Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"This is a collection of original contributions from a group of eminent philosophers and philosophers of education, who sketch the implications of advances in contemporary epistemology for education. This book contains new papers on education and social and virtue epistemology contributed by a range of eminent philosophers and philosophers of education. This book reconceives epistemology in the light of notions from social and virtue epistemology. It demonstrates that a reconsideration of epistemology in the light of ideas from social and virtue epistemology will in turn re-invigorate the links between epistemology and education."

"ABSTRAKSkripsi ini membahas cara menjamin keterandalan sumber pengetahuan testimoni di era teknologi informasi dan komunikasi. Perdebatan mengenai cara menjustifikasi testimoni dilatari oleh tradisi epistemologi modern yang tercermin pada argumentasi reduksionisme dan anti-reduksionisme. Reduksionisme merujuk pada tesis bahwa jaminan keyakinan berbasis testimoni mesti dilandaskan pada sumber non-testimoni seperi persepsi inderawi dan penalaran induktif. Sedangkan, anti-reduksionisme menyatakan bahwa keterandalan pengetahuan testimonial dapat dijamin oleh testimoni itu sendiri. Thesis ini berpijak pada prinsip kebenaran yang akan dibagikan oleh pemberi maupun penerima testimonisecara alami karena niat baikyang melekat padanya. Penelitian ini menolak prinsip justifikasi yang dipakai oleh reduksionisme dan anti-reduksionisme. Sebab, prinsip justifikasi tidak menghitung keterlibatan aktif agen epistemik sebagai pemberi dan penerima testimoni serta mengabaikan risiko gullibility dan intellectual irresponsibility pada proses akuisisi dan transmisi testimoni. Berdasarkan problem tersebut, skripsi ini hendak mendemonstrasikan prinsip kebajikan intelektual sebagai upaya teoretis yang lebih baik daripada prinsip justifikasi dalam menjamin keterandalan sumber pengetahuan testimoni.

---

ABSTRACTThis undergraduate thesis discusses the problem of testimony rsquo s reliability in the age of infosphere. The early argumentation of the justification of testimony typically traced to two views reductionism and anti reductionism. According to reductionists, to justify testimonial knowledge acquired by the hearer from a speaker, we need to possess non testimonial source of knowledge, such as inductive reasoning or perception. In contrast to reductionism, anti reductionists argue that testimony is a basic source of justification. This research refutes the principle of justification in both reductionism and anti reductionism to answer the problem of reliability in testimony because of two reasons first, the principle of justification fails to see the active roles of a speaker and a hearer in knowledge acquisition, second, the principle of justification ignores the risk of gullibility and intellectual irresponsibility in the process of transmission of testimony. Based on the problems of principle of justification, I will demonstrate how intellectual virtues of virtue epistemology have better approach to warrant the reliability of testimony. "

"ABSTRAKSelain membangun daya saing, Universitas Indonesia juga mempunyai kewajiban untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai civic virtue kepada mahasiswa sesuai dengan hakikat pendidikan dan semangat ketika Universitas Indonesia didirikan. Nilai-nilai ini hanya dapat dibangun melalui praktek langsung kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk program pengabdian. Terkait dengan proses penanaman karakter civic virtue, maka perlu dipetakan bagaimana Universitas Indonesia memaknai nilai-nilai pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang melibatkan partisipasi mahasiswa secara baik dan peran-peran apa saja yang mungkin dimainkannya.

---

ABSTRACT

Beside to build a competitiveness, University of Indonesia have an obligation harvesting civic virtue values to their student based on education philosophy and the spirit of University of Indonesia since there was build. Those values only can build by directly implementation to society as the community service program. Related with the process of civic virtue character harvested, University Indonesia needs a map of understanding of community service values which engaged the students and the kind of possible roles their plays."

"Di dalam lingkungan akademik, terdapat sebuah kecenderungan untuk menempatkan fenomena kecanduan judi sebagai sebuah fenomena klinis yang berakar dari permasalahan biokimiawi maupun psikologis ataupun sebagai sebuah permasalahan kultural yang mengikat proses judi kompulsif ke dalam ranah nilai-nilai kolektif suatu masyarakat. Artikel ini akan memberikan sebuah penjelasan alternatif terhadap kecanduan judi dengan mengacu pada pemikiran filosofis Nassim Taleb mengenai ketidakpastian, keberuntungan, dan probabilitas, khususya yang tertera di dalam Fooled by Randomness. Taleb memandang bahwa manusia memiliki kecenderungan untuk tidak memperhatikan peran dari keberuntungan dan ketidakpastian yang sesungguhnya memiliki andil besar di dalam kehidupan manusia dan bahwa kecenderungan ini terjadi melalui sejumlah mekanisme sesat pikir. Di dalam artikel ini, penulis melihat subjek di dalam fenomena kecanduan judi sebagai sebuah agen epistemis yang berhadapan—dan gagal—dalam menjalankan peran epistemisnya karena ketidakpahaman akan konsep-konsep abstrak seperti probabilitas dan ketidakpastian yang memiliki peran besar di dalam perjudian. Penulis juga akan memanfaatkan Epistemologi Kebajikan dalam mensistematisasi pemikiran Taleb menjadi sejumlah kebajikan intelektual yang dapat dipraktikan dalam menghadapi fenomena kecanduan judi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa fenomena kecanduan judi terjadi karena kesalahpahaman akan probabilitas yang melibatkan pemahaman yang keliru terhadap kausalitas dan konsep asimetri dalam probabilitas. Penulis kemudian menyatakan bahwa kebajikan-kebajikan intelektual seperti gaya berpikir probabilistik, kerendah-hatian, dan kewaspadaan empiris dapat berperan dalam menghadapi fenomena kecanduan judi. Terlebih lagi, penulis menyatakan bahwa kebajikan- kebajikan tersebut dapat ditanamkan melalui pendidikan. 

