Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRACTThis article looks at the issue of enforced disappearances of migrants during their migratory journey or once they have reached their destination, a subject yet to be addressed in the literature. It examines how the legal and analytical framework provided by international human rights law and migration law applies to enforced disappearances of migrants. It then reviews the factors that contribute to this phenomenon in different contexts, including the disappearance of migrants for political reasons, those that take place in detention and deportation processes and those that take place within the context of migrant smuggling and trafficking."

"On 21 November 2007, leaders of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) promulgated the ASEAN Charter (the Charter). Not only does it provide legal basis for ASEAN?s legal personality; it also provides new legal norms for its member states. One of those that need to be discussed is the establishment of ASEAN?s Human Rights Body (the Body). This obligation is stipulated in Article 14 of the Charter, which stresses the commitment of member nations to protect human rights. However, the establishment of the Body has faced numerous pessimistic opinions regarding the organisation?s capability to protect human rights considering its notorious reputation over this matter. The article is fosucing on some areas of concerns that need to be looked at to put the Body into operation. Some important lessons from the European Human Rights Body is examined as comparison."

"A critical discussion of EU and ECHR migration and refugee law, this book analyses the law on asylum and immigration of third country-nationals. It focuses on how the EU norms interact with ECHR human rights case law on migration, and the pitfalls of European human rights pluralism."

"This book analyzes, first part describes the soft threats to human rights, derived from the devaluation of the politics and the productive economy with regard to the finance. It entails the concealment of the reality in the shape of exploitation as the tax havens and in the shape of marginalization of the persons with different abilities. The second part include a study of hard threats to human rights and examines two cases of failed states, Afghanistan and Somalia, in which the violence has supplanted the politics and the economy. In view of these situations it is necessary to rethink the force of classic ius gentium and the humanitarian right. The third part presents the European Union as a legal and political space in which conditions of a worthy life are better defended by means of the primacy of practical reason and social state of law, and by the requirement of peace as the main rule of international relations. "

"Peperangan pada masa Nabi Muhammad merupakan lembaran sejarah peperangan yang pertama kali mereformasi kode etik perang menjadi beradab dan berprikemanusiaan. Kaidah-kaidah perang yang pernah diterapkan oleh Nabi Muhammad, seperti Iarangan membunuh orang yang tidak aktif berperang (non-combatant), larangan menghancurkan sumber penghidupan dan anjuran memperlakukan tawanan dengan baik, setidaknya menjadi fakta betapa Nabi Muhammad menjunjung tinggi nllai-nilai kehormatan manusia (human dignity) meskipun dalam kondisi perang. Akan tetapi masih banyak dari kalangan orientalis yang memiiiki persepsi negatif terhadap bentuk peperangan dan operasi militer Nabi Muhammad.Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana bentukbentuk perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia dan aturan perang yang pernah diterapkan oleh Nabi Muhammad. Selanjutnya, penulis juga ingin mengetahui apakah kebijakan-kebijakan Nabi yang terkait dengan peperangannya bertentangan dengan pasal-pasal Konvensi Jenewa (1949) berikut dua protokol tambahannya (1977) dan Konvensi Den Haag (1929). Penulisan thesis ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan paradigma kontruktivism. Fenomena peperangan yang terjadi pada masa Nabi Muhammad akan penulis pahami dari perspektif luar (other perspective) berdasakan pasal-pasal yang terdapat dalam konvensi tersebut. Adapun kerangka pemikiran dibangun dengan menggunakan Teori Perang dan Damai, Hukum Humaniter Internasional, dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Agenda perjanjian gencatan senjata, pengiriman delegasi ke luar negeri dan strategi Nabi Muhammad di medan perang, mempunyai arti yuridis yang sangat berharga dan secara tidak Iangsung mendukung cita-cita Hukum Humaniter Internasional, yaitu untuk meminimalisir jatuhnya korban dan menghindari kerusakan yang tidak perlu. Peperangan Nabi Muhammad sesungguhnya merupakan respons terhadap tindakan-tindakan resisten yang dilancarkan oleh lawan-lawan politiknya atau tindakan untuk mempertahankan diri (self defence) dari segala bentuk serangan. Instrumen kekerasan dipakai oleh Nabi jika memang upaya rekonsiliasi dengan musuh manual kegagalan.Dari uraian singkat di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bentuk-bentuk perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia yang diterapkan Nabi Muhammad dalam kondisi perang sejalan dengan ide-ide kemanusiaan seperti yang dikehendaki oleh Hukum Humaniter Internasional. Pada gilirannya fakta tersebut lambat laun menepis image Orientalis tentang pribadi Muhammad yang garang dan lebih senang berperang daripada berunding.

---

The history of war in the Prophet Muhammad era was the first reformation of the war ethic code to become more civilized and humanities. The principle of war that had ever been applied by the prophet Muhammad such as prohibition to kill non-combatant to destroy resources and suggestion to treat well a captivated people. At least these examples are becoming as a matter of facts that the prophet Muhammad glorified the principles of human dignity even in the battle. However. most of orientalists are still have a negative perception toward war formation and military operation at prophet Muhammad SAW.

