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"Dalam konteks manajemen logistik, perusahaan FMCG umumnya memiliki sejumlah besar transportasi, produk, dan distributor. Sejumlah besar distributor yang beroperasi secara terpisah memiliki potensi kesalahan informasi yang diberikan kepada perusahaan. Ada kebutuhan untuk sistem informasi logistik untuk mengintegrasikan informasi dan operasi secara real-time untuk menyelesaikan masalah dan membuat keputusan yang tepat dan cepat. Penggunaan teknologi informasi seperti Internet untuk aplikasi berbasis hal-hal semakin dibutuhkan untuk inovasi dalam pengembangan proses logistik karena dapat mempercepat proses dan mengurangi biaya. Namun, ada risiko dan tantangan dalam menerapkan teknologi IoT ke sistem termasuk sumber daya manusia, kemampuan teknologi dan, sehingga perusahaan harus menyiapkan biaya investasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan penerapan teknologi baru. Penilaian kelayakan ekonomi diperlukan untuk menilai apakah investasi dapat menguntungkan perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan perhitungan Net Present Value (NPV), Periode Payback (PP), Return on Investment (ROI), dan Profitability Index (PI).

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In the context of logistics management, FMCG companies generally have a large amount of transportation, products, and distributors. A large number of distributors operating separately has the potential for misinformation provided to the company. There is a need for a logistics information system to integrate information and operations in real-time to solve problems and make the right and fast decisions. The use of information technology such as Internet of things-based applications is increasingly needed for innovation in the development of logistics processes because it can speed up processes and reduce costs. However, there are risks and challenges in applying IoT technology to the system including human resources, technological capabilities and, so companies must prepare investment costs to meet the needs of implementing the new technology. An economic feasibility assessment is needed to assess whether the investment can benefit the company. This study uses the calculation of Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PP), Return on Investment (ROI), and Profitability Index (PI)."

"AEC (Asean Economic Community) 2015 menimbulkan beberapa tantangan dalam industri logistik. Oleh karenanya diperlukan peranan dan penerapan layanan IoT (Internet of Things) untuk meningkatkan daya saing, yaitu berupa implementasi layanan smart logistic transport. Tesis ini mengusulkan model implementasi smart logistic transport di Indonesia yang berfokus pada sistem cold supply chain.Tesis ini bertujuan melakukan analisis ekonomi teknik dalam bentuk analisis komparatif layanan smart logistic transport terkait pemilihan teknologi jaringan 2G/3G/4G dan fitur MDVR yang dibedakan menjadi Skenario 1-2-3. Sedangkan pengembangan model implementasi didapatkan setelah melakukan wawancara dengan application customers,technological vendors,regulator & network provider.Berdasarkan trial implementasi smart logistic transport bulan September – Oktober 2015 dengan analisis ekonomi teknik, didapatkan layanan not feasible hanya pada skenario 3 untuk unit "CD6", di jaringan 4G. Hal ini terkait masih mahal dan belum banyak tersedianya modul m2m gateway dan MDVR teknologi jaringan 4G. Sehingga diperlukan jumlah minimum truk "CD6" dan "Fuso" pada tiap skenario agar implementasi menjadi feasible. Untuk model implementasi layanan terdiri atas 11 fitur, yaitu 2 fitur basic dan 9 fitur advanced. Dikarenakan bisnis proses yang dinamis maka konsumen membutuhkan fitur advanced yang lebih spesifik di masa akan datang. Dengan melihat peluang tersebut maka local content developer dapat menciptakan dan mengembangkan fitur yang relevan.

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Asean Economic Community 2015 has been creating more challenges in logistics industries in Indonesia. The implementation of IoT in logistic services is needed for increasing competitiveness leading to the establishment of so-called "smart logistic transport". We propose the implementation model of the Indonesian Smart Logistic Transport, by focusing on cold supply chain system.

We have conducted an engineering economic analysis of the smart logistics transport, in relation with the mobile network platform of 2G, 3G, 4G. Development of the implementation model is completed by conducting in-depth interviews with the application customers, technological vendors, regulator and network provider.