---

In academic circles, there is a tendency to explain problem gambling as a clinical phenomenon or a cultural one. This article seeks to give an alternative explanation of problem gambling by utilizing Nassim Taleb’s thought on unceetainty, luck, and probability, especially as laid out in Fooled by Randomness. Taleb sees that humans have the tendency to overlook the role of luck and uncertainty that in actuality plays a significant role in daily life. Moreover, he argues that this overlook is a result of a number of cognitive errors. In this article, the writer sees problem gamblers as flawed epistemic agents due to their failure to realize the crucial role of uncertainty in gambling. The writer also utilizes Virtue Epistemology in systematizing Taleb’s thought into a number of intellectual virtues in facing problem gambling. This research concludes with the statement that problem gambling occurs due to a misunderstanding of probability that includes a poor conceptualization of causality and asymmetry in probability. The writer then states that intellectual virtues such as probabilistic thinking, humility, and empirical prudence can play a significant role in facing the phenomenon of problem gambling. Moreover, the writer argues the potentiality of education in instilling such virtues. "

"ABSTRACTIn economics, education is considered as one of the most important factors for a nation development. International test result, unfortunately, shows that Indonesian students are performing poorly compared to other countries even with enormous portion of state budget spent for education. Lack of infrastructure is often highlighted as the reason for this failure. However, several reports have shown that infrastructure may not be the sole determinant of education outcome, hence identifying another factor is needed to improve effectiveness of education policy. This research aims to study how human behavior could impact academic achievement through a field experiment. Using the concept of growth mindset and delayed gratification as the proxy of human behavior, we obtained mixed result on how human behavior affects education outcome. Higher degree of growth mindset is associated with better academic performance, showing that student rsquo s belief can affect their achievement academic wise. On the other hand, we did not find statistical evidence about the impact of delayed gratification on education outcome, which implies that the ability to resist temptation may not always lead to better academic achievement. These findings suggest that education policy making and evaluation in the future should consider and put more emphasis to the factor of human behavior.

---

ABSTRAKPendidikan merupakan salah satu faktor terpenting dalam membangun sebuah negara. Dengan segala sumber daya yang telah dialokasikan untuk pendidikan, khususnya besaran porsi anggaran, hasil tes internasional menunjukkan kemampuan siswa Indonesia masih tertinggal dari negara lain. Buruknya kualitas infrastruktur seringkali dianggap sebagai penyebab kegagalan sistem pendidikan di Indonesia. Nyatanya, beberapa penelitian menunjukkan infrastruktur bukan satu-satunya faktor penentu keberhasilan sistem pendidikan, sehingga analisis terkait faktor lain yang dapat memengaruhi efektivitas kebijakan pendidikan perlu dilakukan. Melalui eksperimen di lapangan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari bagaimana perilaku manusia dapat memengaruhi keluaran dari pendidikan. Menggunakan konsep growth mindset dan delayed gratification sebagai proxy perilaku manusia, ditemukan hasil yang beragam tentang dampak perilaku terhadap keluaran pendidikan. Growth mindset memiliki asosiasi positif dengan keluaran akademis. Hal ini menunjukkan kepercayaan siswa dapat memengaruhi performa akademis. Sementara itu, secara statistik tidak ditemukan asosiasi antara delayed gratification dan keluaran pendidikan. Hal ini mengimplikasikan bahwa kemampuan menahan diri dari godaan tidak selalu berkorelasi dengan prestasi akademis yang lebih baik. Temuan-temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kebijakan terkait pendidikan harus lebih mempertimbangkan perilaku manusia."

