglobin pra dan pascatransfusi dan menilai hubungan antara pencapaian target kadar hemoglobin pra dan pascatransfusi dengan ukuran limpa pada pasien dewasa thalassemia beta bergantung transfusi.Metode: Penelitian cohort retrospective dengan pengambilan 200 subjek secara total sampling pada pasien dewasa rawat jalan Poliklinik thalassemia Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Data dianalisis dari 110 subjek berupa anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis dan laboratorium.Hasil: Sebanyak 200 pasien thalassemia beta bergantung transfusi yang rutin kontrol ke poliklinik thalassemia Kiara RSCM, diikuti secara kohort sejak bulan Juni 2017 sampai Juni 2018. 110 subjek penelitian memenuhi kriteria inklusi diantaranya subjek thalassemia beta mayor 53 (48,2%) dan beta HbE bergantung transfusi 57 (51,8%). Proporsi subjek yang mencapai target kadar Hb pratransfusi yaitu 18 (16,4%) dan 22 (20,0%) subjek yang mencapai target Hb pasca. Sebanyak 8 (7,3%) subjek mencapai target kadar Hb pra dan pascatransfusi darah. Faktor kecukupan darah donor berhubungan dengan pencapaian target kadar Hb pra dan pascatransfusi (p=0,008) yaitu subjek yang hanya memiliki selisih permintaan darah < 30ml/KgBB/tahun. Pada 93 subjek penelitian tahap 2, didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok yang tercapai kadar Hb pra dan pascatransfusi darah dengan yang tidak tercapai terhadap delta ukuran limpa (p <0,001).Simpulan: Faktor kecukupan darah donor berhubungan dengan pencapaian target kadar hemoglobin pra dan pascatransfusi. Pencapaian target kadar hemoglobin pra dan pascatransfusi berhubungan dengan ukuran limpa.

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Background: Achieving the target of blood transfusion in transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia patients is influenced by various factors including genotype, hypersplenism, blood compatibility, donor blood adequacy and transfusion interval. The size of the spleen can be one indicator of the success of achieving blood transfusion targets in addition to hemoglobin levels.

Objective: Determine the proportion of patients who achieve the optimal target hemoglobin level pre and post transfusion, determine the factors that are related to achieving pre and post transfusion hemoglobin levels and assess the relationship between achieving pre and post transfusion hemoglobin levels with spleen size in adult beta thalassemia transfusion dependent patients.

Methods: A cohort retrospective study, with total sampling of 200 adult thalassemia transfusion dependent patient at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Data taken from 110 eligible subject in the form of medical history, physical examination and laboratory.

Result: 200 transfusion-dependent beta thalassemia patients who routinely visit the RSCM thalassemia Kiara polyclinic, followed in cohort from June 2017 to June 2018. 110 study subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria including 53 (48.2%) major beta thalassemia subjects and transfusion-dependent HbE beta 57 (51.8%). The proportion of subjects who achieved pre-transfusion Hb target levels was 18 (16.4%) and 22 (20.0%) subjects who achieved the post Hb target. A total of 8 (7.3%) subjects achieved pre and post transfusion Hb levels. The donor blood adequacy factor is related to the achievement of pre and post transfusion Hb target levels (p = 0.008), namely subjects who only have a blood demand difference of <30ml/KgBB/year. In 93 research subjects, there was a significant difference between groups who achieved pre and post-transfusion Hb levels with those that were not reached against the delta of spleen size (p <0.001).

Conclusion: Adequacy factor of donors blood is related to achieving target pre and post transfusion hemoglobin levels. The achievement of the target pre and post transfusion hemoglobin levels is related to the size of the spleen."