Based on implementation trial in September-October 2015 and engineering economic analysis, we have found that Smart Logistic Transport is not feasible only on scenario 3 for "CD6" at 4G network. Such condition is caused by the expensive price of 4G’s M2M gateway module and MDVR. Therefore, it requires the minimum amount of implemented truck to make implementation feasible. Our proposed model has signified 11 features, i.e. 2 basic feature and 9 advanced features, formulating the Indonesian smart logistics transport system. Due to the dynamic business process, customers may need specific advanced features in the future. By taking such opportunity, Indonesian local content developer can work to develop any relevant application features, which is needed by the logistic companies in the near future."

"AEC (Asean Economic Community) 2015 menimbulkan beberapa tantangan dalam industri logistik. Oleh karenanya diperlukan peranan dan penerapan layanan IoT (Internet of Things) untuk meningkatkan daya saing, yaitu berupa implementasi layanan smart logistic transport. Tesis ini mengusulkan model implementasi smart logistic transport di Indonesia yang berfokus pada sistem cold supply chain. Tesis ini bertujuan melakukan analisis ekonomi teknik dalam bentuk analisiskomparatif layanan smart logistic transport terkait pemilihan teknologi jaringan 2G/3G/4G dan fitur MDVR yang dibedakan menjadi Skenario 1-2-3. Sedangkan pengembangan model implementasi didapatkan setelah melakukan wawancaradengan application customers,technological vendors,regulator &network provider. Berdasarkan trial implementasi smart logistic transport bulan September-Oktober 2015 dengan analisis ekonomi teknik, didapatkan layanan not feasiblehanya pada skenario 3 untuk unit-CD6, di jaringan 4G. Hal ini terkait masih mahal dan belum banyak tersedianya modul m2m gateway dan MDVR teknologi jaringan 4G. Sehingga diperlukan jumlah minimum truk CD6 dan Fuso pada tiap skenario agar implementasi menjadi feasible. Untuk model implementasi layanan terdiri atas 11 fitur, yaitu 2 fitur basic dan 9 fitur advanced. Dikarenakan bisnis proses yang dinamis maka konsumen membutuhkan fitur advanced yang lebihspesifik di masa akan datang. Dengan melihat peluang tersebut maka local content developer dapat menciptakan dan mengembangkan fitur yang relevan.

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Asean Economic Community 2015 has been creating more challenges in logistics industries in Indonesia. The implementation of IoT in logistic services is needed for increasing competitiveness leading to the establishment of so-called smart logistic transport. We propose the implementation model of the Indonesian Smart Logistic Transport, by focusing on cold supply chain system. We have conducted an engineering economic analysis of the smart logistics transport, in relation with the mobile network platform of 2G, 3G, 4G. Development of the implementation model is completed by conducting in-depth interviews with

the application customers, technological vendors, regulator and network provider. Based on implementation trial in September-October 2015 and engineering economic analysis, we have found that Smart Logistic Transport is not feasible only on scenario 3 for CD6 at 4G network. Such condition is caused by the expensive price of 4G's M2M gateway module and MDVR. Therefore, it requires the minimum amount of implemented truck to make implementation feasible. Our proposed model has signified 11 features, i.e. 2 basic feature and 9 advanced features, formulating the Indonesian smart logistics transport system. Due to the dynamic business process, customers may need specific advanced features in the future. By taking such opportunity, Indonesian local content developer can work to develop any relevant application features, which is needed by the logistic companies in the near future."

