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"ABSTRAKPenelitian mengenai pemanfaatan kompos Unit Pengolahan Sampah (UPS) Universitas Indonesia terhadap pertumbuhan terung ungu (Solanum melongena L. var. Lezata) dilasanakan pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan November. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi kompos dalam media tanam yang paling baik untuk mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman terung. Kompos dalam media tanam divariasikan sebagai berikut P1 (tanah: pasir: kompos 1:1:0), P2 (tanah: pasir: kompos 1:1:0.5), P3 (tanah: pasir: kompos 1:1:1), dan P4 (tanah: pasir: kompos 1:1:2), serta P5 (media tanam komersil) sebagai kontrol positif. Dua fase pertumbuhan yang akan diamati yaitu vegetatif dan generatif. Data diolah berdasarkan parameter kualitatif (warna daun, bentuk daun, besar daun, warna buah dan tes organoleptik) dan kuantitatif (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat basah dan berat kering, panjang akar,jumlah buah, panjang dan berat buah). Data kualitatif menunjukkan adanya perbedaan warna daun dan warna buah tanaman terung ungu pada perlakuan media tanam. P5 dan P1 menunjukkan warna daun yang lebih terang dibandingkan dengan tiga perlakuan lainnya. Perlakuan P3 dan P4 menunjukkan warna kulit buah terung ungu yang gelap dan sesuai dengan literatur, sementara perlakuan lainnya menunjukkan warna buah ungu terang. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa kompos UPS UI berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat basah, berat kering tanaman, dan jumlah bunga tanaman. Namun, kompos UPS UI tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang akar dan jumlah buah. Kombinasi terbaik untuk pertumbuhan vegetatif ditunjukkan oleh P3. Perlakuan P3 dan P4 menunjukkan hasil yang hampir serupa pada hasil pertumbuhan generatif.

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ABSTRACT

Research on the use of UPS UI compost on the growth of purple eggplant (Solanum melongena L. var. Lezata) was conducted from October to November. The research was conducted with the aim to find out the proportion of compost in the growing media to support the growth of eggplant plants. Compost in the planting medium is varied as follows P1 (soil: sand: compost 1: 1: 0), P2 (soil: sand: compost 1: 1: 0.5), P3 (soil: sand: compost 1: 1: 1), and P4 (soil: sand: compost 1: 1: 2), and P5 (commercial growing media) as a positive control. Two growth phases will be observed, vegetative and generative. Data were processed based on qualitative parameters (leaf color, stem color, leaf shape, leaf size, fruit shape, fruit color and organoleptic tests) and quantitative (plant height, number of leaves, wet weight and dry weight, root length, and number of fruits, fruit length and weight). Qualitative data shows the differences in leaf color and fruit color of purple eggplant plants in the planting media treatment. P5 and P1 showed lighter leaf color compared to the other three treatments. Treatments P3 and P4 showed dark purple eggplant skin color and according to the literature, while other treatments showed light purple fruit color. Statistical analysis showed that UPS UI compost significantly affected the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, wet and dry weight. However, UPS UI compost has no significant effect on root length and number of fruits. The best combination for plant vegetative growth shown by P3. P3 and P4 shows an almost similar result in generative growth ."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengaplikasikan kompos Unit Pengelolaan Sampah (UPS) Universitas Indonesia (UI) sebagai media tanam selada (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa) dan menghasilkan kompos dari sampah organik dengan pemberian varian aktivator.  Kompos UPS UI mengandung hara makro dan hara mikro yang telah sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 19-7030-2004 sehingga dapat diaplikasikan sebagai media tanam. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan enam kali ulangan. Parameter penelitian terdiri dari kualitatif dan parameter kuantitatif. Parameter kualitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif. Parameter kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan uji Anova dan uji Tukey taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi kompos UPS UI sebagai media tanam mampu menunjang pertumbuhan vegetatif selada. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan perlakuan M4 (50% kompos) menghasilkan jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, panjang akar, berat segar tajuk, berat segar akar, berat kering tajuk, dan berat kering akar paling tinggi diantara seluruh perlakuan. Hasil pembuatan kompos dengan pemberian varian aktivator menunjukkan kandungan hara kompos sudah sesuai SNI 19-7030-2004. Aktivator EM4 (50% kompos) menghasilkan berat akhir kompos terbaik dibandingankan dengan perlakuan lainnya.

