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"Skripsi ini berusaha menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana proses dan dampak pemberian bantuan terhadap permasalahan yang memicu krisis penerima manfaat Layanan Aktif BAZNAS dalam membantu memulihkan keadaan ekuilibrium karena peristiwa krisis penerima manfaatnya. Adapun kerangka berpikir yang digunakan sebagai landasan analisis merujuk pada teori krisis. Di dalam teori krisis tersebut terdapat dua indikator yang digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian ini yaitu pemulihan ekuilibrium yang dipengaruhi oleh pemenuhan sumber daya yang dibutuhkan. Pada pemulihan ekuilibrium penerima manfaat mengembangkan mekanisme koping baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, serta analisis dokumen institusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerima manfaat menjalani proses pemberian bantuan mulai dari mendapatkan pengetahuan mengenai bantuan dari Layanan Aktif BAZNAS, menjalani proses layanan dalam gedung, hingga mendapatkan bantuan yang dibutuhkan. Dampak pemberian bantuan Layanan Aktif BAZNAS dapat memulihkan ekuilibrium secara sementara dan membantu penerima manfaatnya dalam mengembangkan mekanisme koping baru.This thesis attempts to answer the question of how the process and the impact of providing assistance to the problems that triggered the crisis of Layanan Aktif BAZNAS beneficiaries in helping to restore equilibrium because of the crisis their beneficiaries. The framework used as the basis for analysis refers to the theory of crisis. In the crisis theory, there are two indicators used to answer this research question, namely the restoration of equilibrium which is influenced by the fulfillment of the required resources. On equilibrium restoration beneficiaries develop new coping mechanisms. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach which is carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and analysis of institutional documents. The results showed that the beneficiaries went through the process of providing assistance starting from getting knowledge about the assistance from the Layanan Aktif BAZNAS, undergoing the service process in the building, to getting the assistance needed. The impact of providing assistance by Layanan Aktif BAZNAS can temporarily restore equilibrium and assist beneficiaries in developing new coping mechanisms."

"Skripsi ini berusaha menjawab pertanyaan bagaimana proses dan dampak pemberian bantuan terhadap permasalahan yang memicu krisis penerima manfaat Layanan Aktif BAZNAS dalam membantu memulihkan keadaan ekuilibrium karena peristiwa krisis penerima manfaatnya. Adapun kerangka berpikir yang digunakan sebagai landasan analisis merujuk pada teori krisis. Di dalam teori krisis tersebut terdapat dua indikator yang digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian ini yaitu pemulihan ekuilibrium yang dipengaruhi oleh pemenuhan sumber daya yang dibutuhkan. Pada pemulihan ekuilibrium penerima manfaat mengembangkan mekanisme koping baru. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif yang dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, serta analisis dokumen institusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerima manfaat menjalani proses pemberian bantuan mulai dari mendapatkan pengetahuan mengenai bantuan dari Layanan Aktif BAZNAS, menjalani proses layanan dalam gedung, hingga mendapatkan bantuan yang dibutuhkan. Dampak pemberian bantuan Layanan Aktif BAZNAS dapat memulihkan ekuilibrium secara sementara dan membantu penerima manfaatnya dalam mengembangkan mekanisme koping baru.

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This thesis attempts to answer the question of how the process and the impact of providing assistance to the problems that triggered the crisis of Layanan Aktif BAZNAS beneficiaries in helping to restore equilibrium because of the crisis their beneficiaries. The framework used as the basis for analysis refers to the theory of crisis. In the crisis theory, there are two indicators used to answer this research question, namely the restoration of equilibrium which is influenced by the fulfillment of the required resources. On equilibrium restoration beneficiaries develop new coping mechanisms. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach which is carried out through in-depth interviews, observation, and analysis of institutional documents. The results showed that the beneficiaries went through the process of providing assistance starting from getting knowledge about the assistance from the Layanan Aktif BAZNAS, undergoing the service process in the building, to getting the assistance needed. The impact of providing assistance by Layanan Aktif BAZNAS can temporarily restore equilibrium and assist beneficiaries in developing new coping mechanisms."

""It has long been recognized that the fundamental theoretical analysis of a market economy is embodied in the Arrow-Debreu-Walras mathematical general equilibrium model, with one great deficiency: the analysis cannot accommodate money and financial institutions. In this groundbreaking book, Ross M. Starr addresses this problem directly, by expanding the Arrow-Debreu model to include a multiplicity of trading opportunities, with the resultant endogenous derivation of money as the carrier of value among them. This fundamental breakthrough is achieved while maintaining the Walrasian general equilibrium price-theoretic structure, augmented primarily by the introduction of separate bid and ask prices reflecting transaction costs. The result is foundations of monetary theory consistent with and derived from modern price theory." -- Back cover."