"Perkembangan teknologi diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengurangi tingkat kelelahan para tenaga medis ICU dengan mempermudah mereka dalam memberikan pelayanan yang lebih efektif dan efisien kepada pasien di ICU. Internet of Things (IoT) sebagai suatu tren baru dalam teknologi dapat membantu tenaga medis dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan. Penerapan IoT khususnya di ICU memberikan kemudahan untuk melakukan pengamatan pasien berkelanjutan, mengurangi terjadinya error, dan meningkatkan komunikasi antar tenaga medis yang lebih efisien. Penerapan IoT di ICU membutuhkan beberapa pertimbangan yang dilakukan oleh pihak rumah sakit seperti dari segi kemampuan teknologi, keamanan, kemampuan organisasi, dan lingkungan pendukung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ANP (Analytical Network Process) berbasis DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratoy)\ untuk melihat secara lebih jelas pengaruh dan prioritas dari faktor-faktor pertimbangan penerapan Internet of Thing (IoT) di ICU pada rumah sakit di Jakarta dan Depok. Selain itu, metode COPRAS (Complex Proportional Asessment) digunakan untuk mengetahui prioritas teknologi yang dapat diterapkan. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa teknologi pemantauan infus pintar berbasis IoT merupakan prioritas teknologi pertama untuk diterapkan di ICU rumah sakit di Jakarta dan Depok.

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The development of technology is expected to give a solution to reduce the level of difficulty on medical staff in the ICU by facilitating them in providing more effective and efficient services for patients in the ICU. Internet of Things (IoT) as a new trend in technology can help medical staff in providing health services. The application of IoT especially in the ICU makes it easy to conduct continuous patient observation, reduce

the occurrence of errors, and improve communication between medical staff more efficiently. The implementation of IoT in ICU requires several considerations carried out by the hospital such as in terms of technological capability, security, organizational capability, and supporting environment. This study uses DEMATEL (Decision-Making

Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) based ANP (Analytical Network Process) method to see more clearly the influence and priority of the factors considering the implementation of the Internet of Thing (IoT) in hospital ICUs at Jakarta and Depok. In addition, the COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment) method is used to determine technological priorities that can be applied. The results of this study found that IoTbased smart infusion monitoring technology is the first technology priority to be applied in hospital ICUs at Jakarta and Depok.

"

"ABSTRACTRevolusi industri menuju industri 4.0 membawa dampak pada berbagai sektor industri di dunia, salah satunya adalah sektor logistik. Sektor logistik di Indonesia sendiri memiliki permasalahan akan besarnya biaya logistik yang dikeluarkan, terutama oleh aktivitas transportasinya. Salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memanfaatkan perkembangan TIK, seperti yang terdapat pada Cetak Biru Perkembangan Sistem Logistik Nasional. Perkembangan Internet of Things IoT sebagai bagian dari Industri 4.0 dapat menjadi solusi dalam permasalahan logistik transportasi ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan rancangan strategi untuk implementasi IoT pada sektor logistik transportasi di Indonesia berdasarkan key success factors KSF -nya. Penelitian akan terbagi dua menjadi pemilihan dan pembobotan KSF, dan perancangan strategi. Pada tahap pemilihan dan pembobotan KSF, dengan menggunakan metode Analytic Network Process ANP maka didapatkan delapan butir KSF utama yang paling mempengaruhi implementasi IoT pada sektor logistik transportasi. Pada tahap perancangan strategi, dapat dihasilkan berbagai strategi yang kemudian dirancang diagram implementasinya dengan menggunakan metode Interpretive Structural Modeling ISM . Hasil penelitian ini adalah ditemukannya delapan butir KSF utama yaitu perubahan business mindset; komitmen karyawan; kualitas kinerja saat bekerja; training untuk pengembangan karyawan; kompetisi; keterlibatan top management; on-time delivery; dan kejelasan standar referensi arsitektur komponen penyusun sistem IoT, serta ditemukannya diagram strategi implementasi IoT pada sektor logistik transportasi yang berisi delapan strategi di antaranya menetapkan change management; melakukan pelatihan; manajemen sumber daya manusia; membangun kerja sama dengan partner; melakukan penjagaan dan continuous improvement terhadap sistem perusahaan; membentuk sistem pengawasan; membentuk fail-proof system; dan merancang desain sistem integrasi yang terstandar.

