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"ABSTRACTThis paper uses a difference in difference model to study the impact of venture capital (VC) participation on board characteristics. Our sample includes companies listed on the growth enterprise market (GEM) on Chinas Shenzhen stock exchange over the period 2009 to 2014. Our measure of board characteristics is chief executive officer (CEO) duality, the scale of the board of directors, and the proportion of independent directors. Our empirical analysis reveals the following findings: the VC backed GEMlisted companies are more inclined to choose the mode of CEO duality and contain a large board of directors and a high proportion of independent directors. These characteristics, we find, are conducive to improving company performance."

"State-controlled listed companies have always dominated Chinese stock markets. As a result of the rampant scandals related to them, there have been voluminous academic efforts to explore their corporate governance, underpinned by agency costs. However, these studies have yet to examine the phenomenon from the perspective of venture capital and adaptive efficiency. During the last ten years, despite China's remarkable progress in the development of its venture capital market, its domestic venture capital has been marginalized by American competitors. Given the different performance between them, the author contends that the corporate governance system of Chinese state-controlled listed companies has hampered the performance of the institutional factors which are responsible for the prosperity of American venture capital in Chinese venture capital markets. With the practice of American venture capital as the mirror, he empirically demonstrates that Chinese domestic venture capital lacks the four factors related to the success of their American counterparts: large and independent funding, application of incentive mechanisms, efficient exit channels, and a high risk tolerance level. More importantly, these defects as a whole are closely linked to the corporate governance of state-controlled listed companies. Considering the potential negative consequences on economic and social development, the author identifies policy reforms underway to harmonize agency costs and adaptive efficiency. "

"Konsep modal ventura di Indonesia dibangun berbeda dengan lembaga keuangan lainnya, seperti Bank dan perusahaan pembiayaan. Perbedaan tersebut adalah bahwa instrumen pembiayaan modal Ventura dalam bentuk equity atau penyertaan modal. Walaupun beberapa Perusahaan Modal Ventura ("PMV") telah cukup lama hadir di Indonesia, usaha pembiayaan yang dilakukannya tidak sepenuhnya dijalankan seperti yang terdefinisikan, dimana terdapat beberapa produk pembiayaan, yang transaksinya seperti kredit pada bank atau pada perusahaan pembiayaan.Sehingga timbul pertanyaan : (1) bagaimanakah usaha pembiayaan yang dilakukan oleh PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Venture Capital, (2) apa yang menjadi dasar atau penyebab PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Venture Capital melakukan usaha pembiayaan selain yang telah ditentukan dalam peraturan usaha pembiayaan modal ventura, serta (3) upaya apakah yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah agar PMV tidak menyimpangi ketentuan usaha pembiayaanya. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan ini, telah dilakukan penelitian, melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara, dengan nara sumber dari PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Venture Capital, Asosiasi Modal Ventura Indonesia (AMVI) dan Departemen Keuangan RI.Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut: bahwa selain melakukan penyertaan modal, ternyata PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Venture Capital, juga melakukan pembiayaan dalam bentuk lainnya. Hal tersebut antara lain disebabkan karena sebagian besar sumber dana yang diperoleh berasal dari pinjaman, yang kurang pas apabila digunakan untuk membiayai dalam bentuk penyertaan modal dan sulitnya mencari PPU yang memahami konsep pembiayaan modal ventura. Sedangkan upaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah, agar PMV tidak menyimpangi ketentuan usaha pembiayaanya, antara lain disusunnya rancangan perubahan peraturan mengenai modal ventura. Saran-saran yang dapat dikemukakan adalah perlunya memasyarakatkan, pelurusan dan peningkatan kualitas pengetahuan konsep pembiayaan modal ventura, revitalisasi peran AMVI dan pemberian sanksi yang tegas kepada PMV yang melakukan penyimpangan usaha pembiayaanya, sebagai upaya terakhir untuk menciptakan efek jera.

