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"Gempa bumi, salah satu bencana alam yang sering terjadi di Indonesia dan sering memakan banyak korban jiwa. Sistem peringatan dini terbukti efektif untuk mengurangi jumlah korban jiwa akibat gempa bumi ataupun bencana susulan lainya. Perangkat Internet-of-things berbasis seluler dapat digunakan sebagai perangkat peringatan dini untuk mendeteksi gempa bumi.Ketika banyak perangkat pendeteksi kejadian secara bersamaan melakukan transmisi ke jaringan seluler maka akan terjadi bursty transmission yang mengakibatkan kongesti pada jaringan seluler. Kongesti yang terjadi mengakibatkan peningkatan delay dan penuruan success probability pada prosedur random access jaringan seluler yang dapat mengurangi efektifitas sistem deteksi dini. Pengaturan preamble pada access class dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi dampak kongesti yang terjadi.

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Earthquakes, one of the natural disasters that often occur in Indonesia and often take many lives. The early warning system has proven to be effective in reducing the number of casualties due to earthquakes or other aftershocks. Cellular-based Internet-of-things devices can be used as early warning devices to detect earthquakes. When multiple incident detection devices are simultaneously transmitting to the cellular network, bursty transmission will occur, resulting in congestion on the cellular network. The congestion that occurs results in an increase in delay and a decrease in success probability in random access cellular network procedures which can reduce the effectiveness of the early detection system. Preamble settings on access classes can be used to reduce the impact of congestion that occurs."

"Pada penelitian ini membahas sistem pemantauan pada stairlift menggunakan internet of things (IoT), di mana sistem tertanam dalam fisik stairlift menggunakan sensor yang dipasang pada komponen stairlift dan kemudian diintegrasikan ke dalam platform IoT cloud (thingspeak) melalui jaringan internet. Akuisisi data fisis multi-sensor dapat berjalan, banyak informasi yang dapat diakses seperti: temperature motor, kecepatan, beban penumpang, konsumsi daya, getaran bearing dan getaran motor. Sistem pemantauan dapat berjalan secara real time, sehingga membuat pemantauan terpusat dan kegagalan operasi stairlift dapat dicegah sedini mungkin melalui early warning system (EWS) via Telegram. Selain itu, sistem ini dapat memberikan dukungan analisis teknis dalam mengembangkan prototype stairlift di masa mendatang. Berdasarkan analisis hasil pemantauan yang diperoleh, prototype stairlift layak dikembangkan untuk skala industri, secara operasional memenuhi ASME A18.1, ISO 10816 dan ISO 2372. Hal ini ditunjukkan dalam ujicoba variasi beban penumpang hingga maksimum 115 kg diperoleh kecepatan maksimum rata-rata <0,2 m/s, temperature motor <74,6 ˚C, konsumsi daya <600 watt, acceleration getaran bearing <0,5 g'peak dan kecepatan getaran motor (RMS) <4,5 m/s. Namun masih dibutuhkan improvement pada sistem teknis operasional prototype stairlift diantaranya temperature motor, konsumsi daya dan kecepatan agar dapat berjalan stabil.

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This research discusses monitoring systems on stairlift using internet of things (IoT), where the system embedded in the physical stairlift uses sensors that are mounted on the stairlift component and then integrated into the IoT cloud platform (thingspeak) via the internet network. Multi-sensor physical data acquisition can run, a lot of information that can be accessed such as: motor temperature, speed, passenger load, power consumption, bearing vibration and motor vibration. The monitoring system can run in real time, thus making centralized monitoring and failure of stairlift operations preventable as early as possible through the early warning system (EWS) via Telegram. In addition, this system can provide technical analysis support in developing stairlift prototypes in the future. Based on the analysis of the monitoring results obtained, the prototype stairlift is suitable for industrial scale development, operationally compliant with ASME A18.1, ISO 10816 and ISO 2372. This is shown in the trial of passenger load variations up to a maximum of 115 kg obtained an average maximum speed <0, 2 m/s, motor temperature <74.6˚C, power consumption <600 watts, bearing vibration acceleration <0.5 g'peak and motor vibration speed (RMS) <4.5 m/s. However, improvements are still needed in the operational technical system of the prototype stairlift including motor temperature, power consumption and speed so that it can run stably."