The purpose of this thesis is know how the formations of protection of human rights and a rules of war which had been applied by the prophet Muhammad. Thus, I want to know that are the prophet policies have a contradiction with a clauses of Geneva Convention in 1949 and its two addition rules in 1977 and a Den Haag Convention dictates in 1929. This thesis uses a qualitative method with a constructive paradigm. I'd like to understand the war phenomenon that happened in Muhammad period from the other perspective relies on the clauses in that convention. Now, a frame work which is developed by using war and peace theory, International Humanitarian Law and Human rights. The agenda of truce agreement, dispatching a delegation to abroad and the prophet strategy in the battle have a priceless jurisdiction meaning and indirectly can be carry on the back of International Humanitarian Law-will. The mean to the minimize number of victim and avoid unnecessary destruction. Actually. war if the prophet Muhammad responded for resistant action from his political enemies or for self defense of any kind of attack. The violent instrument would be use by the prophet-lithe reconciliation effort to the enemy was failed.

The short or explanation above can be concluded. that the forms of Human Rights protection which had been applied by the prophet Muhammad in the war in compliance with humanity ideas as well orientalists image about Muhammad as a person who I fierce and prefer to wage war rather than to confer."

"Penelitian ini memfokuskan kepada kebijakan Australia yang dikenal dengan istilah Operation Sovereign Borders, terutama mengenai faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan Australia memberlakukan Operation Sovereign Borders dan hak-hak yang dilanggar di dalam melaksanakan Operation Sovereign Borders tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa sebagai negara yang telah meratifikasi dan menjadi negara pihak dalam Konvensi PBB Tahun 1951 tentang Pengungsi dan Protokolnya Tahun 1967, serta ICCPR, maka seharusnya pelaksanaan Operation Sovereign Borders yang dijalankan oleh Pemerintah Australia tetap tunduk pada kewajiban-kewajiban internasional terkait pencari suaka dan pengungsi yang datang ke negaranya dan tidak melanggar hak-hak mereka.

---

This research focuses on Australia's policy known as The Operation Sovereign Borders. In particular, it emphasizes on the sources of changes (factors) that causes Australia to establish The Operation Sovereign Borders and the human rights that are breached from the implementation of The Operation Sovereign Borders. This is a qualitative-descriptive research design. The results of this thesis suggest that as a country that has ratified and become a state party of The United Nations Convention and Protocol Relating to The Status of Refugees in The Year 1951 and 1967, and The ICCPR, The Operation Sovereign Borders that is carried out by the Australian Government should be align with its international obligation regarding asylum seekers and refugees entering its territory and does not breach its human rights obligation."

"Penggeledahan merupakan bagian pengusutan atau penyidikan. Penggeledahan merupakan suatu tindakan penguasa untuk membatasi kebebasan orang, yaitu melanggar ketenteraman rumah kediaman ataupun melanggar kebebasan privasi pada tubuh seseorang. Tindakan penggeledahan ini bisa saja diambil atas dasar dugaan. Oleh karena itu, seseorang bisa saja sewaktu-waktu digeledah untuk kepentingan penyelidikan dan penegakan hukum. Bahkan penggeledahan ini bisa saja berujung pada penahanan. Meskipun tindakan penggeledahan biasanya dilakukan pada orang yang telah ditetapkan sebagai tersangka atau terdakwa, tetapi jika seseorang suatu saat digeledah belum berarti seseorang tersebut telah menjadi tersangka, terdakwa ataupun terpidana. Tindakan penggeledahan ini bisa dilakukan terhadap siapapun. Karena langsung menyangkut hak asasi seseorang, maka penggeledahan harus dilakukan sesuai Undang-Undang. Pengaturan mengenai penggeledahan diatur dalam Pasal 32 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHAP). Permasalahan yang dibahas adalah mengenai Kewenangan dalam Penggeledahan dilihat dari Perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum yang bersifat yuridis- normatif yaitu dengan menggunakan pendekatan Undang-Undang terhadap bagaimana Kewenangan dalam Penggeledahan apabila dilihat dari perspektif Hak Asasi Manusia.

---

A search is part of an investigation. A search is an act of the authorities to restrict people's freedoms, including violating the peace of a residence or violating the privacy of a person's body. These searches can be taken on the basis of suspicion. Therefore, a person can be searched at any time for the purpose of investigation and law enforcement. It may even lead to detention. Although searches are usually carried out on people who have been named as suspects or defendants, if a person is searched at any time, it does not mean that the person has become a suspect, defendant or convict. These searches can be carried out on anyone. Because it directly concerns a person's human rights, the search must be conducted in accordance with the law. The regulation on searches is stipulated in Article 32 of the Criminal Code (KUHAP). The problem discussed is about the Authority in Searches seen from a Human Rights Perspective. This research is a juridical-normative legal research that uses the Law approach to how the Authority in Searches when viewed from a Human Rights perspective."