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Venture Capital concept in Indonesia is developed differently from other financial institutions such as Bank and Financial Company, difference is that financing instrument of venture capital is in the form of equity participation. Even though several Venture Capital Company ("VCC") have quite long been exist in Indonesia its finance business is not fully carried out as defined, in which there are several financing product, whose transactions are as credit at Bank or in Financing Company.

So that, there has been rising question: (1) How is financing business conducted by PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani. Venture Capital, (2) What become a basis or reason of PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Venture Capital for conducting financing business other than as provided for in regulations of Venture Capital Financing business, and (3) What effort is conducted by the goverment to make VCC not violating provisions of financing business. To answers these questions, a research was carried out, through library study and interview with the resource person from PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Venture Capital, Indonesian Association of Ventures Capital (AMVI), and Ministry of Finance of the Republik Indonesia.

From such research outcomes, it can be concluded as follows : in addition to make equity participation, it is evident PT. Permodalan Nasional Madani Venture Capital, also conduct financing in other forms. It is due to most of resource of fund obtained are originating from loans, which is less appropriate if it used for financing in the form of equito participation and difficulty in seeking for PPU that understands concept of venture capital financing. Meanwhile the efforts carried out by the goverment in preventing VCC violating provisions of financing business, among others are drawing up a draft amendment to regulation concerning venture capital. The sugestion which can be proposed are the requirements to socialize, correct and improve knowledge quality of venture capital financing concept, revitalize the role of AMVI, and impose strict sanctions to VCC that violates its financing business, as a last effort to create a warty effect."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai akibat dari pengaturan modal ventura terhadap kekhususan Perusahaan Modal Ventura (PMV) di Indonesia. Adanya perbedaan mendasar mengenai konsep PMV yang dikenal secara umum dan konsep PMV di Indonesia menyebabkan PMV di Indonesia memiliki kekhususan tersendiri. Menanggapi hal ini, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan mengeluarkan peraturan baru terkait PMV guna melakukan revitalisasi untuk dapat mengembalikan PMV kepada inti bisnisnya yaitu equity financing. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang ditemukan yakni bagaimana konsep modal ventura secara umum dan penerapannya di Indonesia dan bagaimana implikasi pengaturan modal ventura terhadap kekhususan PMV di Indonesia. Permasalahan tersebut akan dijawab dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Pada akhir pengkajian, ditemukan bahwa penerapan PMV di Indonesia yang berbeda dengan PMV pada umumnya mengakibatkan PMV di Indonesia tidak tepat sasaran karena cenderung seperti lembaga pembiayaan.

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This thesis discusses the implication of venture capital regulation on venture capital firm specificity in Indonesia. There is a fundamental difference between venture capital firm concept in Indonesia and the concept outside Indonesia, therefore the venture capital firm concept in Indonesia has its own specificity. Based on that concept, Indonesian Financial Services Authority (OJK) issued a regulation on venture capital firm to modify the concept back to its original concept which is by the equity financing method. But, there are some problems found in order to modify the concept, such as how Indonesia applies the general concept of venture capital in its regulation and how the implication of it shall work on venture capital firm specificity in Indonesia. The solutions of those problems will be solved by using normative juridical method. At the end of this thesis, the conclusion is Indonesia has its own concept on venture capital firm specificity which makes the venture capital firm in Indonesia seems to be like financing institution."

