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"ABSTRACTUric acid as the final result of purine bases metabolism. In high level condition, uric acid enters the cell and act as oxidant, and acts as independent risk factor and predicts the incident of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It may directly inactivate or through oxidative reaction that lower the nitric oxide (NO) level. Lower NO level will reduce insulin uptake in tissues and reduce in GLUT4 translocation in cell that will effect the blood glucose level. The High level of uric acid or hyperuricemia makes oxidative stress by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which interferes the insulin signalling pathway,creates inflammatory state that reduced the insulin sensitivity,blood glucose uptake and metabolism, also reducing the insulin production from pancreatic islet cells."

"Urolithiasis refers to formation of stone in the kidney, ureter, or bladder. Several studies showed metabolic abnormalities were common in urolithiasis patients. The aim of this study was to describe the association between body-mass-index (BMI), serum uric acid, serum glucose, and blood pressure toward stone opacity in urinary tract stone patients. This study was done retrospectively by reviewing registry data of urinary tract stone patients that had undergone ESWL on January 2008 - December 2013 in Department of Urology Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Data concerning body mass inde, serum uric acid, serum glucose, blood pressure, and urinary tract stone opacity were recorded. Associations between body mass index, serum uric acid, serum glucose and blood pressure with urinary tract stone opacity were analyzed using chi-square test. There were 2,889 patients who underwent ESWL on January 2008-December 2013. We analyzed 242 subjects with complete data. Mean age was +-12.78 (48.02 years). Male -to-female ratio was 2.27:1 Mean BMI was +-3.78 (29.91 kg/m2). High risk BMIs were found in 161 patients (66.52%). The proportion of radioopaque stone was 77.69% (188 patients). Twenty two patients (9.1%) had normal blood pressure. Patients with high serum uric were 34.30% (83 patients). We found a significant association between random serum glucose level and stone opacity (p<0.05). There is an association between random serum glucose level and stone opacity in urolithiasis patients. Hyperglycemia patients tend to have radiolucent stone, whereas normoglycemia patients tend to have radioopaque stone."

"Dalam dunia pengobatan, bahan alam dapat digunakan sebagai upaya preventif, promotif, maupun rehabilitatif. Diduga, kandungan isoflavon dalam susu kacang kedelai sebagai senyawa yang berkhasiat untuk menurunkan kadar asam urat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan secara ilmiah efek pemberian susu kacang kedelai terhadap kadar asam urat darah tikus putih jantan yang dibuat hiperurisemia dengan kalium oksonat. Sejumlah 30 ekor tikus putih jantan Sprague-Dawley dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol normal dan perlakuan yang diberi larutan CMC 0,5% 3 mL/200 g bb tikus, kelompok pembanding yang diberi suspensi alopurinol 36 mg/200 g bb tikus, serta tiga kelompok bahan uji yang diberi susu kacang kedelai dengan dosis 1, 2, 3 berturut-turut yaitu 2,25 g, 4,5 g, dan 9 g kacang kedelai/200 g bb tikus/hari. Semua kelompok, kecuali kelompok kontrol normal, diinduksi kalium oksonat 50 mg/200 g bb tikus secara intraperitonial. Pengambilan sampel darah pada hari ke delapan dilakukan 2 jam setelah induksi. Pengukuran kadar asam urat dalam plasma dilakukan dengan metode kolorimetri enzimatik dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 520 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa susu kacang kedelai 2,25 g/hari dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat tikus (p < 0,05) dengan efektivitas sebesar 25,58%.

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In therapeutics world, natural materials can be used as a preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative. Presumably, the content of isoflavones in soy milk as a nutritious compounds for lowering uric acid levels. The purpose of this study is to prove scientifically the effect of giving soy milk on blood uric acid levels of male white rats which made hyperuricemia by potassium oxonate. A number of 30 Sprague-Dawley male white rats were divided into 6 groups: normal control group and treatment control group were given 3 mL/200 g body weight (bw) of rat of 0,5% CMC solution, a comparison group who were given 36 mg/200 g bw of rat of allopurinol's suspension, and the three groups of test substance fed soy milk with a dose of 1, 2, 3 in a row 2,25 g, 4,5 g, and 9 g of soybean/200 g bw of rat/day. All groups, except the normal control group, induced by potassium oxonate 50 mg/200 g bw of rat via intraperitonial. Blood sampling was performed on the eighth day 2 hours after induction. Measurement of plasma levels of uric acid was done with the enzymatic colorimetric method performed with a spectrophotometer UV-Vis at 520 nm wavelength. The results showed that soy milk 2,25 g/day can reduce uric acid levels of rats (p < 0,05) with the effectiveness of 25,58%."