"Latar Belakang: Transfusi darah dan kelasi besi merupakan terapi utama thalasemia khususnya pada thalassemia beta mayor yang bergantung transfusi. Harapan hidup dan prognosis pada pasien pasien tersebut telah bertambah baik dalam beberapa dekade terakhir. Namun demikian gangguan pada jantung masih merupakan penyebab mortalitas utama pada pasien thalassemia beta mayor bergantung transfusi. Toksisitas besi pada jantung merupakan penyebab utama kelainan jantung pada pasien-pasien tersebut. Modalitas utama untuk deteksi toksisitas besi pada jantung adalah dengan MRIT2 yang kesediaannya terbatas.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan profil toksisitas besi pada jantung penderita thalassemia beta bergantung transfusi. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan melihat korelasi antara toksisitas besi dengan fungsi sistolik jantung, fungsi diastolik jantung dan kadar NTproBNP. Selain itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi muatan besi dengan toksisitas besi pada jantung, fungsi sistolik jantung, fungsi diastolik jantung dan kadar NTproBNP.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada penderita dewasa dengan thalassemia beta mayor yang bergantung transfusi di Poliklinik Thalasemia Dewasa RSCM Jakarta pada bulan Desember 2017. Data sekunder diperoleh dari rekam medik pasien berupa riwayat medis, hasil lab, hasil pemerikssan MRI T2 dan ekokardiografi. Dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik dan pengambilan darah untuk pemeriksaan NTproBNP. Analisis data berupa data deskriptif dan uji korelasi dengan uji Pearson dan Spearman.Hasil: Sebanyak 62 orang pasien dilibatkan dalam studi. Median untuk T2 jantung adalah 24,96 ms. Terdapat 27,4 pasien dengan hemosiderosis jantung yang ringan-sedang dan 11,3 dengan hemosiderosis jantung yang berat. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara toksisitas besi pada jantung dengan fraksi ejeksi, ratio E/A maupun kadar NTproBNP. Terdapat korelasi lemah antara ferritin serum dan toksisitas besi pada jantung r=-0,312, p=0,007. Terdapat korelasi lemah antara ferritin serum dan fraksi ejeksi r=-0,281, p=0,013.Simpulan: Toksisitas besi pada jantung ditemukan pada 38,7 penderita dewasa dengan thalassemia beta bergantung transfusi. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara toksisitas besi pada jantung dengan fungsi sistolik, fungsi diastolik mauapun kadar NTproBNP pada penderita dewasa dengan thalssemia beta bergantung transfusi. Terdapat korelasi lemah antara ferritin serum dengan toksisitas besi pada jantung dan fungsi sitolik jantung. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara muatan besi dengan NTproBNP.

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Background Regular blood transfusions and chelation are the mainstay of treatment in TDT patients. This has improved the survival and prognosis of the patients. Cardiac complications still remain to be the main cause of mortality. Cardiac iron toxicity is the main cause of complications leading to cardiac failure. MRI T2 is the gold standard for diagnosing cardiac iron toxicity, however this facility is limited in Indonesia.Objective.This study aimed to get a profile of the cardiac iron toxicity in adult TDT beta major patients to obtain a correlation of cardiac iron toxicity with cardiac function and NTproBNP levels and to evaluate if there is any correlation between iron overload with cardiac iron toxicity, cardiac function and NTproBNP levels.Methods Cross sectional study was done which included thalassemia beta major transfusion dependent patients from the adult thalassemia policlinic of RSCM hospital during desember 2017. Data was obtained from the medical records including history, laboratory results and results of MRIT2 and echocardiography. Physical examination was done and blood drawn for NTproBNP estimation. Data was analysed for descriptive data and correlation tests using pearsons or spearman rsquo s test.Results 62 patients were included in the study. Median cardiac T2 was 24.96 ms. 27.4 patients had mild moderate cardiac hemosiderosis and 11.3 had severe cardiac siderosis. There was no correlation between cardiac iron toxicity and ejection fraction, E A ratio and NTproBNP levels. There was a weak correlation between ferritin levels and cardiac toxicity r 0,312, p 0,007 as well as with ejection fraction r 0,281, p 0,013. There was no correlation between ferritin levels and E A or NTproBNP. There was no correlation between transferrin saturation levels with cardiac iron toxicity, ejection fraction, E A ratio as well as NTproBNPConclusion Cardiac iron toxicity was seen in 38,7 of TDT patients in this study. There was no correlation between cardiac toxicity and cardiac functions as well as NTproBNP levels. There was a weak correaltion between ferritin levels with cardiac toxicity and systolic function but no correlation with diastolic function. There was no correlation between transferrin saturation levels with cardiac toxicity, systolic function, diatolic function as well NtproBNP levels."