"Modal ventura merupakan bentuk pembiayaan yang diberikan dalam bentuk investasi jangka panjang terhadap perusahaan rintisan yang memiliki potensi berkembang tinggi. Di Indonesia, praktik usaha modal ventura telah dikenal sejak tahun 1973 dan diakui sebagai salah satu pembentuk kegiataan yang dapat dilakukan oleh lembaga pembiayaan sejak diterbitkannya Keputusan Presiden No. 61 Tahun 1988 tentang Lembaga Pembiayaan. Adapun pada tahun 2015 lalu, Otoritas Jasa Keuangan melakukan pembaharuan peraturan dengan menerbitkan 4 (empat) peraturan terkait penyelenggaraan usaha modal ventura, salah satunya adalah Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan No.34/POJK.05/2015. Dalam peraturan tersebut, diperkenalkan suatu konsep baru yaitu Dana Ventura. Dana ventura merupakan kontrak investasi bersama yang dibuat antara perusahaan modal ventura dan bank kustodian untuk mengelola dana yang diberikan parainvestor untuk melakukan kegiatan usaha modal ventura. Singkatnya, dana ventura merupakan salah satu sumber pendanaan yang dapat dibentuk suatu perusahaan modal ventura dengan cara mengumpulkan modal dari pihak ketiga yaitu investor dana ventura.Mengingat dana ventura merupakan konsep yang baru diserap dalam peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, hingga saat ini masih terdapat beberapa hal yang belum diatur secara komprehensif, di antaranya mengenai kedudukan dan kewenangan dana ventura sebagai subjek hukum serta kedudukan hukum investor dalam dana ventura. Pada pokoknya, konsep dana ventura di Indonesia sekilas memiliki kemiripan dengan konsep venture capital fund yang digunakan di berbagai negara di dunia, termasuk di Amerika Serikat dan Singapura. Baik dana ventura maupun venture capital fund memiliki fungsi yang sama yaitu menjadi wadah untuk menampung dan mengelola dana dari investor guna penyelenggaraan usaha modal ventura. Akan tetapi, terdapat beberapa perbedaan yang cukup signifikan di antara keduanya, termasuk mengenai struktur, pihak yang terlibat, model kerja, serta kedudukannya sebagai subjek hukum.

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Venture capital is a form of financing provided in the form of long-term investment to startups that have high growth potential. In Indonesia, the practice of venture capital has been known since 1973 and is recognized as one of the forms of activities that can be carried out by financial institutions since the issuance of Presidential Decree No. 61 of 1988 concerning Financing Institutions. As for 2015, the Indonesia Financial Services Authority updated the regulations by issuing 4 (four) regulations related to the conduct of venture capital businesses, one of which was the Financial Services Authority Regulation No. 34/POJK.05/2015. This regulation introduced a new concept, namely the Dana Ventura. Dana Ventura is a joint investment contract made between venture capital companies and custodian banks to manage funds provided by investors to carry out venture capital business activities. In short, Dana Ventura is a source of funding that a venture capital company can form by raising capital from third parties, namely venture fund investors. Considering that Dana Ventura is a concept that has just been absorbed into laws and regulations in Indonesia, until now, there are still a number of things that

have not been comprehensively regulated, including the position and authority of Dana Ventura as a legal subject and the legal position of investors in the funds. In essence, the concept of venture funds in Indonesia at a glance has similarities with the concept of venture capital funds used in various countries around the world, including in the United

States and Singapore. Dana Ventura and venture capital funds have the same function: to become a forum for collecting and managing funds from investors to implement venture capital businesses. However, the two have several significant differences, including regarding the structure, the parties involved, the working model, and their position as legal subjects."

"PT OCBC NISP Ventura, di bawah naungan PT OCBC NISP Tbk, merupakan sebuah perusahaan modal ventura (“PMV”) yang bergerak di bidang investasi. Dalam program magang ini, Penulis ditempatkan pada divisi investasi dengan jabatan sebagai investment intern, yang berperan untuk melakukan riset industri dan turut membantu kegiatan due diligence yang dilakukan. Hasil observasi Penulis setelah menyelesaikan program ini menyampaikan bahwa PT OCBC NISP Ventura sudah berperan sebagai PMV dalam memberikan dampak bagi startup dalam bentuk pendanaan dan arahan serta telah melibatkan metode-metode pendekatan dalam menentukan keputusan investasi. 

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PT OCBC NISP Ventura, under the auspices of PT OCBC NISP Tbk, is a venture capital (“VC”) engaged in investment. In this internship program, the author is placed in the investment division with the position of investment intern, whose role is to conduct industrial research and assist in the due diligence activities carried out. Observation results The author after completing this program stated that PT OCBC NISP Ventura has played a role as a VC in impacting startups in the form of financing and direction and has involved approaches in determining investment decisions."