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ABSTRACTIndustrial revolution towards industry 4.0 has been going around and affecting various sector globally, one of them is logistics sector. On the other hand, logistics sector in Indonesia has their problem, which is the large sum of cost that must be allocated to logistics activities, mainly in transportation activities. A solution for this problem is by using the development of ICT, as said in the Blueprint of Development of National Logistics System. Internet of Things IoT as part of industry 4.0 is one of the option. The main purpose of this study is to find a design of implementation strategy for IoT on logistic transportation sector in Indonesia, based on its Key Success Factors KSF . This study is divided into two, identificating and prioritizing KSF by using Analytic Network Process ANP method, and designing the strategy. In the identificating and prioritizing KSF stage, the result is indicating that there are eight main KSFs which affecting the implementation of IoT in logistics transportation sector the most. In the designing strategy phase, the eight main KSFs could be used to generate various strategies which then be designed into a structural strategy implementation diagram by using Interpretive Structural Modeling ISM method. The results of this study are the finding of eight main KSFs which are change in business mindset employees rsquo commitment performance rsquo s quality at work training for employees rsquo development competition the involvement of top management on time delivery and clear standard on architecture reference for components of the IoT system, and also the discovery of implementation strategy diagram for IoT in logistics transportation sector that consists of eight main strategies which are change management training human resources management building cooperative relationship with partner maintaining and continually improving the company rsquo s system establish a monitoring system forming a fail proof system and design a standardized integration system."

"Perangkat Internet of Things (IoT) telah mengalami peningkatan signifikan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, pada tahun 2020 diketahui bahwa terdapat sekitar 11.3 miliar perangkat IoT yang terhubung di seluruh dunia dan akan terus berkembang setiap tahun. Salah satu tantangan yang dapat timbul pada penggunaan perangkat IoT adalah pada aspek keamanan dimana terdapat beberapa pendekatan untuk melakukan peningkatan keamanan, salah satunya adalah pada sisi kode sumber yang digunakan untuk menjalankan perangkat IoT. Penelitian ini akan melakukan analisis terhadap efektivitas peningkatan keamanan melalui metode shifting left security yaitu kode sumber atau hasil kompilasi kode sumber akan dianalisis sebelum dirilis pada perangkat IoT serta pengujian perangkat IoT dalam lingkungan internal sebelum dirilis ke publik. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan percobaan terhadap serangan SQL Injection, Broken Authentication, dan Denial of Service serta diketahui bahwa terdapat peningkatan sebesar 66% pada implementasi metode shifting left security dalam pengembangan perangkat IoT yaitu terdapat serangan SQL Injection dan Broken Authentication yang dapat dicegah serta serangan Denial of Service yang masih ditemukan setelah metode shifting left security diterapkan.

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Internet of Things (IoT) devices have had significant increase during the last few years, in 2020 it is known that there were approximately 11.3 billion connected devices around the world and is continuing to develop throughout each year. One of the challenges that may occur when implementing IoT devices is security in which there are several approaches that can be taken for increasing security, one of the approaches is through analyzing the source code that is used for running the device. This research will conduct an analysis upon the effectiveness of shifting left security where the source code or the binary will be analyzed before it is deployed onto the IoT device as well as testing the IoT device in an internal environment prior to public release. Based on the tests conducted in this research through several attacks such as SQL Injection, Broken Authentication, and Denial of Service it is known that the security of IoT devices can be improved by 66% when implementing the shifting left security method in which SQL Injection and Broken Authentication are two of the attacks that can be mitigated while Denial of Service attack still persists after the shifting left security method had been implemented."

"AEC (Asean Economic Community) 2015 menimbulkan beberapa tantangan dalam industri logistik. Oleh karenanya diperlukan peranan dan penerapan layanan IoT (Internet of Things) untuk meningkatkan daya saing, yaitu berupa implementasi layanan smart logistic transport. Tesis ini mengusulkan model implementasi smart logistic transport di Indonesia yang berfokus pada sistem cold supply chain.Tesis ini bertujuan melakukan analisis ekonomi teknik dalam bentuk analisis komparatif layanan smart logistic transport terkait pemilihan teknologi jaringan 2G/3G/4G dan fitur MDVR yang dibedakan menjadi Skenario 1-2-3. Sedangkan pengembangan model implementasi didapatkan setelah melakukan wawancara dengan application customers,technological vendors,regulator & network provider.Berdasarkan trial implementasi smart logistic transport bulan September-Oktober 2015 dengan analisis ekonomi teknik, didapatkan layanan not feasible hanya pada skenario 3 untuk unit "CD6", di jaringan 4G. Hal ini terkait masih mahal dan belum banyak tersedianya modul m2m gateway dan MDVR teknologi jaringan 4G. Sehingga diperlukan jumlah minimum truk "CD6" dan "Fuso" pada tiap skenario agar implementasi menjadi feasible. Untuk model implementasi layanan terdiri atas 11 fitur, yaitu 2 fitur basic dan 9 fitur ad.

