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"ABSTRACTThis paper assesses the performance of method targeting and implementation error of social transfer programs in Indonesia, which consists of Raskin, in-kind transfer; Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), a conditional cash transfer; Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP), scholarship program; and Program Indonesia Sehat (PIS), free health insurance for the poor and vulnerable. The logit model of exclusion and inclusion errors shows the drivers of probability error in targeting these four kinds of social transfer programs. The finding shows error in the implementation that relies heavily on urban-rural differences and legal identity ownership rather than the role of government employees. Measuring the performance of miss-targeting is needed to improve the effectiveness of social transfer programs on achieving their goals. The analysis of targeting performance suggests caution in employing a mechanism of the delivery program to improve the implementation of the targeting program to promote more social safety net rather than in-kind transfer and cash transfer as well as to re-evaluate the identification requirement for receiving social benefits to reach the beneficiaries from the extreme poor."

"Karya akhir ini berfokus pada analisis strategi transformasi Program Balai Latihan Kerja (BLK) Tahun 2021 menggunakan konsep reformasi utama upaya perlindungan sosial. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah tinjauan pustaka yang kemudian disajikan secara deskriptif. Bentuk hasil dari karya akhir ini merupakan sebuah kajian kritis atau critical review yang menganalisis sebuah teori atau konsep kesejahteraan sosial. Hasil tinjauan pustaka yang telah dilakukan antara lain, penulis menemukan bahwa Program BLK ini merupakan salah satu upaya perlindungan sosial yang termasuk dalam komponen pemenuhan pasar tenaga kerja menurut ADB. Selain itu, berdasarkan reformasi utama yang dibutuhkan untuk Program BLK, pemerintah belum sepenuhnya menjalankan upaya tersebut. Pemerintah belum berupaya untuk memberikan layanan Program BLK ini agar tepat sasaran, padahal hal ini dapat diatasi dengan menyusun standardisasi pengumpulan dan pengelolaan data. Selain itu, pemerintah juga kurang dalam melibatkan peran pekerja sosial dalam proses implementasi, monitoring, dan evaluasi pelaksanaan Program BLK. Berdasarkan reformasi utama perlindungan sosial, hal itu perlu diatasi dengan melakukan pemberdayaan pekerja sosial sebagai pionir perubahan program perlindungan sosial. Pemerintah Indonesia juga belum sepenuhnya menyadari pentingnya keterlibatan masyarakat dalam inklusi sosial di Indonesia dan masih adanya masalah sumber pendanaan program yang belum optimal yang belum menjadi fokus pemerintah dalam pembuatan strategi transformasi Program BLK.

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This final work focuses on the conditions and strategies for the transformation of the Vocational Training Center (BLK) Program organized by the Indonesian Ministry of Manpower as an effort to fulfill social protection for the poor in 2021. The research method used is a literature review which is then presented descriptively. This final work is a critical review that analyzes the transformation strategy of a program using the main reform concept of social protection. The results of the literature review that has been carried out, among other things, the authors find and know that the BLK Program is one of the social protection efforts that includes components of fulfilling the labor market according to ADB. In addition, based on the main reforms needed to realize an integrated referral and service system in the BLK Program, the government has not fully implemented these efforts. The government has not attempted to provide BLK Program services in accordance and appropriate breakfast, even though this can be overcome with one of the main reforms needed, namely the standardization of data collection and management. In addition, the government also does not involve the role of social workers in implementing, monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the BLK Program. Based on the main reforms needed, this needs to be addressed by empowering social workers as pioneers in changing social protection programs. The government is also not fully aware of the importance of community involvement in social inclusion in Indonesia and there are still problems with sub-optimal sources of program funding which have not fully become the government's focus in developing the BLK Program transformation strategy."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi Program Jaminan Sosial yaitu BLT, Raskin dan Askeskin yang berpengaruh terhadap status gizi anak usia balita. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan data cross section tahun 2007. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data Sakerti 2007 dengan sampel anak usia balita yang berada di rumah tangga miskin. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh Program Jaminan Sosial yaitu BLT, Raskin dan Askeskin terhadap status gizi anak usia balita digunakan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa Program Jaminan Sosial BLT, Raskin dan Askeskin tidak berpengaruh terhadap status gizi anak usia balita.