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The research was aimed to applicate Unit Pengelolaan Sampah (UPS) Universitas Indonesia (UI)'s compost as lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa) growing media and to produce compost from organic waste with activator variants. UPS UI's compost contained macro- and micro nutrients that accordance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 19-7030-2004 so that it can be applied as growing media. The study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications. The research consited two parameters, there was qualitative and quantitative parameter. Qualitative parameters were analyzed descriptively. Quantitative parameters were analyzed using the Anova test and Tukey test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the application of UPS UI compost as growing media was able to increase the vegetative growth of lettuce. The results also showed that M4 treatment (50% compost) resulted in the highest number of leaves, plant height, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight among all treatments. The results showed that compost's  content was in accordance with SNI 19-7030-2004. The EM4 activator produced the best compost final weight compared to other treatments."

"Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memanfaatkan kompos hasil produksi Unit Pengelolaan Sampah (UPS) Universitas Indonesia (UI) sebagai pupuk untuk menunjang pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman terung (Solanum melongena cv. Black Beauty). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan lima kali ulangan. Komposisi media tanam meliputi tanah, pasir, dan kompos dengan perbandingan 1:1:0 (P0), 1:1:0,5 (P1), 1:1:1 (P2), 1:1:2 (P3), dan media tanam komersil (P4). Parameter penelitian terdiri atas parameter kualitatif dan parameter kuantitatif. Parameter kualitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif. Parameter kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji Tukey (α = 0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan P3 menghasilkan buah paling disukai dan jumlah buah tertinggi di antara perlakuan lainnya. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan P3 menghasilkan rata-rata tertinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan P0 (kontrol negatif) pada parameter jumlah daun, berat basah tajuk, berat kering tajuk, panjang akar, berat basah akar, berat kering akar, jumlah bunga, berat basah buah, dan berat kering buah. Kompos UPS UI tidak berpengaruh pada parameter warna daun, warna buah, diameter buah, panjang buah, dan diameter buah. Unsur hara yang terkandung dalam kompos UPS UI dapat menunjang pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman terung (Solanum melongena cv. Black Beauty)

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This study aims to utilizing compost produced by the Waste Management Unit (UPS) of Universitas Indonesia (UI) as a fertilizer to support the vegetative and generative growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Black Beauty). Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and five replications were performed. The composition of the growing media consisting of soil, sand, and compost in a ratio of 1:1:0 (P0), 1:1:0,5 (P1), 1:1:1 (P2), 1:1:2 (P3), and commercial fertilizer (P4). Research parameters consist of qualitative and quantitative parameters. Qualitative parameters were analyzed descriptively. Quantitative parameters were analyzed using ANOVA test and Tukey (α = 0,05). The results showed that P3 treatment was significantly affected on number of leaves, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, number of flowers, number of fruits, fruit fresh weight, and fruit dry weight. There were no differences in the parameters of leaf colour, fruit colour, fruit length, and fruit diameter. The nutrients contained in the UPS UI compost can support the vegetative and generative growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. cv. Black Beauty)."

"Pada tahun 2010, timbulan sampah di kota Depok telah diperkirakan sebesar 4250 m3 perhari. Salah satu penanganan sampah yang ada adalah pengomposan oleh UPS. Kompos yang diproduksi oleh UPS Cilangkap tidak memiliki kualitas kompos yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan memberikan fungsi alternatif dari kompos, yaitu sebagai bahan daily cover soil pada landfill. Kompos dicampur dengan tanah yang diambil di sekitar TPA Cipayung. Percobaan dilakukan dengan komposisi campuran kompos dengan tanah menghasilkan campuran 1 (80%:20%), campuran 2 (70%:30%), campuran 3 (60%:40%), campuran 4 (50%:50%), campuran 5 (60%:40%), campuran 6 (70%:30%). Karakteristik yang dinilai adalah ukuran partikel yang akan memengaruhi jenis campuran dan permeabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompos UPS Cilangkap dan tanah di sekitar TPA Cipayung beserta hampir seluruh campurannya layak untuk dijadikan bahan daily cover soil sesuai dengan Standard for Compost Product yang dikembangkan oleh The Maine Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Resources jika dilihat ukuran partikel pembentuknya dan sesuai dengan perbandingan nilai koefisien permeabilitas dengan ketebalan tanah pada standar US EPA 40 CFR Part 258.21(a) dan 258.40.