"Pendahuluan : Muatan besi berlebih merupakan masalah utama pada pasien thalassemia beta bergantung transfusi karena menyebabkan toksisitas pada jaringan atau organ. Laporan mengenai korelasi antara muatan besi berlebih dengan fungsi endokrin pada pasien dewasa TDT beta yang mengalami retardasi pertumbuhan di Indonesia belum pernah dilaporkan.Tujuan: Mendapatkan profil muatan besi dengan fungsi endokrin pada pasien dewasa TDT beta yang mengalami retardasi pertumbuhan.Metode: Dilakukan studi potong lintang pada pasien thalassemia beta mayor homozigot dan beta HbE usia dewasa yang mendapat transfusi darah di Poliklinik Thalassemia RSCM Jakarta pada Desember 2017. Muatan besi berlebih diwakili oleh feritin serum FS dan saturasi transferin ST, fungsi endokrin yang diperiksa adalah TSHs, fT4, dan IGF-1. FS, fT4 dan TSHs diperiksa dengan metode ELISA. IGF-1 diperiksa berdasarkan metode Solid-Phase ECLIA.Hasil: Proporsi hipotiroid subklinis sebesar 32,7 , kadar IGF-1 rendah pada 79,3 subjek penelitian. Terdapat korelasi negatif lemah FS dengan fT4 r = -0,361; p=0,003 , dan IGF-1 r=-0,313; p=0,008 , tidak terdapat korelasi FS dengan kadar TSHs r=0,074; p=0,29 . Tidak terdapat korelasi ST dengan TSHs r =0,003; p=0,492 , fT4 r=0,018; p=0,448 , dan IGF-1 r=-0,142; p=0,143.Simpulan: Terdapat korelasi negatif antara muatan besi berlebih yang dinilai dari feritin serum dengan fungsi endokrin yang dinilai dengan fT4 dan IGF-1.

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Introduction. Iron overload is a major problem in patients with transfusion dependent beta thalassemia, because it causes toxicity to tissues or organs. The correlation between iron overload and endocrine function in adult TDT beta patients in Indonesia have not been reported.This study aims to obtain a profile of iron load and endocrine function of adult TDT beta patients with growth retardation.Methods Cross sectional study was performed on beta homozygous beta and adult HbE beta patients receiving blood transfusions at the Thalassemia Kiara RSCM Jakarta Clinic, December 2017. Iron overload was represented by serum ferritin FS and transferrin saturation ST, and the endocrine functions are TSHs, fT4 by ELISA method and IGF 1 by the Solid Phase ECLIA method.Results Subclinical hypothyroid proportion was 32,7 and low IGF 1 level was found in 79.3 of subjects. There is a weak negative correlation between FS and fT4 r 0.361 p 0.003, and IGF 1 r 0.313 p 0.008 . No correlation was found between ST with TSHs r 0,003 p 0,492, fT4 r 0,018 p 0,448, and IGF 1 r 0,142 p 0,143.Conclusion There was negative correlation between iron overload based on serum ferritin with endocrine function based on fT4 and IGF 1."