"Penelitian ini menguji mengenai pengaruh implied cost of capital terhadap market excess return. Cost of capital merupakan tingkat pengembalian yang dipersyaratkan oleh investor, sehingga secara teoritis return seharusnya lebih tinggi dari cost of capital tersebut. Implied cost of capital (ICC) didefinisikan sebagai tingkat diskon yang digunakan ketika harga pasar saham setara dengan present value dari arus kas yang diharapkan sehingga ICC dapat menjadi proksi yang baik untuk memprediksi return saham di masa mendatang.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan dividend discount model untuk menghitung ICC dengan menggunakan dasar tahun penelitian 2012. Variabel yang digunakan adalah excess return sebagai variabel terikat dan untuk variabel bebasnya menggunakan ICC sebagai variabel uji dan P/E ratio serta PBV ratio sebagai variabel kontrol.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa ICC berpengaruh signifikan terhadap excess return pada horizon 6 bulan, 12 bulan dan 24 bulan. Penelitian ini juga memperlihatkan bahwa ICC lebih mampu menjelaskan excess return dibandingkan dengan P/E ratio dan PBV ratio sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif penilaian saham perusahaan dalam analisis investasi.

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This study examines the effect of implied cost of capital (ICC) to market excess return. Cost of capital is the expected return on an investor`s investment and theoretically it is equal to minimal returns required by investor. Implied cost of capital (ICC) can be defined as the discount rate that equates the firm`s market stock price to the present value of expected cash flows. Several researchs showed that ICC can be a good proxy for predicting future stock returns.

This study used a dividend discount models approach to calculate the ICC using a base year of 2012. Variables used are excess return as dependent variable and ICC as independent variable with P/E ratio and PBV ratio as control variables.

The results showed that the ICC is significant on excess return for the horizon of 6 months, 12 months and 24 months of holding period. This study also shows that the ICC has better correlation coefficients than P/E ratio and PBV ratio so that this variable can be used in assessing the company`s stocks valuation."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai kriteria evaluasi investasi yang diterapkan oleh Perusahaan Modal Ventura (PMV) dalam mengambil keputusan investasi atas Perusahaan Pasangan Usaha (PPU) atau investee. Pada tesis ini, peneliti menggunakan benchmarking pada kriteria evaluasi investasi (investment evaluation criteria) yang digunakan oleh PMV dalam menganalisa dan menetapkan PPU mereka. Secara keseluruhan, terhimpun 12 kriteria. Dari literatur diperoleh untuk berinvestasi di AS disyaratkan 10 dari 12 kriteria. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa PMV di Amerika Serikat memiliki persyaratan kriteria evaluasi investasi yang lebih banyak dan ketat dibandingkan negara lain. Di bawahnya terdapat Singapura yang memiliki 8 kriteria, Eropa 6 kriteria, Kanada 5 kriteria dan wilayah Asia Pasifik 4 kriteria. Dari hasil penelitian ditunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki 8 kriteria dari 12 kriteria. Penelitian ini didukung oleh analisis terhadap data dokumen, observasi dan wawancara.

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This thesis discusses about the investment evaluation criteria employed by Venture Capital Firms (VCF) in deciding to invest on potential investee companies. For this thesis, the researcher utilized investment evaluation criteria used by VCFs in analyzing and determining their investee portfolio as a benchmark. In total, 12 investment evaluation criteria are observed. From literature, it was discovered that VCFs in the US considered 10 out of the 12 criteria to be significant. This shows that VCFs in the US stricter and more rigorous when it comes to investment criteria compared to their counterparts in the study. Singapore comes second with 8 criteria, followed by Europe with 6 criteria, Canada with 5 criteria, and the Asia Pacific region with only 4 criteria that they consider to be significant. Based on the findings of this study, VCFs in Indonesia considers 8 criteria to be significant. This research is supported with analysis of the data, comprehensive observation, and in-depth interview."