"Handajani NS, Dharmawan R. 2009. Effect of VCO to leucocyte differential count, glucose levels and blood creatinine ofhyperglycemic and ovalbumin sensitized Mus musculus Balb/c. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 1-8. Chemical medicines and insulin candecrease blood glucose level in hyperglycemic patients with a macro vascular side effect. Diabetes and allergy incidences are influencedby quality and quantity of leucocytes. Lauric acid within VCO reports decreased blood glucose level of diabetes and some allergyincidents. The purpose of the study is to know the effect of VCO on blood glucose level, differential leucocytes count and bloodcreatinine level on hyperglycemic and normoglycemic ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Forty-five (45) male (mice) of Mus musculus Balb/cwith an average weight of 35 g are divided into nine groups with five repetitions; those are four non-alloxan groups and five alloxaninduced hyperglycemic groups. On 22nd day to 36th day, they are sensitized to ovalbumin as an allergen. A blood sample was obtainedby orbital vena using heparin as anticoagulant in order measuring blood glucose level by GOD method to 6 times, on 1st, 4th, 18th, 22nd,32nd and 37th days, then are tested by ANOVA followed by DMRT 0.05. On 37th day, differential leucocytes are determined, blood levelare counted, and then compared to normal value. The results of this study were that within differential leucocytes count ofhyperglycemic mice, neutrophil percentage were much lower than the normal value (3.22%), and lymphocyte percentage were muchhigher than the normal value (94.54%). Consumed 0.003 mL/35 g VCO more 18 days decreased blood glucose level on hyperglycemicmice, decreased basophil percentage of ovalbumin-sensitized mice, normalized neutrophil percentage no increased creatinine bloodlevel. "

"Latar Belakang. 10% nelayan mengalami dehidrasi, sehingga berefek pada gangguan sekeresi metabolit seperti asam urat. Nelayan merupakan pekerjaan yang rentan terkena pajanan tekanan panas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektifitas suplementasi air kelapa kemasan dalam mengembalikan status hidrasi dan penurunan kadar asam urat pada nelayan. Metode. Desain penelitian ini adalah true experimental, comparison pre intervention-post intervention control group terhadap 2 kelompok perlakuan menggunakan randomisasi. Kelompok suplementasi air kelapa kemasan (n=20) dan kelompok suplementasi air mineral (n=20). Sebelum melaut para subjek dilakukan pemeriksaan berat jenis urin dan kadar asam urat darah. Kemudian setiap subjek diberikan cairan rehidrasi yang terdiri dari cairan intervensi (500 ml) dan cairan dasar (2000 ml). Segera setelah kembali melaut para nelayan kembali diperiksa asam urat, berat jenis urine, aktivitas fisik dan food recall 24 jam. Hasil. Tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata berat jenis urine post intervensi antara kelompok suplementasi air kelapa kemasan (1.009+0.007) dan kelompok air mineral (1.007+0.006) dengan nilai p=0.298. Tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata kadar asam urat post intervensi antara kelompok suplementasi air kelapa kemasan (3.52+1.15) dan kelompok air mineral (3.53+0.82) dengan nilai p=0.991. Simpulan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antar suplementasi air kelapa kemasan dan air mineral dalam mengembalikan status hidrasi dan menurunkan kadar asam urat.

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Background. 10% among fishermen got dehydration and can also cause shifting in uric acid excretion. This study want to know effectiveness of packaged coconut water supplementation in restoring hydration status and decrease blood uric acid levels compared to mineral water at fishermen. Methods. This study design was true experimental, comparison of postintervention for control and intervention group. 40 Fishermen were dividing into 2 treatment groups by randomization. The packaged coconut water group (n=20) and mineral water group (n=20). Before departing to sea, subjects must collect urine & blood sample for urine specific gravity (USG) and blood uric acid (UA), after that each subject was given rehydration fluid which contain supplemental (500ml) and basic needs fluids (2000ml). Immediately after returning from sea the fishermen were re-examined for UA & USG, also physical activity, and 24-hour food recall. Result. There are no significant mean different of urine specific gravity after intervention between packaged coconut water group (1,009+0.007) and mineral water group (1,007+0.006) with p value=0.298. There was no significant mean different of uric acid levels after intervention between packaged coconut water group (3.52+1.15) and mineral water group (3.53+0.82) with p value =0.991. The p value after intervention in both group showed a value of p>0.05. Conclusion. There were no significant differences between groups of packaged coconut water and mineral water to restore hydration status and reduce uric acid levels."