"Pendahuluan: Thalassemia adalah suatu kelainan genetik akibat kegagalan sintesis rantai globin, mengakibatkan terjadinya anemia berat akibat peningkatan aktivitas eritropoiesis yang inefektif dan hemolisis. Peningkatan aktivitas eritropoiesis akan memacu peningkatan absorpsi besi di usus sehingga terjadi kelebihan besi dalam tubuh. Transfusi darah dilakukan secara berkala untuk mengatasi anemia yang timbul pada pasien thalassemia mayor. Pemberian transfusi berulang akan mempercepat terjadi secondary iron overload, untuk mengatasinya diberikan terapi kelasi rutin. Tujuan : Mendapatkan perubahan nilai indeks transferin, saturasi transferin, dan feritin sebelum dan sesudah transfusi dan juga sebelum dan sesudah terapi kelasi pada pasien thalassemia mayor. Mendapatkan perbedaan indeks transferin dan saturasi transferin, dan feritin sebagai parameter untuk menilai perubahan status besi pada pasien thalassemia mayor pasca transfusi dan terapi kelasi. Metode: Desain penelitian kohort prospektif. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 35 pasien thalassemia mayor usia 7-18 tahun yang mendapat transfusi berulang dan kelator besi rutin. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar besi serum, UIBC, TIBC, feritin, transferin, saturasi transferin dan indeks transferin pre transfusi, pasca transfusi dan pasca terapi kelasi. Hasil: Rerata indeks transferin pasca transfusi 124±22 % lebih rendah secara bermakna dari pre transfusi dengan nilai p=0,016, sedangkan pasca kelasi 123 ± 34.5 % (p=0,045). Saturasi transferin pasca transfusi 96 (51 – 100)% meningkat secara bermakna dibangdingkan pre transfusi 87(69-100)% dengan nilai p=0,026, namum tidak berbeda bermakna pada pasca kelasi 87 (39-100). Kadar feritin serum pasca transfusi 3737 (649 -17.094) mg/dL, meningkat secara bermakna dibandingkan pre transfusi 3315 (544,7-14.964) mg/dL (p=0,018). Perbedaan indeks transferin dan saturasi transferin pre transfusi 45(22-153)% lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan pasca transfusi 35(6-89)% dengan nilai p=0,000, sedangkan pasca kelasi adalah 41±25 dengan nilai p=0,036. Kesimpulan: pemeriksaan indeks transferin untuk pemantauan efektifitas terapi kelasi pada pasien thalasemia mayor dapat dipertimbangkan.

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Introduction: Thalassemia syndromes are a group of hereditary disorder characterized by genetic deficiency in the synthesis of β-globin chains. It is associated in severe anemia caused by an increase in ineffective erythropoiesis activity and hemolysis. Erythropoiesis activity will spur increased iron absorption in the intestine so there will be an excess of iron in the body. Blood transfusion is used routinely to treat anemia arising in patients with thalassemia major. Repeated transfusion will accelerate occur secondary iron overload, to solve given chelation therapy routine.

Objective: To know the index value changes transferrin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin before and after transfusion and also before and after chelation therapy in patients with thalassemia major. To know difference transferrin index and transferrin saturation, and ferritin as a parameter to assess changes iron status in patients thalassemia major post-transfusion and chelation therapy.

Methods: This was prosphective cohort, There were 35 patients with thalassemia major who receive repeated transfusions and iron kelator routine, with age 7-18 years. Examination of serum iron levels, UIBC, TIBC, ferritin, transferrin, transferrin saturation and transferrin index before transfusion, after transfusion, and after chelation therapy.

Results: Mean transferrin index post-transfusion 124±22% was significantly lower than pre transfusion (p=0.016), as well as post-chelation 123±34.5% with a value of p=0.045. Transferrin saturation post-transfusion 96 (51-100)% increased significantly with pre transfusion 87 (69-100)% with a value of p=0.026, However no significant difference were observed in post chelation therapy 87 (39-100). Post-transfusion serum ferritin level 3737 (649-17094) mg/dL, increased significantly compared to pre transfusion 3315 (544.7-14,964) mg/dL (p=0.018). Differences transferrin index and transferrin saturation pre transfusion was 45 (22-153)% significantly higher than the post-transfusion 35 (6-89)% with a value of p=0.000, while the post chelation thyrapy was 41±25% (p=0.036).

Conclusion: Transferrin index can be considered for monitoring the effectiveness of chelation therapy in patients with thalassemia major."