"[ABSTRAKKrisis rupiah di tahun 1997-1999 adalah gejolak besar bagi ekonomi Indonesia dimana pertumbuhan ekonomi anjlok, sistem perbankan lumpuh, diikuti dengan konsekuensi sosial dan politik yang pahit. Diyakini jika otoritas moneter daan pembuat kebijakan lainnya dapat mengantisipasi krisis tersebut, segala konsekuensi yang tidak diinginkan tersebut dapat dikurangi dan mungkin dihindari.Sistem pendeteksian dini untuk krisis rupiah diharapkan dapat memberi waktu para pembuat kebijakan untuk mengantisipasi datangnya krisis. Namun salah satu faktor sukses yang kritikal dalam pembentukan sistem tersebut adalah seleksi indikator.Penelitian ini menerapkan Indication & Warning Intelligence (I&W)untuk sistem pendeteksian dini krisis rupiah dengan produk akhir berupa set indikator yang dianggap efektif memprediksi krisis rupiah. Dengan I&W diseleksi lima indikator, yang selanjutnya diuji keefektifannya dengan metode regresi logit, yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat tiga indikator yang dapat memprediksi krisis rupiah secara signifikan yang adalah: 1) Real Effective Exchange Rate, 2) Deposit Money Bank?s Foreign Asset Growth, dan 3) Inflasi.

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ABSTRACTCurrency crisis in Indonesia that took place in 1997-1999 was a major shock to the economy which plunge the growth, collapse the banking system with its bitter social and political consequences. It is acknowledged that if the monetary authority could anticipate such shock, the result would not be as devastating, it could be far lessen, and hopefully avoided.Early warning system for currency crisis is crucial for policy makers to anticipate the coming crisis with enough preparation. One of the most important factor in framing that system is indicators selection.This research apply Indication & Warning Intelligence (I&W) to early warning system of rupiah crisis with indicator set as its end product. With I&W five indicators are selected, which underwent further significance test with logistic regression method. This method results in three indicators being the most effective in predicting rupiah crisis, namely: 1) Real Effective Exchange Rate, 2) Deposit Money Bank?s Foreign Asset Growth, and 3) Inflation.;Currency crisis in Indonesia that took place in 1997-1999 was a major shock to the economy which plunge the growth, collapse the banking system with its bitter social and political consequences. It is acknowledged that if the monetary authority could anticipate such shock, the result would not be as devastating, it could be far lessen, and hopefully avoided.Early warning system for currency crisis is crucial for policy makers to anticipate the coming crisis with enough preparation. One of the most important factor in framing that system is indicators selection.This research apply Indication & Warning Intelligence (I&W) to early warning system of rupiah crisis with indicator set as its end product. With I&W five indicators are selected, which underwent further significance test with logistic regression method. This method results in three indicators being the most effective in predicting rupiah crisis, namely: 1) Real Effective Exchange Rate, 2) Deposit Money Bank’s Foreign Asset Growth, and 3) Inflation., Currency crisis in Indonesia that took place in 1997-1999 was a major shock to the economy which plunge the growth, collapse the banking system with its bitter social and political consequences. It is acknowledged that if the monetary authority could anticipate such shock, the result would not be as devastating, it could be far lessen, and hopefully avoided.Early warning system for currency crisis is crucial for policy makers to anticipate the coming crisis with enough preparation. One of the most important factor in framing that system is indicators selection.This research apply Indication & Warning Intelligence (I&W) to early warning system of rupiah crisis with indicator set as its end product. With I&W five indicators are selected, which underwent further significance test with logistic regression method. This method results in three indicators being the most effective in predicting rupiah crisis, namely: 1) Real Effective Exchange Rate, 2) Deposit Money Bank’s Foreign Asset Growth, and 3) Inflation.]"

"ABSTRAKSetiap permintaan koneksi yang terjadi di jaringan seluler perlu melewati prosedur random access. Dalam jaringan 5G, terdapat minimal tiga layanan yaitu mMTC, eMBB, dan URLLC. Setiap layanan yang ada pada jaringan 5G dapat dibagi-bagi resource yang ada dengan menggunakan teknologi network slicing. Resource yang digunakan dalam prosedur random access yaitu preamble. Preamble dikonfigurasikan untuk setiap slice agar mencapai kebutuhan tiap layanan yang ada. Selain preamble, performa dari jaringan ditentukan oleh jumlah transmisi dan durasi backoff window, semakin besar kedua variabel tersebut maka jumlah perangkat yang dapat dilayani akan semakin banyak. Tetapi semakin banyak jumlah transmisi dapat menyebabkan borosnya daya yang dipakai dan semakin lama durasi backoff window menyebabkan delay yang tinggi. Pengaturan jumlah preamble, jumlah transmisi, dan lamanya backoff window pada masing-masing slice diperlukan untuk memenuhi kriteria yang diperlukan agar mendapatkan performa yang baik.