"Batu saluran kemih (BSK) didefinisikan sebagai pembentukan batu pada ginjal, ureter, atau kandung kemih. Beberapa penelitan menunjukkan bahwa ketidaknormalan parameter metabolik merupakan hal yang umum pada pasien BSK. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT), asam urat serum, glukosa serum, dan tekanan darah dengan opasitas batu pada pasien BSK. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan melihat data rekam medis dari pasien BSK yang menjalani prosedur ESWL pada Januari 2008-Desember 2013 di Departemen Urologi RS Cipto Mangunkusumo. Data yang yang diambil adalah indeks masa tubuh (IMT), kadar asam urat serum, glukosa serum, tekanan darah, dan opasitas BSK. Hubungan antara IMT, kadar asam urat serum, glukosa serum, dan tekanan darah, dengan opasitas batu dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Terdapat 2.889 pasien yang menjalani prosedur ESWL pada Januari 2008-Desember 2013. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 242 pasien yang memiliki rekam medis lengkap. Rerata usia adalah 48,02±12,78 tahun. Rasio laki-laki terhadap perempuan adalah 2,27:1. Rerata IMT adalah 29,91±3,78 kg/m2. IMT berisiko didapatkan pada 66,52% pasien. Proporsi batu radioopak adalah 77,69% (188 pasien). Dua puluh dua pasien (9,1%) memiliki tekanan darah normal. Pasien dengan kadar serum asam urat tinggi sebanyak 34,30% (83 pasien). Secara statistik didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar serum glukosa sewaktu dengan opasitas batu (p < 0,05). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar serum glukosa sewaktu dengan opasitas batu pada pasien BSK. Pasien hiperglikemia cenderung memiliki batu radiolusen. Sementara pasien normoglikemia cenderung memiliki batu radioopak.

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Urolithiasis refers to formation of stone in the kidney, ureter, or bladder. Several studies showed metabolic abnormalities were common in urolithiasis patients. The aim of this study was to describe the association between body-mass-index (BMI), serum uric acid, serum glucose, and blood pressure toward stone opacity in urinary tract stone patients. This study was done retrospectively by reviewing registry data of urinary tract stone patients that had undergone ESWL on January 2008-December 2013 in Department of Urology Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Data concerning body mass index, serum uric acid, serum glucose, blood pressure, and urinary tract stone opacity were recorded. Associations between body mass index, serum uric acid, serum glucose and blood pressure with urinary tract stone opacity were using chi-square test. There were 2,889 patients who underwent ESWL on January 2008-December 2013. We analyzed 242 subjects with complete data. Mean age was 48.02 (± 12.78 years). Male-to-female ratio was 2.27:1. Mean BMI was 29.91 (± 3.78) kg/m2. High risk BMIs were found in 161 patients (66.52%). The proportion of radioopaque stone was 77.69% (188 patients). Twenty two patients (9.1%) had normal blood pressure. Patients with high serum uric acid were 34.30 % (83 patients). We found a significant association between random serum glucose level and stone opacity (p < 0.05). There is significant association between random serum glucose level and stone opacity in urolithiasis patients. Hyperglycemia patients tend to have radiolucent stone, whereas normoglycemia patients tend to have radioopaque stone."

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Batu saluran kemih (BSK) didefinisikan sebagai pembentukan batu pada ginjal, ureter, atau kandung kemih. Beberapa penelitan menunjukkan bahwa ketidaknormalan parameter metabolik merupakan hal yang umum pada pasien BSK. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT), asam urat serum, glukosa serum, dan tekanan darah dengan opasitas batu pada pasien BSK. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara retrospektif dengan melihat data rekam medis dari pasien BSK yang menjalani prosedur ESWL pada Januari 2008 – Desember 2013 di Departemen Urologi RS Cipto Mangunkusumo. Data yang yang diambil adalah indeks masa tubuh (IMT), kadar asam urat serum, glukosa serum, tekanan darah, dan opasitas BSK. Hubungan antara IMT, kadar asam urat serum, glukosa serum, dan tekanan darah, dengan opasitas batu dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Terdapat 2.889 pasien yang menjalani prosedur ESWL pada Januari 2008 – Desember 2013. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 242 pasien yang memiliki rekam medis lengkap. Rerata usia adalah 48,02±12,78 tahun.  Rasio laki-laki terhadap perempuan adalah 2,27:1. Rerata IMT adalah 29,91±3,78 kg/m². IMT berisiko didapatkan pada 66,52% pasien.  Proporsi batu radioopak adalah 77,69% (188 pasien). Dua puluh dua pasien (9,1%) memiliki tekanan darah normal. Pasien dengan kadar serum asam urat tinggi sebanyak 34,30% (83 pasien). Secara statistik didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar serum glukosa sewaktu dengan opasitas batu (p < 0,05). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar serum glukosa sewaktu dengan opasitas batu pada pasien BSK. Pasien hiperglikemia cenderung memiliki batu radiolusen. Sementara pasien normoglikemia cenderung memiliki batu radioopak.