"[Selain menghadapi permasalahan kemiskinan, Indonesia juga dihadapkan pada dua tantangan mendasar yang saling terkait yakni bagaimana mempertahankan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi dan mengurangi kesenjangan distribusi pendapatan. Dalam menghadapi berbagai hal tersebut, Pemerintah telah mengimplementasikan kebijakan redistribusi melalui strategi pertumbuhan yang inklusif dengan menyalurkan pengeluaran sosial dalam bentuk belanja bantuan sosial dan Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS). Akan tetapi, belum banyak buktiempiris yang dapat menjelaskan dampak pengeluaran sosial terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, belum dapat dibuktikan apakah pengeluaran sosial yang disalurkan oleh pemerintah Indonesia dapat dikategorikan sebagai strategi pertumbuhan yang pro-poor dan inklusif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh belanjabantuan sosial dan Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di 33 provinsi di Indonesia tahun 2006-2012 menggunakan alat analisis regresi dengan Fixed Effect Model. Setelah mengetahui jenis pengeluaran sosial yang dapat mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, selanjutnya penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasi apakah pengeluaran sosial tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai instrumen pertumbuhan yang pro-poor dan inklusif dalam kaitannya dengan pengurangan kemiskinan dan pembangunan manusia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hanya Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) yang secara statistik berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga membuktikan bahwa Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) dapat dikategorikan sebagai instrumen pertumbuhan yang pro-poor dan inklusif.

---

While battling poverty incidence, Indonesia is also confronted with two interwoven rudimentary challenges, sustained economic growth fueled with prevalent income inequality. Henceforth, the Government had intervened by

executing redistributive policy through the inclusive growth strategy by social expenditures provision in the form of social assistance spending and education support spending (BOS Program). Nonetheless, little has been proven empirically concerning the effect of social expenditures to economic growth and whether such spending can be categorized as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth strategy in the Indonesian context. Against this backdrop, this paper attempts to shed a light in this area by employing regression analysis through the Fixed Effect Model to investigate the effect of social assistance spending and education support spending (BOS Program) to economic growth in 33 Indonesian provinces from 2006-2012. After identifying the type of social spending which is able to stimulate economic growth, this paper then tries to determine whether such social spending can be categorized as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth instrument in the context of its efficacy on poverty alleviation and human development improvement respectively. The result suggests that only education support spending (BOS Program) that statistically significant in uplifting economic growth level. Furthermore, closer investigation indicates that this particular spending can be classified both as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth instrument.;While battling poverty incidence, Indonesia is also confronted with two

interwoven rudimentary challenges, sustained economic growth fueled with

prevalent income inequality. Henceforth, the Government had intervened by

executing redistributive policy through the inclusive growth strategy by social

expenditures provision in the form of social assistance spending and education

support spending (BOS Program). Nonetheless, little has been proven empirically

concerning the effect of social expenditures to economic growth and whether such

spending can be categorized as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth strategy in

the Indonesian context.

Against this backdrop, this paper attempts to shed a light in this area by

employing regression analysis through the Fixed Effect Model to investigate the

effect of social assistance spending and education support spending (BOS

Program) to economic growth in 33 Indonesian provinces from 2006-2012. After

identifying the type of social spending which is able to stimulate economic

growth, this paper then tries to determine whether such social spending can be

categorized as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth instrument in the context of

its efficacy on poverty alleviation and human development improvement

respectively. The result suggests that only education support spending (BOS

Program) that statistically significant in uplifting economic growth level.

Furthermore, closer investigation indicates that this particular spending can be

classified both as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth instrument, While battling poverty incidence, Indonesia is also confronted with two

interwoven rudimentary challenges, sustained economic growth fueled with

prevalent income inequality. Henceforth, the Government had intervened by

executing redistributive policy through the inclusive growth strategy by social

expenditures provision in the form of social assistance spending and education

support spending (BOS Program). Nonetheless, little has been proven empirically

concerning the effect of social expenditures to economic growth and whether such

spending can be categorized as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth strategy in

the Indonesian context.

Against this backdrop, this paper attempts to shed a light in this area by

employing regression analysis through the Fixed Effect Model to investigate the

effect of social assistance spending and education support spending (BOS

Program) to economic growth in 33 Indonesian provinces from 2006-2012. After

identifying the type of social spending which is able to stimulate economic

growth, this paper then tries to determine whether such social spending can be

categorized as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth instrument in the context of

its efficacy on poverty alleviation and human development improvement

respectively. The result suggests that only education support spending (BOS

Program) that statistically significant in uplifting economic growth level.

Furthermore, closer investigation indicates that this particular spending can be

classified both as pro-poor growth and inclusive growth instrument]"

"Despite the long history of corporate social responsibility (CSR) research, few studies have focused on CSR activities related to business partners in supply chains. In this regard, we investigate whether internal (or backward) CSR enhances firm value. Using an index from the Korea Commission for Corporate Partnership, which indicates whether a firm shares its profits with business partner companies, we find that firm value increases as this backward CSR increases. Further, after controlling for internal CSR, firms engaged only in external CSR have lower firm value than non-CSR firms. Interestingly, we find that firms involved in both internal and external CSR have higher value. Overall, by showing that internal CSR is a core activity that enhances firm value, our study provides policy implications for the regulatory bodies of different countries."