"Perkembangan transaksi keuangan dengan dibantu dengan kemajuan teknologi di dunia menjadikan sistem keuangan masyarakat dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, tunai dan non tunai. Adanya kemajuan teknologi diharapkan dapat menggantikan fungsi uang sebagai alat atau media dalam sistem pembayaran. Namun hal tersebut tidak sejalan dengan data dari Bank Indonesia dan lembaga sistem pembayaran dunia yang menyatakan bahwa masyarakat di Indonesia masih lebih menyukai transaksi tunai melalui penggunaan uang kartal untuk mendukung transaksi keuangan sehari-hari.  Di tahun 2018 sebanyak 55% transaksi keuangan di Indonesia masih menggunakan sistem pembayaran tunai dibandingkan dengan sistem pembayaran non tunai. Bank Indonesia sebagai lembaga independen di Indonesia yang bertugas untuk mengelola uang rupiah bertugas untuk mengedarkan uang kartal keseluruh Indonesia dengan jumlah yang cukup dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan serta dalam kondisi yang layak untuk diedarkan kepada masyarakat. Dalam perjalanannya, Bank Indonesia mengeluarkan peraturan yang dapat membantu dan juga memberikan kemudahan bagi masyarakat untuk dapat menerima dan mengkonsumsi uang layak edar dengan menerbitkan peraturan Bank Indonesia, salah satunya adalah PBI No.18/9/PBI/2016 tentang Pengawasan Sistem Pembayaran dan Pengelolaan Uang Rupiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pada posisi berapa Bank Indonesia mencapai titik keseimbangan mengedarkan uang kepada masyarakat dan perbankan (outflow) agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat dengan menggunakan persamaan simultan. Permintaan masyarakat akan uang dilihat dari jumlah aliran uang yang berasal dari masyarakat dan perbankan dan selanjutnya masuk ke Bank Indonesia (inflow). Penelitian ini melibatkan 21 provinsi yang ada di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu 2015 Q1 – 2018 Q4. Implementasi Peraturan Bank Indonesia yang dikeluarkan di tahun 2016 (PBI No.18/9/PBI/2016) memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keseimbangan outflow dan inflow uang Bank Indonesia.

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The development of financial transactions with help of technological advances in the world makes the financial system of public can be done in various ways, cash and non cash. The existence of technological advancement   is expected to replace the function of money as a tool or media in payment system. However, this is not in line with with data from Bank Indonesia and the world payment system agency which states that people in Indonesia still prefer cash transactions through the use pf currency to support daily financial transactions in 2018 as many as 55% of financial transactions in Indonesia still use the cash payment system compared to the non cash payment system. Bank Indonesia as an independent institution in Indonesia which is in charge to managing rupiah money has the duty to circulate currency throught Indonesia with sufficient amount and can fulfill needs and in conditions that are suitable for circulation to the public. In its way, Bank Indonesia  issued a regulation that can help and also make it easier for the public  to be able to receive and consume decent money by issuing Bank Indonesia regulations, one of  PBI No.18/9/PBI/2016 concerning supervision of Payment and Money Management System   of Rupiah. This study aims to look at what position Bank Indonesia reaches the balance point of circulating money to the public and banks (outflow) in order to meet needs of the community by using simultaneous equations. Community demand for money is seen from the amount of money flowing from the community and the Banking sector and the enterin to Bank Indonesia (inflow). This study involved 21 provinces in Indonesia in the periode 2015 Q1 until 2018 Q4. Implementation of Bank Indonesia Regulations issued in 2016 (PBI No.18/9/PBI/2016) has a significant influence on the balance of outflow and inflow of money."

"[This advanced textbook aims at providing a simple but fully operational introduction to applied general equilibrium. General equilibrium is the backbone of modern economic analysis and as such generation after generation of economics students are introduced to it. As an analytical tool in economics, general equilibrium provides one of the most complete views of an economy since it incorporates all economic agents (households, firms, government, foreign sector) in an integrated way that is compatible with microtheory and microdata. The integration of theory and data handling is required for successful modeling but it requires a double ability that is not found in standard books. With this book we aim at filling the gap and provide advanced students with the required tools, from the building of consistent and applicable general equilibrium models to the interpretation of the results that ensue from the adoption of policies. The topics include: model design, model development, computer code examples, calibration and data adjustments, practical policy examples. , This advanced textbook aims at providing a simple but fully operational introduction to applied general equilibrium. General equilibrium is the backbone of modern economic analysis and as such generation after generation of economics students are introduced to it. As an analytical tool in economics, general equilibrium provides one of the most complete views of an economy since it incorporates all economic agents (households, firms, government, foreign sector) in an integrated way that is compatible with microtheory and microdata. The integration of theory and data handling is required for successful modeling but it requires a double ability that is not found in standard books. With this book we aim at filling the gap and provide advanced students with the required tools, from the building of consistent and applicable general equilibrium models to the interpretation of the results that ensue from the adoption of policies. The topics include: model design, model development, computer code examples, calibration and data adjustments, practical policy examples. ]"