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In 2010, waste generation in Depok has been estimated at 4250 m³ per day. One of the existing waste treatment is composting doing by UPS. Compost product from UPS Cilangkap does not have a high quality compost. Therefore, the one of the research’s aim is providing an alternative function of compost as a daily cover soil at landfill. Compost will mixed with soil taken around TPA Cipayung. The expertiment were performed with a mixture of compost and soil that produce mixture 1 (80%: 20%), mixture 2 (70%: 30%), mixture 3 (60%: 40%), mixture 4 (50%: 50%), mixture 5 (40%: 60%), and mixture 6 (30%: 70%). The characteristics that being considered are particle size, which will affect the type of mixture, and permeability.

The result shown that compost of UPS Cilangkap and soil around TPA Cipayung along almost the entire mixture are suitable as daily cover soil material in accordance with the Standard for Compost Product developed by the Maine Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Resources based on the particles size and also to the coefficient of permeability and the thickness of soil comparison on USEPA 40 CRF Part 258.21(a) and Part 258.40 standard. "

"Composting is a widely used biological process for the management of some wastes produced in communities and agricultural activities, which have experienced substantial growth during the last few years. Because this and the knowledge of composting has increased, the number of composting facilities has increased tremendously, especially in some European countries. Interest has also increased in several countries in other regions of the world. This book attempts to summarize some of the most important work conducted during the last few years under one cover. The contributions to the publication are made by some of the most qualified professionals in the world and present the information in a clear and objective manner. The readers will find the information very useful and will be helpful in the design of new facilities and organic recycling programs. * Up-to-date contributions by some of the most knowledgeable and respected leaders in the field * Clear and objective presentations, which are arranged in such a way that it is not necessary to read the entire book * Information is supported by data, tables and references * Covers most important aspects of the process including a brief historical review * May be used by teachers as well as practicioners in the field. "

"Terjadi penurunan jumlah produksi Terung ungu (Solanum melongena L.) akibat berkurangnya lahan pertanian dan hanya tersisa lahan marginal dengan kondisi tanah yang kurang optimal. Di Indonesia terdapat banyak lahan marginal seperti tanah salin yang kurang dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan pertanian sehingga perlu dilakukan penanaman tanaman pada lahan marginal dengan memilih varietas tumbuhan budidaya yang toleran terhadap kondisi lingkungan lahan marginal. Tanaman terung diduga dapat menyintesis senyawa prolin ketika dihadapkan dengan cekaman salinitas sebagai bentuk pertahanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons tanaman terung melalui pengamatan parameter kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan kadar senyawa prolin yang dihasilkan saat diberikan perlakuan berupa kadar salinitas (NaCl) pada konsentrasi 0% (kontrol), 0,3%, 0,6%, dan 0,9%. Penanaman terung dilakukan selama 40 hari dengan pemberian perlakuan salinitas (NaCl) setiap 2 hari selama 14 hari terakhir. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis prolin adalah metode Bates, dkk. (1973). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian perlakuan salinitas pada konsentrasi yang sudah ditentukan terhadap tanaman terung berpengaruh nyata (Sig. < 0,05) terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar, berat segar tanaman, dan klorofil tanaman. Prolin juga berhasil diproduksi oleh terung yang diberikan perlakuan cekaman dan terjadi peningkatan antar perlakuan kontrol, perlakuan NaCl 0,3% dan 0,9%. Namun, terdapat penurunan produksi kadar prolin pada perlakuan 0,6%. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar prolin dengan parameter kuantitif, namun terdapat hubungan antara kadar prolin dengan parameter kualitatif seiring meningkatnya konsentrasi cekaman NaCl yang diberikan.