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ABSTRACT

Every connection request that occurs on a cellular network needs to go through a random access procedure. In the 5G network, there are at least three services namely mMTC, eMBB, and URLLC. Every service on the 5G network can be shared with existing resources using network slicing technology. The used resource in the random access procedure is preamble. The preamble is configured for each slice to meet the needs of each existing service. Besides the preamble, the performance of the network is determined by the number of transmissions and the duration of the backoff window, the larger the two variables, the more devices can be served. But the greater number of transmissions can increase power usage and the longer duration of the backoff window causes a high delay. Setting the number of preambles, the number of transmissions, and the length of backoff window in each slice is needed to meet the criteria needed to get good performance.

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"ABSTRAK

Sistem deteksi intrusi merupakan sistem peringatan ketika ada percobaan serangan pada jaringan komputer, dengan memberikan informasi log aktivitas mencurigakan yang dapat dianalisis dan ditindaklanjuti dalam bentuk respon untuk melindungi sistem dari ancaman sebelum menyebabkan dampak lebih besar. Secara teknis, penentuan prioritas penanganan intrusi berdasarkan pada severity yang ditentukan oleh sistem atau denganskor kerentanan. Namun ada hal lain yang menjadi isu, yaitu urgensi dari sektor strategis sebagai pertahanan nasional dalam pengamanan fasilitas, jaringan, aset berbasis informasi dan fisik yang diatur oleh suatu negara dengan menetapkan sektor strategis sebagai sektor prioritas yang wajib dilindungi saat terjadi insiden sebelum berdampak lebih besar.

Pada penelitian ini, kami melakukan evaluasi beberapa metode penentuan prioritas yang diimplementasikan pada model respon yang digunakan, yaitu berdasarkan konsep manajemen waktu 4 kuadran yang telah digunakan oleh peneliti sebelumnya dengan data pengujian berupa data intrusi berbasis snort. Metode penentuan respon yang dievaluasi antara lain metode severity berdasarkan sistem deteksi intrusi berbasis snort yang disebut snort priority, rating threshold yaitu skor kerentanan, dan metode perhitungan indikator & kriteria (critical & urgent). Seiring dengan urgensi dari sektor strategis, maka pada pengujiannya metode indikator & kriteria dititik beratkan pada target yang terdaftar sebagai sektor strategis.

Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa metode indikator dan kriteria sebagai faktor penentu prioritas lebih detil sehingga cukup efektif untuk diterapkan dengan model respon pada data pengujian. Selain itu, dengan metode snort priority dan rating threshold penentuan prioritas tidak memperhatikan apakah target intrusi merupakan sektor strategis atau bukan karena prioritas berdasarkan pada dampak yang telah didefinisikan oleh sistem. Namun dengan metode perhitungan indikator dan kriteria, faktor penting yang melibatkan target sektor strategis dapat didefinisikan sebagai salah satu indikator prioritas untuk menentukan kriteria critical sehingga penanganan intrusi dapat diprioritaskan lebih tinggi.

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ABSTRACT

The intrusion detection system is a warning system when there is an attempted attack on a computer network. It provides suspicious activity log information that can be analyzed and acted on in the form of a response to protect the system from threats before causing a more significant impact. Technically, determining the priority of intrusion handling is based on severity determined by the system or vulnerability scoring. However, some issues become internal issues. A country regulates the urgency of the critical sector as a national defense in securing information-based and physical facilities, networks, and assets by establishing the critical sector as a priority sector that must be protected when an incident occurs before it has a more significant impact.