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The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of Social Security programs (BLT, Raskin and Askeskin) on the nutritional status of under-five-year children. Analysis was performed on cross-sectional data of Sakerti in 2007, with a sample of under-five-year children who are in poor households, using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The result of this research indicated that the Social Security programs (BLT, Raskin and Askeskin) did not affect the nutritional status of under-five-year children."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan mekanisme perlindungan sosial (socialassistance, social insurance, social care, dan informal social protection) yang dapat dilihat dari bentuk-bentuk konversi kapital seperti kapital sosial, kapital politik, kapital ekonomi, kapital personal, kapital budaya, dan kapital digital. Penelitian dilakukan pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di tiga Paguyuban Wayang Kulit di Yogyakarta yakni Paguyuban Wayang Kulit WL, Paguyuban Wayang Kulit GP, dan Paguyuban Wayang Kulit SK. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara, observasi, dan etnografi digital (digital ethnography) media sosial seperti Youtube dan Instagram. Ketiga Paguyuban Wayang Kulit tersebut dipilih karena mereka masih mampu bertahan di masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan tetap menyelenggarakan pementasan wayang kulit secara virtual. Hasil temuan penelitian ini adalah bentuk perlindungan sosial yaitu social assistance, social insurance, social care, dan informal social protection bisa berbentuk formal maupun informal, yang ditemukan pada bentuk-bentuk kapital yang ada di Paguyuban Wayang Kulit. Kapital-kapital tersebut mendukung para paguyuban melakukan pementasan virtual di masa pandemi Covid-19. Terlebih lagi, kapital digital bermanfaat secara langsung sebagai perlindungan sosial di masa pandemi Covid-19,ketika ada pelarangan pertunjukan seni budaya secara luring yang menimbulkankerumunan, maka pementasan wayang kulit virtual menjadi solusinya. Dengan demikian, pemerintah perlu membuat kebijakan yang mengarah kepada dukungan kapital digital untuk para seniman tradisi. Apalagi, di era teknologi saat ini, seniman harus beradaptasi dengan teknologi agar dapat bertahan dari guncangan sosial maupun ekonomi, dan mengikuti perkembangan zaman

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This study aims to describe social protection mechanisms (social assistance, social insurance, social care, and informal social protection) which can be seen from forms of capital’s conversion, such as; social capital, political capital, economic capital, personal capital, cultural capital, and digital capital. The study was conducted during the Covid- 19 pandemic in three Wayang Kulit Associations in Yogyakarta, namely the WL Wayang

Kulit Association, the GP Wayang Kulit Association, and the SK Wayang Kulit

Association. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach with data collection techniques with interviews, observations, and digital ethnography social media such as Youtube and Instagram. The three Wayang Kulit Paguyuban were chosen because they were still able to survive the Covid-19 pandemic by continuing to hold virtual shadow puppet shows. The findings of this study are forms of social protection, namely social assistance, social insurance, social care, and informal social protection can be in the form of formal or informal, which are found in the forms of capital that exist in the Paguyuban Wayang Kulit. These capitals support community groups to perform virtual performances during the Covid-19 pandemic. Moreover, digital capital is directly useful as social protection during the Covid-19 pandemic, when there

is a ban on offline cultural arts performances that cause crowds, then virtual shadow puppet performances are the solution. Thus, the government needs to make policies that lead to digital capital support for traditional artists. Moreover, in the current era of technology, artists must adapt to technology in order to survive social and economic shocks, and keep up with the modernization."

"CSR merupakan kewajiban sosial yang harus dijalankan oleh perusahaan yang berdiri di Indonesia berdasarkan berbagai undang-undang yang berlaku. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya program-program CSR yang diterapkan berbeda di tiap perusahaan, tergantung pada pemaknaan perusahaan terhadap konsep CSR. Penelitian ini, mencoba menunjukkan bahwa program sosial yang terimplementasi dengan baik, akan membentuk modal sosial perusahaan. Melalui modal sosial ini, perusahaan dapat memperoleh penerimaan dari masyarakat sekitar wilayah operasi korporasi dan pemerintah daerah, yang dapat membantu mempermudah jalannya bisnis perusahaan. Implementasi program CSR dalam kebanyakan penelitian dilihat berdasarkan sejauh mana tingkat keberhasilan program yang di capai oleh perusahaan, juga melihat berdasarkan tingkat ketergantungan stakeholder kepada perusahaan. Padahal melalui implementasi program CSR, dapat dilihat juga bahwa modal sosial ikut bermain dan terbentuk secara tidak disadari. Berdasarkan teori implementasi program yang di gunakan, tidak terdapat tahapan awal pendekatan yang penting dilakukan perusahaan dalam menarik perhatian stakeholder perusahaan, sehingga tulisan ini berusaha memberikan tambahan pendekatan sebagai salah satu dari tahapan awal yang harus dijalankan perusahaan. Tulisan ini juga memberikan pemahaman bahwa tahapan implementasi tidak hanya berhenti pada evaluasi, tetapi harus dilakukan perbaikan sebelum akhirnya diimplementasikan kembali. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang mengeksplorasi keberhasilan implementasi program CSR dan melihat apakah modal sosial sudah terbangun dengan baik, tidak hanya berdasarkan pandangan perusahaan, tetapi juga berdasarkan pandangan masyarakat sekitar daerah operasi dan pemerintah daerah.

