Kemiskinan adalah masalah utama yang dihadapi oleh negara-negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Banyak program yang telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk mengurangi kemiskinan. Salah satu program yang diperkenalkan oleh pemerintah pada tahun 2007 adalah Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), sebuah program transfer tunai bersyarat (Conditional Cash Transfer) yang menyediakan uang tunai kepada para penerima manfaat dari Program Keluarga Harapan dalam kondisi yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Namun dalam perjalanannya, ada banyak hal yang masih perlu ditingkatkan dari program bantuan tunai bersyarat ini di Indonesia. Salah satunya adalah sejumlah besar rumah tangga tidak miskin yang mendapat manfaat dari PKH, walaupun sebenarnya penerima program PKH di Indonesia dirancang untuk rumah tangga miskin. Studi ini menganalisis faktor-faktor apa yang menyebabkan rumah tangga yang tidak miskin menerima manfaat dari program Transfer Tunai Bersyarat. Hasil yang diperoleh dari model Probit Logit menggunakan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) pada tahun 2013, 2014 dan 2017, menunjukkan bahwa tinggal di daerah pedesaan, usia tua, dan memiliki banyak anggota keluarga secara signifikan mempengaruhi penerimaan manfaat dari Program PKH (CCT).
Poverty is a major problem faced by developing countries like Indonesia. Many programs have been implemented by the Indonesian government to reduce poverty. One plan that was introduced by the government in 2007 is called Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH), a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program that provides cash to beneficiaries of the Program Keluarga Harapan initiative under predetermined conditions. But in its journey, there are many things that still need to be improved from this conditional cash transfer program in Indonesia. One of them is a large number of non-poor households that benefited from the PKH initiative, even though the conditions for recipients of the PKH program in Indonesia were designed for poor households. This study analyzed what factors caused non-poor households to receive benefits from the Conditional Cash Transfer program. The results obtained from the Probit Logit Regression model using National Socio-Economic Survey ( Susenas ) data in 2013, 2014 and 2017, demonstrated that living in a rural area, old age, and having many family members significantly influenced the disbursement of benefits from the PKH (CCT) program.
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This study found that the economic status of the population in quintile one (Q1) and quintile two (Q2) is the largest group of people who do not have health insurance. The results of the first stage of analysis show that DKI Jakarta residents prefer privately-run health facilities for outpatient utilization, while government-operated health facilities are slightly superior for inpatient utilization. Residents who have JKN will use it for outpatient and inpatient utilization. The results of the second stage showed that the out-of-pocket cash health expenditure of people with national health insurance (JKN) was lower than that of people without health insurance. Residents who have dual/combination health insurance (JKN and private) when utilizing health services are using private health insurance. The higher the economic status of the population, the higher their health expenditure. This study suggests that the government should pay close attention to the coverage of health insurance among people with low economic status. It also needs to encourage people to make more use of JKN when utilizing outpatient and inpatient care in order to further reduce financial risk, especially for people with vulnerable household members."