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Asean Economic Community 2015 has been creating more challenges in logistics industries in Indonesia. The implementation of IoT in logistic services is needed for increasing competitiveness leading to the establishment of so-called "smart logistic transport". We propose the implementation model of the Indonesian Smart Logistic Transport, by focusing on cold supply chain system.

We have conducted an engineering economic analysis of the smart logistics transport, in relation with the mobile network platform of 2G, 3G, 4G. Development of the implementation model is completed by conducting in-depth interviews with the application customers, technological vendors, regulator and network provider. Based on implementation trial in September-October 2015 and engineering economic analysis, we have found that Smart Logistic Transport is not feasible only on scenario 3 for "CD6" at 4G network. Such condition is caused by the expensive price of 4G’s M2M gateway module and MDVR.

Therefore, it requires the minimum amount of implemented truck to make implementation feasible. Our proposed model has signified 11 features, i.e. 2 basic feature and 9 advanced features, formulating the Indonesian smart logistics transport system. Due to the dynamic business process, customers may need specific advanced features in the future. By taking such opportunity, Indonesian local content developer can work to develop any relevant application features, which is needed by the logistic companies in the near future."

"Generator Set yang sering di singkat menjadi genset, merupakan sebuah alat yang berfungsi untuk menghasilkan energi listrik dari beragam jenis bahan bakar. Penggunaan genset biasanya diperlukan ketika terjadinya pemadaman saluran listrik atau ketika ada kebutuhan listrik di tempat terpencil yang tidak terjangkau distribusi listrik negara. Kemampuan untuk mengawasi kondisi genset serta mengoperasikan genset dari jarak jauh dapat menjadi hal yang penting dan memudahkan pengoperasian genset terebut. Pada skripsi ini, telah dilakukan rancang bangun sistem untuk mengendalikan genset dan mengawasi parameter genset yang berupa suhu, level bahan bakar, tegangan aki, serta tegangan yang dihasilkan genset. Dari hasil penelitian telah didapatkan bahwa sistem dapat menyalakan dan mematikan genset melalui protokol komunikasi LoRaWAN melalui antares. Dari penelitian didapatkan bahwa sensor AC memiliki persentase kesalahan sebesar 7,9%, sensor DC sebesar 9,02%, sensor suhu sebesar 11,11%, dan sensor ultrasonik sebesar 13,79%. Dari penelitian didapatkan juga parameter transmisi SNR dan juga RSSI telah bernilai di dalam batas rentang yang dapat diterima LoRa dengan nilai SNR terkecil sebesar -18,5 dB dan terbesar 5 dB dan nilai RSSI terkecil sebesar -120 dB dan tertinggi -106 dB. Diperoleh juga delay dengan rata-rata sebesar 0.248 detik.

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A generator set which is also known as a genset is a device that can produce electricity by consuming various kinds of fuel. Genset is commonly used in places where there is no access to electricity, be that because of a power outage or because of an isolated location that has no access to electricity. The ability to monitor and operate genset from afar might be a useful tool to simplify the maintenance and usage of genset over a distance. In this thesis, the writer has designed and implemented a prototype of a device that can monitor and operate genset from afar using Internet of Things (IoT) with LoRaWAN and Antares as its method of communication. The device was tested and connected with a genset and has the capability to turn a genset on and off again through a phone application connected to the internet. The device also has the capability of observing several parameters which are temperature, fuel level, genset’s battery voltage, and the genset’s output voltage itself. From the measured data it is obtained that the AC voltage sensor has an inaccuracy of 7,9%, the DC voltage sensor has an inaccuracy of 9,02%, the temperature sensor has an inaccuracy of 11,11%, and the ultrasonic sensor has an inaccuracy of 13,79%. The result from measurement shows that SNR has a minimum of -18,5 dB and maximum value of 5 dB and that RSSI has a minimum value of -120 dBm and maximum value of -106 dB, both of those parameters barely fulfill the threshold range required by LoRa. The delay also has an average of 0.248 seconds."