In this study, we evaluated some priority determination methods implemented in the response model used, based on the 4-quadrant time management concept used by previous researchers with test data in the form of snort-based intrusion data. The response determination methods evaluated include severity based on a snort-based intrusion detection system called snort priority, rating threshold, i.e., vulnerability score, and the purpose of calculating indicators & criteria (critical & urgent). Along with the urgency of the critical sector, the testing of indicator methods and criteria has emphasized on the targets listed as critical sectors.

This study concludes that indicator methods and criteria as determinants of priorities are more detailed so that they are effective enough to apply with response models in test data. Besides, the snort priority method and the threshold rating determination of priorities do not pay attention to whether the intrusion target is a critical sector or not because of the priority based on the impact that has been defined by the system. But with the method of calculating indicators and criteria, important factors involving critical sector targets can be identified as one of the priority indicators to determine critical criteria so that intrusion will be handling prioritized."

"Early Warning Score (EWS) merupakan suatu proses sistematis untuk mengevaluasi dan mendeteksi dini kondisi abnormal pasien dengan mengukur parameter klinis pasien. Kurangnya identifikasi kegawatan sejak dini dapat mengakibatkan angka kematian yang tinggi dan rendahnya mutu pelayanan keperawatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan perawat tentang Early Warning Score (EWS). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif cross sectional dengan tehnik total sampling. Total responden sebanyak 58 di RSKB Cinta Kasih Tzu Chi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan memakai analisa data univariat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan responden yang berpengetahuan baik sebanyak 23 orang (39,7%) dan responden yang berpengetahuan cukup sebanyak 35 orang (60,3%). Dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa responden yang berpengetahuan baik lebih sedikit daripada responden yang berpengetahuan cukup. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut peneliti merekomendasikan untuk diadakan program pelatihan tentang EWS di rumah sakit. Pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan perawat tentang EWS, sehingga kegawatan pada pasien dapat diidentifikasi sejak dini dan pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan mutu keperawatan.

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Early Warning Score (EWS) is a sistematic process to evaluate and to identify patient deterioration based on clinical parameters. The lack of early detection caused into patient deterioration even high mortality and decrease quality of nursing care services. The aim of this study was to identify description level of nursing knowledge about Early Warning Score (EWS). The method was descriptive cross sectional study with total sample. The respondents were 58 nurses in RSKB Cinta kasih Tzu Chi. The data was collected by questionaire with univariat analysis. The results, show that the level of knowledge was in medium level knowledge. Respondents have a good level knowledge were 23 (39,7%). Respondent who have medium level knowledge were 35 (60,3%). The result of this study recommend that EWS training is needed for nurses in RSKB Tzu Chi hospital. By this training a good capability of nurses to do early detection can be develop, so the quality of nursing care services can be improved."

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Kondisi pasien selama di Instalasi Gawat Darurat dapat mengalami perburukan, sehingga perlu melakukan deteksi dini dengan Early Warning Score yang harus dilaksanakan sesuai dengan Standar Prosedur Operasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi perawat mengenai kesesuaian pelaksanaan Early Warning Score. Penelitian deskriptif ini menggunakan purposive sampling yang melibatkan 70 perawat di Instalasi Gawat Darurat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 44 perawat (62,9%) telah mempersepsikan dirinya melaksanakan Early Warning Score sesuai Standar Prosedur Operasional. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi data awal untuk penelitian selanjutnya dan menjadi evaluasi bagi perawat dalam pelaksanaan Early Warning Score sesuai Standar Prosedur Operasional di Rumah Sakit.

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The condition of the patient while in the Emergency Department can be deteriorating, so it is necessary to conduct early detection with an Early Warning Score which must be carried out in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures. This study aims to determine the perceptions of nurses regarding the suitability of the implementation of Early Warning Score. This descriptive study used purposive sampling involving 70 nurses in the Emergency Department. The results of this study indicate that 44 nurses (62.9%) have perceived themselves to be implementing Early Warning Score according to the Standard Operating Procedures. This research is expected to be preliminary data for further research and can be used as evaluation for nurses in implementing Early Warning Score according to the Standard Operating Procedures at the hospital.