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Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) production has declined due to a decrease in available agricultural land and only marginal land remains with suboptimal soil conditions. In Indonesia, there is plenty of marginal land such as saline soil that underutilized for agriculture, so it is necessary to planting plants on marginal land by selecting cultivated plants that are tolerant of marginal land environmental conditions. Eggplant is thought to synthesize proline compounds when faced with salinity as a form of defense. This study aims to determine the quantitative and qualitative parameters also the level of the proline compounds produced by eggplants when treated in salinity (NaCl) at concentrations of 0,3%, 0,6%, and 0,9%. The planting carried out for 40 days with giving salinity treatment every 2 days on the last 14 days. The method used for proline analysis is the Bates, et al. method (1973). Results show the treatment of salinity at a predetermined concentration on eggplant has a significant effect (Sig. < 0.05) on plant height, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight, and chlorophyll content. Proline is also successfully produced by plants and there is an increase in control treatment, NaCl treatment 0,3%, and 0,9%. However, there was a decrease in proline production in the treatment of 0,6%. There was no relation between proline levels and quantitative parameters, but there is a relation between proline levels and qualitative parameters as the NaCl stress concentration increased."

"Sebagian besar timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan oleh penduduk Kota Depok adalah sampah organik. Dengan banyaknya sampah organik, maka pengomposan adalah salah satu solusi untuk mengelola sampah organik. Di Kota Depok terdapat 32 UPS yang aktif dari total 42 UPS. Dalam penelitian ini, fasilitas pengomposan yang digunakan sebagai studi kasus adalah UPS Merdeka 2. Di UPS Merdeka 2 dilakukan pengomposan dengan metode open windrow. Proses pengomposan di UPS Merdeka 2 memakan waktu selama 3-4 bulan. Selain itu, dari hasil uji laboratorium, kualitas kompos yang dihasilkan masih belum memenuhi standar dalam SNI 19-7030-2004 tentang Spesifikasi Kompos dari Sampah Organik Domestik dalam beberapa parameter. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik feedstock pada proses pengomposan di UPS Merdeka 2, menganalisis pengaruh penambahan cacing Eudrilus eugeniae pada proses pengomposan, menganalisis perbedaan penurunan massa sampah organik menjadi kompos dengan sistem open windrow dan vermikomposting, serta menganalisis perbedaan kualitas produk kompos hasil vermikomposting dan open windrow. Dalam penelitian ini dibuat dua jenis metode pengomposan, dengan cara open windrow dan vermikomposting menggunakan cacing Eudrilus eugeniae. Dengan adanya penambahan cacing dalam proses pengomposan maka diharapkan akan mempercepat durasi pengomposan serta memperbaiki kualitas produk kompos. Feedstock yang digunakan untuk pengomposan berasal dari sampah makanan, sampah sayur, dan sampah taman. Jumlah feedstock yang digunakan untuk pengomposan open windrow sebanyak 345,685 kg, dan untuk vermikomposting sebanyak 0,875 kg feedstock/kg cacing dengan frekuensi feeding rate sebanyak 2 kali seminggu. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan setiap 7 hari selama 84 hari. Parameter karakteristik feedstock dan kualitas kompos yang diperiksa adalah suhu, pH, kadar air, rasio C/N, total phosphor, kemampuan ikat air (WHC), electrical conductivity, kadar volatil, kadar abu, lignin, densitas, free air space (FAS), dan ermination index (GI). Titik pengambilan suhu pada gundukan kompos open windrow dilakukan pada kedalaman 20-30 cm, 40 cm, dan 80 cm dari permukaan kompos. Berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan kualitas kompos, produk kompos dari vermikomposting memenuhi rentang baku mutu SNI 19-7030-2004 dalam aspek pH, rasio C/N, total phosphor, WHC, dan suhu, sementara produk pengomposan open windrow memenuhi baku mutu dalam aspek kadar air, total phosphor, dan suhu. Selain itu, nilai GI pada vermikomposting menggunakan bibit kangkung sebesar 775%, dan 123,8% pada bibit pokchoi. Nilai GI pada kompos open windrow menggunakan bibit kangkung sebesar 625%, dan 98,8% pada bibit pokchoi. Maka kualitas vermikompos lebih baik dibandingkan dengan produk kompos open windrow. Penurunan massa sampah organik menjadi kompos pada sistem open windrow sebesar 82,93% dan 82,88% pada vermikomposting. Persentase produk vermikomposting yang dapat digunakan sebesar 17,11% dari jumlah feedstock, sedangkan produk open windrow sebanyak 14,75%.