"Indonesia saat ini sedang menghadapi wabah virus COVID-19 dan penyakit tuberkulosis yang semakin meningkat sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya kekurangan tenaga medis khususnya pada unit pulmonologi. Untuk membantu mengurangi beban kerja tenaga medis, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian terhadap implementasi Telehealth berbasis Internet of Things. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang prioritas implementasi Telehealth berbasis Internet of Things pada unit pulmonologi rumah sakit dengan mempertimbangkan kriteria penerapan IoT. Penelitian ini menggunakan integrasi metode Fuzzy AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process), dan metode COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment). Metode Fuzzy AHP digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepentingan kriteria maupun sub-kriteria dalam pertimbangan penerapan Internet of Things pada unit pulmonologi rumah sakit swasta di Jakarta. Penggunaan metode COPRAS sebagai metode pemeringkatan prioritas alternatif IoT yang dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu berupa urutan prioritas implementasi dari 4 alternatif IoT berdasarkan tingkat signifikansi utilitasnya untuk digunakan pada unit pulmonologi rumah sakit swasta di Jakarta.

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Indonesia is currently facing the COVID-19 virus and tuberculosis outbreaks which affecting the healthcare staff's shortages, especially in the pulmonology unit. To reduce the healthcare staff's workload, it is considered necessary to research Telehealth's implementation based on the Internet of Things. This paper aims to design priority of the Telehealth based Internet of Things implementation in hospital pulmonology units with the IoT application criteria consideration using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Approach. This paper uses the combination of the Fuzzy AHP method (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and the COPRAS (Complex Proportional Assessment) method. Fuzzy AHP method is used to assess the importance level of the criteria and sub-criteria for IoT implementation in one of Jakarta's private hospitals. COPRAS method is used as an alternative priority ranking method for applying the Internet of Things to improve healthcare services. This paper obtains four alternative IoT priority order based on its utility for one of Jakarta's private hospital pulmonology unit."

"Internet of Things (IoT) dapat menjadi salah satu solusi bagi rumah sakit untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas layanan operasional. Akan tetapi, dengan adanya hambatan teknis dan non-teknis seperti biaya, organisasi, dan pengalaman pengguna menyebabkan penerapan IoT tidak bisa dilakukan secara langsung di semua bagian di rumah sakit. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat prioritaspemilihanunit di rumah sakit dalam rangka penerapan Internet of Things (IoT) berdasarkan performa unit saat ini untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanan operasional kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial And Evaluation Laboratory) berbasis ANP (Analytic Network Process) untuk melihat secara detail pengaruh dan bobot dari faktor yang mempengaruhi penerapan Internet of Things di rumah sakit. Selain itu, metode VIKORRUG (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje for Ranking Unimproved Gap) juga digunakan untuk melihat kesenjangan kinerja pada 9 unit rumah sakit di Jakarta.Pada hasil akhir, ditemukan bahwa unit One-Day-Care adalah unit yang menjadi prioritas pertama dalam penerapan teknologi IoT di rumah sakit.

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Internet of Things (IoT) can be a solution for hospitals to improve the efficiency and quality of operational services. However, with technical and non-technical barriers such as costs, organization, and experience of users using IoT, it cannot be done directly in all parts of the hospital. For this reason, this study aimsto make a framework to prioritize hospital units to implementthe Internet of Things (IoT) based on current performance.

This research using the DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial And Evaluation Laboratory) based ANP(Analytical Network Process) methodto see more about detail and calculate the influence weight between factors. In addition, the VIKORRUG method (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje for Ranking Unimproved Gap) was also used to look at performance gaps in 9 units in hospitalat Jakarta. As a final results, it was found that the One-Day-Care unit was the unit that was the first priority in the application of technology in hospitals."