"Latar Belakang: Thalassemia adalah penyakit herediter, dan anemia berat adalah salah satu fenotip utama pada thalassemia mayor, sehingga transfusi sel darah merah adalah modalitas utama tatalaksana. Transfusi sel darah merah diberikan sebanyak 1-2 kali setiap bulan akan meningkatkan kesintasan, tetapi dapat meningkatkan risiko infeksi dan menyebabkan muatan besi berlebih, terutama pada penderita thalassemia bergantung transfusi/transfusion dependent thalassemia TDT. Infeksi adalah penyebab kematian kedua pada TDT, setelah gagal jantung. Risiko infeksi meningkat pada transfusi berulang, hal ini terjadi karena adanya infeksi akibat transfusi, dan perubahan respon imun. Perubahan respon imun terjadi karena adanya aloimunisasi dan muatan besi berlebih.Perubahan respon imun dalam TDT dapat terjadi baik dalam respon imun inat maupun imun spesifik. Dalam studi sebelumnya terdapat korelasi ferritin serum dengan jumlah CD4, tetapi hal ini belum diteliti di Indonesia.Tujuan: Mendapatkan korelasi antara muatan besi berlebih ferritin serum dan saturasi transferin dengan imuitas selular CD4 pada penderita dewasa thalassemia beta bergantung transfusi.Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel secara konsekutif pada TDT dewasa. Jumlah subjek adalah 64 orang. Subjek melakukan ronsen toraks dan pemeriksaan laboratorium darah. Pemeriksaan HBsAg, anti HCV, anti HIV diperiksa dengan menggunakan metode Electroimmunoassay ELISA . Serum feritin, dan saturasi transferin diperiksa menggunakan metode Electrocheminulescentimmunoassay ECLIA . Limfosit subset diperiksa menggunakan flowcytometer. Uji korelasi dengan menggunakan korelasi Spearman`s.Hasil: Pada penelitian ini mendapatkan proporsi Hepatitis B sebanyak 4,7 , Hepatitis C positif sebanyak 10,9 , tidak ditemukan anti HIV dan ditemukan 4 dari 41 subjek yang mengalami TB paru. Hasil uji Spearman menunjukkan korelasi negatif lemah dan tidak bermakna antara ferritin serum dengan CD4 p= 0,75, r= -0,04 , dan korelasi positif lemah dan tidak bermakna antara saturasi transferin dengan CD4 p= 0,133, r= 0,19 .Simpulan: Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara muatan besi ferritin serum dan saturasi transferin dengan imunitas seluler CD4.

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Background Thalassemia is a hereditary disease and severe anemia is main phenotype in major thalassemia, therefore red cell transfusion is main modality in major thalassemia management. Transfusion which are given 1 2 times every month will improve prognosis and survival, but both higher risk infections and iron overload are found in thalassemia, especially in transfusion dependent thalassemia TDT. Infections are second cause of death in adult TDT, after heart failure. Higher risk infections are caused by multiple transfusions, which can cause alter in immune response due to alloimunization, transfusion related infections and iron overload. Iron overload in TDT can altered immune response, both innate immune and specific immune. Some studies showed correlation between ferritin and CD4, but these were not yet studied in IndonesiaObjective. Objectives in this study were to determine correlations between iron overload serum ferritin and transferrin saturation and immune cellular specific CD4 Methods This were cross sectional study. Subjects were examined consecutively with chest x ray and serum blood collections. Total subjects were 64 subjects. HBsAg, anti HCV, anti HIV, were tested using ELISA. Serum Ferritin, and transferin saturation were tested using ECLISA. lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using flowcytometer. Correlations tests used Spearman rsquo s test.Results We found proportion HBsAg 4,9 positive, Anti HCV positive 10,7 , no subjects with positive for anti HIV, and there was 4 41 subjects with lung tuberculosa from chest X ray. There were weak negative correlation and not significant between serum ferritin with CD4 p 0,75, r 0,04 , and weak positive correlation and not significant between transferrin saturation with CD4 p 0,133, r 0,19 .Conclusions There were no correlations between iron overload ferritin and cellular immunity CD4 in adult transfusion dependent thalassemia."