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Urolithiasis refers to formation of stone in the kidney, ureter, or bladder. Several studies showed metabolic abnormalities were common in urolithiasis patients. The aim of this study was to describe the association between body-mass-index (BMI), serum uric acid, serum glucose, and blood pressure toward stone opacity in urinary tract stone patients. This study was done retrospectively by reviewing registry data of urinary tract stone patients that had undergone ESWL on January 2008 – December 2013 in Department of Urology Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Data concerning body mass index, serum uric acid, serum glucose, blood pressure, and urinary tract stone opacity were recorded. Associations between body mass index, serum uric acid, serum glucose and blood pressure with urinary tract stone opacity were using chi-square test. There were 2,889 patients who underwent ESWL on January 2008 – December 2013. We analyzed 242 subjects with complete data. Mean age was 48.02 (± 12.78 years). Male-to-female ratio was 2.27:1. Mean BMI was 29.91 (± 3.78) kg/m². High risk BMIs were found in 161 patients (66.52%). The proportion of radioopaque stone was 77.69% (188 patients). Twenty two patients (9.1%) had normal blood pressure. Patients with high serum uric acid were 34.30 % (83 patients). We found a significant association between random serum glucose level and stone opacity (p < 0.05). There is significant association between random serum glucose level and stone opacity in urolithiasis patients. Hyperglycemia patients tend to have radiolucent stone, whereas normoglycemia patients tend to have radioopaque stone.

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"PMR adalah suatu prosedur untuk mendapatkan relaksasi pada otot melalui pemberian tegangan pada suatu kelompok otot dan menghentikan tegangan tersebut kemudian memusatkan perhatian untuk mendapatkan sensasi rileks. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah teridentifikasikannya pengaruh progressive muscle relaxation(PMR) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah (KGD) pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuasi eksperimen dengan pre and post with control group, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 15 orang responden. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya pengaruh PMR secara signifikan dalam menurunkan KGD pasien DMT2 di RSUD Raden Mattaher Jambi. Sedangkan variabel umur, jenis kelamin, penyakit penyerta, dan lama menderita DMT2 tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan rata-rata penurunan kadar glukosa darah setelah intervensi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi perawat untuk menjadikan PMR sebagai salah satu intervensi keperawatan mandiri dan memasukkan PMR dalam protap penatalaksanaan pasien DMT2.

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PMR was procedure to muscle relaxation, through stretching and relaxing the muscles followed by focus attention to create relaxation effect. The aim of this study was to identivy the effect of progressive muscle relaxation to decrease blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Raden Mattaher Hospital Jambi. The study used quasi-experimental with pre and post control group, each group consisted of 15 respondents. Data was analyzed by univariate and bivariate test.

The results showed that there was a significant effect of PMR in lowering blood glucose levels of DMT2 patients in Raden Mattaher Hospital Jambi. The variables of age, sex, comorbidities, and long-suffering DMT2 did not have a significant relationship with an average of blood glucose levels after providing intervention. The results could be an input for nurses to develop the PMR as an independent nursing intervention as a part of nurse management standard for DMT2 patients."