Berdasarkan data penelitian yang diperoleh, tidak terdapat standar metode Germination Test (GT) sehingga pengujian GI dilakukan dengan menggabungkan metode dari beberapa jurnal, laju pertumbuhan cacing lambat, dan tidak dilakukan perhitungan laju dekomposisi bahan organik. Sehingga penelitian ini menyarankan bahwa perlu dilakukan pemberian feedstock yang bervariasi pada cacing agar dapat diketahui jumlah feedstock optimum untuk laju pertumbuhan cacing, penelitian lebih lanjut oleh Badan Standardisasi Nasional mengenai metode Germination Test, dan dilakukan penimbangan sisa feedstock pada reaktor vermikomposting sebelum pemberian feedstock agar dapat diketahui laju dekomposisi bahan organik.

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Most of the waste generated by the citizen of Depok City is organic waste. With the excessive amount of organic waste being accumulated, composting is one of the solution to manage organic waste. In Depok City, there are 32 active UPS out of 42 UPS in total. In this research, the facility that was qualified to be used for a case study was UPS Merdeka 2. In UPS Merdeka 2, composting with the method open windrow was done that took around 3-4 months. Other than that, from lab test result, the compost quality that was produced was not up to SNI 19-7030-2004 standard about Specification of Compost from Domestic Organic Waste in several parameters. The purposes of this research are to analyze the characteristic of feedstock in composting process on UPS Merdeka 2, to analyze the effect of adding Eudrilus eugeniae earthworms in composting process, to compare mass reduction of the organic waste into compost between open windrow system and vermicomposting, and to analyze the difference between the quality of compost products.

Two methods of composting was used, with open windrow method and vermicomposting with Eudrilus eugeniae earthworms. Earthworm was added in the composting process in hope of accelerating composting duration and to improve the quality of compost product. The feedstocks for composting are food waste, vegetable waste, and garden waste. The amount of feedstock used for open windrow composting is 345,685 kg, and for vermicomposting is 0,875 kg feedstock/kg earthworms with the frequency of feeding rate is twice a week. Sampling was done every 7 days throughout 84 days period. Parameters of feedstock characteristics and compost quality that was quantified was temperature, pH, moisture content, C/N ratio, total phosphor, Water Holding Capacity (WHC), Electrical Conductivity (EC), volatile solid, ash content, lignin, density, Free Air Space (FAS), and Germination Index (GI). The temperature capture point on the open windrow compost mound is carried out at a depth of 20-30 cm, 40 cm, and 80 cm from the compost surface.

Based on the compost quality checking, compost product from vermicomposting is qualified based on SNI 19-7030-2004 in the parameters of pH, C/N ratio, total phosphor, WHC, and temperature. In addition, GI values in vermicomposting using water spinach seeds were 775%, and 123,8% in pokchoi seeds. The GI value of the open windrow compost using water spinach seeds were 625%, and 98,8% in pokchoi seeds. On the other hand, compost product from open windrow fulfills the standard in the parameters of moisture content, total phosphor, and temperature. Then, the quality of vermicompost is better than the open windrow system compost products. Mass reduction of organic waste into compost in open windrow system is 82,93% and 82,88% in vermicomposting. The percentage of products in VCR that can be used is 17,11% of the total feedstock, while the open windrow product is 14,75%.

Based on the research data obtained, there is no standard method of Germination Test (GT) so that GI testing is carried out with several journal methods, the growth rate of earthworms is slow, and no decomposition rate of organic waste is carried out. So that the researchers suggest to varying the feedstock for earthworms in order to determine the optimal amount of feedstock for earthworms growth rates, further research by the National Standardization Agency on Germination Test methods, and weighing feedstock in vermicomposting reactors before giving the feedstock, so that the decomposition of organic matter can be counted."