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"Early Warning System EWS merupakan alat skoring yang digunakan untuk memantau kondisi pasien di ruang perawatan maupun di Instalasi Gawat Darurat IGD. Pada IGD yang cenderung overcrowded dan memiliki arus perpindahan pasien yang lambat penggunaan EWS digunakan untuk memantau kondisi pasien melalui tanda-tanda vital sehingga perburukan kondisi pasien dapat segera dikenali. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pengetahuan perawat tentang initial assessment dengan penatalaksanaan EWS. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif korelatif dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilakukan kepada 70 perawat IGD. Hasil menunjukan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan perawat terhadap initial assessment dengan penatalaksanaan EWS di IGD p= 0.001 yang menunjukan semakin tinggi tingkat pengetahuan perawat tentang EWS yang terdapat dalam initial assessment maka penatalaksanaan EWS yang dilakukan semakin baik, sehingga peningkatan pengetahuan melalui pelatihan perlu ditingkatkan agar penatalaksanaan EWS yang baik dapat dilaksanaakan secara menyeluruh.

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Early warning system EWS is a physiological scoring to observe the patients condition not only in hospital wards but also in Emergency Department ED. At an overcrowded ER that have slow of patient flow, EWS is use as an early detection of patients deterioration by observing the vital signs.

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between nurses knowledge of initial assessment and the application of EWS at emergency department. This is a quantitative study that used descriptive correlative with cross sectional design toward 70 emergency nurses.

The result showed there is a relationship between Nurses Knowledge of Initial Assessment and The Use of Early Warning System at Emergency Room p 0 .001 that show that the higher the level of nurses knowledge, their behavior is better. It is recommended to maintain the use of EWS in ED that already good through training regularly re sertification."

"Kondisi geografis Indonesia yang dilalui The Ring of Fire dan memiliki garis pantai sepanjang 95.181 KM (Pregiwati, 2019) menyebabkan Indonesia rawan akan bencana alam berupa letusan gunung api, tsunami, dan gempa bumi. Oleh sebab itu, dibutuhkan suatu early warning system (EWS) yang dapat memberikan informasi pemantauan kejadian alam di wilayah Indonesia agar masyarakat lebih siaga dalam menghadapi bencana alam. Sayangnya, EWS yang telah dimiliki Indonesia memiliki rating yang masih cukup rendah. Keluhan pengguna yang disampaikan melalui ulasan aplikasi pada App Store menunjukkan bahwa adanya kekurangan pada fitur aplikasi, desain antarmuka sistem, serta alur informasi yang tidak jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang desain interaksi aplikasi mobile EWS bencana alam sebagai pengembangan dari aplikasi sebelumnya yang dapat mengatasi keluhan-keluhan pengguna. Dalam pengembangan desain interaksi, digunakan metode design thinking. Dalam implementasinya, metode design thinking terdiri atas lima proses utama, yakni define, needfinding & synthesis, ideation, prototyping, dan testing. Dalam tahap define, dilakukan wawancara dengan responden yang ahli di bidang early warning system dan bencana alam Indonesia. Selanjutnya, pada tahap needfinding & synthesis, dilakukan wawancara dengan responden umum. Dari proses-proses tersebut, penelitian ini akan menghasilkan analisis fitur dan kebutuhan pengguna, stakeholder EWS di Indonesia, rumusan desain interaksi, serta penilaian evaluasi kegunaan (usability) dari rumusan desain yang telah dibuat. Fitur-fitur yang dikembangkan dalam aplikasi ini antara lain fitur geolokasi dan geotagging, fitur berita dan prediksi bencana alam, fitur pemberian ulasan dampak bencana, fitur notifikasi, fitur informasi tindakan penyelamatan, serta fitur informasi lokasi posko dan data korban. Penelitian ini dapat memberikan manfaat dalam meningkatkan wawasan dan pengetahuan pembaca terkait EWS untuk bencana alam serta menjadi produk acuan untuk pengembangan EWS Indonesia di masa yang akan datang.