"Kadar asam urat diduga merupakan salah satu faktor resiko terjadinya batu saluran kemih. Hal tersebut berkaitan dengan adanya kristalisasi asam urat pada saluran kemih, yang berujung pada batu asam urat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat apakah ada hubungan antara kadar asam urat dengan kejadian batu asam urat pada pasien batu saluran kemih. Penelitian dilakukan di Departemen Urologi Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo pada Juni 2012 hingga Juni 2013 dengan menggunakan data rekam medis pasien tahun 2009-2011 sebanyak 102 sampel. Data yang diambil adalah kadar asam urat pasien yang dikelompokkan menjadi normal (≤6,8 mg/dL) dan tinggi (>6,8 mg/dL), serta hasil analisis batu saluran kemih, apakah terdapat batu asam urat atau tidak. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pada pasien dengan kadar asam urat normal, batu asam urat terjadi pada 33 dari 84 orang (39,3%), dan pada pasien dengan kadar asam urat tinggi terjadi pada 6 dari 18 orang (33,3%). Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan p=0,637, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar asam urat dengan kejadian batu asam urat.

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Uric acid level in blood is thought to be one of many risk factors in urolithiasis. It is related to the crystallization of uric acid in the urinary tract which will become uric acid stone. Objective of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between uric acid level in blood with uric acid stone occurrence or not. The study was done at Urology Department Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in June 2012 until June 2013, using 102 data from medical record year 2009-2011. Data used for study were uric acid level, which was categorized into normal (≤6,8 mg/dL) and high (>6,8 mg/dL), and stone analysis, whether there was uric acid or not. The results showed that uric acid stone occured in 33 of 84 patients (39,3%) with normal uric acid level, and in 6 of 18 patients (33,3%) with high uric acid level. Chi-square test showed that p=0,637, which proved that there was no correlation between uric acid level with uric acid stone occurrence."

"Tujuan : Mengetahui manfaat pemberian suplemen kreatin 4x5 g/hari selama 5 hari berturut-turut pada olahraga angkat beban terhadap kadar asam urat darah. Tempat : Pusat Kebugaran ?Fitness One? JI. Jenderal Gatot Subroto Jakarta.Penelitian eksperimen berpasangan dan tersamar ganda terhadap 34 siswa pria Sekolah Kesehatan TNI Angkaran Laut. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik subyek penelitian berdasarkan data demografi (umur), data antropometri (berat badan, tinggi badan, dan indeks massa tubuh), analisis asupan zat gizi dengan food recall 1x24 jam, data tekanan darah dan frekuensi denyut nadi, gambaran elektrokardiogram, dan data laboratorium ( Hemoglobin, SGOT, SGPT, Ureum, kreatinin darah, kreatinin urin, asam urat darah). Datadianalisis dan diuji dengan uji t berpasangan dan uji Wilcoxon.Hasil menunjukkan usia rata-rata 25,65 kurang lebih 3,77 tahun (kelompok kreatin) dan 26,24 kurang lebih 3,73 tahun (kelompok kontrol, IMT 23,76 kurang lebih 2,31 kg/m2 pada kelompokkreatin, 22,88 kurang lebih 2,14 kg/m2 pada kelompok kontrol. Asupan kalori rata-rata 3017(1796-4385) Kal/hari pada kelompok kreatin dan 3080(2056-4129) Kal/hari pada kelompok kontrol, dengan proporsi energi sesuai dengan menu gizi seimbang. Asupan purin pada kelompok kreatin 285,50(86,50-598,00) mg/hari dan kelompok kontrol 297(118,75-457,00) mg/hari. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara kelompok kreatin dengan kelompok kontrol dalam hal asupan energi, makronutrien, protein hewani, dan asupan purin. Fungsi sistem kardiovaskular, fungsi hati dan fungsi ginjal seluruh subyek dalam keadaan normal. Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna kadar kreatinin darah pada 2 jam pasca perlakuan antara kelompok kreatin (1,19 kurang lebih 0,09 mg/dL) dengan kelompok kontrol(1,08d kurang lebih 0,12 mg/dI,) dengan p=0,005, 24 jam pasca perlakuan pada kelompok kreatin (1,19 kurang lebih 0,11 mg/dL) dan kelompok kontrol (1,11 kurang lebih 0,15 mg/dl.) dengan p=0,04, peningkatan kadar kreatinin urin pasca perlakuan pada kelompok kreatin {457(-580-1179) mg/24jam} am kelompok kontrol 22 (-515-747) mg/24jam} dengan p=0,044, dan peningkatan kadar asam urat darah 2 jam pasca perlakuan pada kelompok kreatin {0,40(-0,40-3,40) mg/dL} dan kelompok kontrol {1,80(0,00-4,30) mg/dL) dengan p=0,024.Kesimpulan : Suplementasi kreatin 4x5 g/hari selama 5 hari berturut-turut dapat menghambat peningkatan kadar asam urat darah pada 2jam pasca latihan angkat beban."