"ABSTRAKStudi ini menggunakan pendekatan behavioural (BEER) untuk mengestimasi nilai tukar ekuilibrium rupiah secara triwulanan selama periode 2000-2014. Ditemukan bahwa terms of trade, aktiva luar negeri bersih, tingkat bunga riil internasional serta keterbukaan perdagangan merupakan determinan signifikan terhadap nilai tukar ekuilibrium jangka menengah-panjang. Berdasarkan estimasi currency misalignment, disimpulkan bahwa rupiah cenderung mendekati nilai tukar ekuilibirum selama periode penelitian, dengan perkeculian pada tahun 2000 (moderate overvaluation), 2001 (moderate undervaluation) dan setelah terjadinya krisis finansial global pada tahun 2008 (significant undervaluation). Penemuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa rupiah masih rentan terhadap undervaluation shocks. Studi ini ditutup dengan pembahasan singkat mengenai implikasi kebijakan.

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ABSTRACT

This study uses the behavioural (BEER) framework to estimate the quarterly equilibrium exchange rate of the rupiah over the 2000-2014 period. Terms of trade, net foreign assets, the real international interest rate and trade openness are found to be significant determinants of the medium-long run equilibrium exchange rate. Based on the estimated currency misalignment, the rupiah is found to be broadly in equilibrium across most of the period, with notable exceptions in 2000 (moderate overvaluation), 2001 (moderate undervaluation) and in the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis (significant undervaluation). Results imply that the rupiah remains vulnerable to undervaluation shocks. The study concludes with a brief discussion of policy implications."

"The economic theory of general equilibrium underpins the most important models used in economic theory in general and in its more specialized areas such as macroeconomics, international trade, environmental economics, growth theory, and developmental economics. In Foundations of the Theory of General Equilibrium, leading academic scholar, Yves Balasko offers a good introduction to the economic theory of general equilibrium and makes use of various mathematical tools as intuitive and easy as possible. The second half of the book addresses properties of the general equilibrium model that are still at the frontier of current research. These properties deal with the characterization of economies with a unique equilibrium and, more generally, with the relationships between the number of equilibria and the fundamentals of an econom"

"It is widely believed that an equilibrium framework based on simple models, such as the representative agent and bilateral bergaining, in a frictioneless economy provides a consistent framework in micro, macro, finance and institutionals economics..."

"Tanah longsor translasi dianggap lebih jarang terjadi daripada tanah longsor rotasi. Akibatnya, tidak banyak publikasi tentang masalah ini. Menurut penelitian sebelumnya, salah satu program perangkat lunak yang digunakan selama penelitian mengalami masalah. Penelitian ini menguji kompatibilitas dua program perangkat lunak menggunakan dua cara berbeda untuk menghitung nilai faktor keamanan. Seperti untuk Metode Elemen Hingga, MIDAS GTS NX, dan untuk Metode Kesetimbangan Batas, GeoSlope. Fokus hanya pada aspek geometris longsor, seperti sudut kemiringan, elevasi air, dan rasio ketebalan tanah terhadap tinggi lereng. Selanjutnya, penelitian membedakan antara dua jenis tanah. Temuan utama studi ini menunjukkan bahwa masalah utama bukan pada input perangkat lunak. Sebaliknya, kedua program tidak dikembangkan untuk menghitung faktor keamanan slide translasi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil faktor keamanan mendekati perhitungan manual ketika ilustrasi bidang keruntuhan kritis menunjukkan geseran rotasi. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini dalam menentukan faktor keamanan longsor translasi adalah dengan Metode Limit Equilibrium menggunakan software GeoSlope karena hasil dari GeoSlope lebih akurat dibandingkan dari MIDAS GTS NX.

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Translational landslides are thought to be more uncommon than rotational landslides. As a result, there are not many publications on the subject. According to previous studies, one of the software programs employed throughout the study encountered an issue. This research examined the compatibility of two software programs using two distinct ways to calculate the safety factor value. Such as for the Finite Element Method, MIDAS GTS NX, and for the Limit Equilibrium Method, GeoSlope. Focus solely on the geometrical aspects of the landslide, such as the slope angle, water elevation, and the ratio of soil thickness to slope height. Furthermore, the research distinguishes between two types of soil. The study's primary finding shows that the main issue was not with the software's input. Instead, both programs were not developed to calculate the safety factor of a translational slide. It shows that the result of the safety factor is close to the manual calculation when the illustration of the critical failure plane shows a rotational slide. The recommendation from this study in determining the factor of safety of a translational landslide is by Limit Equilibrium Method using the GeoSlope software since the result from GeoSlope is more accurate than from MIDAS GTS NX. "