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The geographical condition of Indonesia which is passed by The Ring of Fire and has a coastline of 95,181 KM (Pregiwati, 2019) causing Indonesia to be prone to natural disasters in the form of volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and earthquakes. Therefore, an early warning system (EWS) is needed to provide information on monitoring natural events which can help people be more alert. Unfortunately, Indonesia's early warning system has a fairly low rating. User complaints submitted through application reviews indicate that there are deficiencies in application features, system interface design, and unclear information flow. This study aims to design an interaction design for a natural disaster early warning system mobile application as a development of the previous one that can overcome user complaints. In the development of interaction design, the design thinking method is used. In its implementation, the design thinking method consists of five main processes, namely define, needfinding & synthesis, ideation, prototyping, and testing. In the stage define, interviews were conducted with respondents who are experts in the field of early warning systems and Indonesian natural disasters. Furthermore, at the needfinding & synthesis stage, interviews were conducted with general respondents. From these processes, this research will produce an analysis of user needs and features, stakeholder early warning system in Indonesia, formulation of interaction design, and usability evaluation assessment of the design formulation that has been made. The features developed in this application include geolocation and geotagging features, news and predictions of natural disasters features, features for providing disaster impact reviews, notification features, feature that provide information about rescue actions, and feature that provide information about post locations and victims data. This research can provide benefits in increasing the reader's insight and knowledge regarding the early warning system (EWS) for natural disasters and also being a reference product for the development of Indonesia's EWS in the future."

"Berdasarkan keputusan Rapat Kerja Kesehatan Nasional tahun 1990, dan dalam rangka mencegah dan memperkecil terjadinya letusan kejadian luar biasa klb diare, Departemen Kesehatan telah menetapkan Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Sistem Kewaspadaan Dini Kejadian Luar Biasa Penyakit Menular dan Keracunan dimana didalamnya termasuk klb diare. Namun demikian letusan klb diare dari tahun ke tahun masih tetap terjadi dengan frekuensi yang cukup tinggi.Pelaksanaan SKD-KLB Penyakit Menular ini, titik beratnya berada di tingkat Kabupaten dan Kota. Dengan demikian Pelaksanaan SKD-KLB Penyakit Menular di tingkat Kabupaten harus ditingkatkan Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan pelaksanaan SKD-KLB ini di tingkat Kabupaten adalah dengan Cara menyajikan data kajadian kasus diare dan faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi terjadinya letusan klb diare. Dalam bentuk yang dapat memberikan kemudahan kepada pengambil keputusan di tingkat Kabupaten menginterprestasikan data tersebut sehingga dengan cepat dan tepat menentukan langkah-langkah mencegah meningkatnya kejadian diare menjadi KLB.Studi ini merancang suatu metode SKD-KLB Diare berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) di Kabupaten Pandeglang dengan menggunakan program aplikasi Epi Info dan Epi Map. Dengan diterapkannya model ini, akan memudahkan petugas pemberantasan penyakit menular, dalam hal ini diare, di Kabupaten Pandeglang dalam mengamati kemungkinan terjadinya klb diare di suatu kecamatan tertentu .Studi ini melingkupi tahapan definisi sistem yaitu penjajagan sistem yang ada serta menganalisa informasi yang di manfaatkan serta menentukan sistem yang diperlukan. Langkah berikutnya adalah desain fisik yaitu menentukan susunan file, format input, pengembangan grogram dan pengernbangan prosedur.Studi ini telah berhasil merancang Sistem Kewaspadaan Dini Kejadian Luar Biasa Diare di Kabupaten Pandeglang. Selanjutnya di sarankan agar Sistem ini dapat di pergunakan dan di terapkan di semua Kabupaten dan Kota.

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Based on the result of National Health Workshop held in 1990, Ministry of Health declared the Guidance for the implementation of Communicable Diseases and Poinsoning Outbreak early Warning System to prevent and to control the possibility of the eruption of communicable diseases and Poinsoning outbreak.

Even though, the MOH had declared the Guidance, there were still diarhoea outbreak happened all over the country. There for the implementation of the Outbreak Early Warning System should be intensified.

Since the back bone of the system is the Regency Health Service, the capability of the decision maker in Regency Health Service should be improved they should have the easiness in making interpretation on the data just by having a glance on it, whether there will be an outbreak or not. It can be done by having the picture of cases distribution by area. There for the Regencies Health Services should be accommodated with the early warring system based on Geographic Information System. The problem is how the system should be. To overcome the problem, there is a system developed based on geographic information system by using Epi Info and Epi Map application program. The system was developed through several steps. Firstly designed the system by examining the existing system, information needed and drawing the flow of the information. Secondly, designed the physical system itself by defining the files needed, format of the input and output, mechanism of system maintenance and conducting working procedure. Unfortunately, due to time limitation, there was no chance to have the system tried out.

It is suggested that the system should be tried out and it would be useful if every regency and municipality can use and operate the system in order to know whether the condition in the regency is almost close to the outbreak of diarhoea or not."