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CSR is a social obligation that must be run by a company established in Indonesia based on various laws and regulations. However, in practice CSR programs are implemented differently by each company, depend on the meaning of the concept of CSR companies. This study, trying to show if the CSR programs implemented well, it will form well social capital too for the company. Through this social capital, company can gain acceptance from communities around the area of corporate operations and local governments, which can help simplify the way business enterprises. Implementation of CSR programs in earlier study shows is based on the extent of the program's success achieved by the company, is also viewed by the level of dependence of stakeholders to the company. In fact, through the implementation of CSR programs can be seen also that social capital is formed unconsciously. Based on the used theory of implementation program, there are no initial stage approach for companies in attracting the attention of stakeholders of the company. So that this paper tries to provide an additional approach as one of the initial stages of the company should be run. This paper also gives an understanding that the implementation programs stage does not just stop on the evaluation, but must be improved before it is re-implemented. This study used qualitative methods to explore process of the successful implementation CSR programs and see whether social capital has been developed well, not only based on the views of the company, but also by society's views about regional and local government operations."

"ABSTRAKTulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran Bank Dunia dalam perkembangan sektor perlindungan sosial di Indonesia dengan menggunakan kerangka berpikir neo-gramscianism yang dikemukakan oleh Robert Cox. Tulisan ini mengkategorikan perkembangan sistem perlindungan sosial di Indonesia ke dalam lima periode, yaitu i periode sebelum Krisis Finansial Asia 1997, ii periode diperkenalkannya program Jaring Pengaman Sosial JPS tahun 1997-2001, iii periode transisi program temporer menjadi program reguler terinstitusionalisasi tahun 2002-2004, iv periode pembentukan sistem jaminan sosial nasional tahun 2005-2011, dan v periode pengintegrasian institusi jaminan sosial tahun 2012 hingga saat ini. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan, tulisan ini berkesimpulan bahwa terdapat peranan Bank Dunia yang penting di dalam proses perkembangan program perlindungan sosial di Indonesia ditinjau dari sisi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, dan pendanaan. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa keterlibatan aktif Bank Dunia tersebut merupakan manifestasi dari fungsi Bank Dunia sebagai organisasi internasional untuk melanggengkan hegemoni norma neoliberalisme. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa agenda untuk mengembangkan sistem perlindungan sosial merupakan suatu langkah yang harus ditempuh Bank Dunia untuk melanggengkan sistem hegemoni neoliberalisme yang ada.

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ABSTRAKThis paper aims to analyze the role of the World Bank in the development of social protection policy in Indonesia using the neo gramscianism framework proposed by Robert Cox. This paper categorized the development of social protection system in Indonesia into five periods, namely i i the period before the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, ii the introduction period of the Social Safety Net SSN 1997 2001, iii temporary transitional program period into an institutionalized program 2002 2004, iv the period of establishment of the national social security system in 2005 2011, v the period of integration of social security institutions in 2012 to the present. The result of the analysis concludes that, there is an important role of the Bank in the development process of social protection programmes in Indonesia, in terms of planning, implementation, supervision, and funding. This research argues that the World Bank rsquo s active involvement is a form of manifestation of the World Bank rsquo s function as an international organization to perpetuate the hegemony of neoliberalism values. Ultimately, this research concludes that the World Bank as the manifestation of the existing system of neoliberal hegemony in which the agenda to develop social protection system is an essential step to take to perpetuate the current system."