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"Pertambangan emas secara tradisional di Kecamatan Huta Bargot, Mandailing Natal, Sumatera Utara telah dilakukan + 12 tahun terakhir. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik lingkungan (kadar merkuri air) dan karakteristik responden (umur, lama tinggal, lama kerja, lama berkerja/hari) dengan kadar merkuri rambut pekerja tambang emas tradisional di kecamatan Huta Bargot. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di 6 desa yaitu Desa bangun sejati, Desa Binanga, Desa Hutabargot setia, Desa Hutarimbaru, Desa Kumpulan setia dan Desa Huta Bargot Nauli pada bulan Maret 2019 dengan desain cross sectional terhadap 60 orang pekerja tambang emas tradisional. Untuk memilih sampel terpilih digunakan metode quate sampling dengan jumlah sampel tiap desa sebanyak 10 orang Sampel dari tiap desa dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Kadar merkuri rambut pekerja masih dalam ambang baku mutu dengan rata-rata kadar merkuri 0,2117 µg/g. Dari 6 sampel air sungai yang diperiksa, 3 sampel air berada di atas baku mutu (> 0,001 mg/L ). Dari hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan lama tinggal dengan kadar merkuri rambut. Hasil analisis multivariat diperoleh hubungan antara lama tinggal dengan kadar merkuri pada rambut (nilai p = 0,034)dengan OR=10,737 yang artinya pekerja tambang emas yang lama tinggal > 20 tahun memiliki peluang memiliki kadar merkuri rambut > 0,24 µg/g dibandingkan pekerja tambang yang lama tinggal < 20 tahun.

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Traditional gold mining in Huta Bargot Subdistrict, Mandailing Natal, North Sumatra has been carried out  the last 12 years. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the mercury levels of traditional gold mine workers in the Huta Bargot sub-district. The research was carried out in 6 villages, bangun sejati, Binanga, Hutabargot setia, Hutarimbaru, Kumpulan setia and Huta Bargot Nauli Village in March 2019 with a cross sectional design for 60 traditional gold mining workers. To select the selected sample, the quate sampling method was used with a total sample of 10 villages. Samples from each village were selected using the purposive sampling method. Workers' mercury levels are still within the threshold of quality standards with an average mercury level of 0.2117 µg / g. 3 of 6 water samples were above the quality standard (> 0.001 mg / L). From the results of bivariate analysis shows the length of stay with hair mercury levels. The results of multivariate analysis found a relationship between length of stay with mercury levels in hair (p value = 0,034) with OR = 10.737, which means gold miners who live> 20 years have the opportunity to have a hair mercury level of > 0.24 µg / g compared to miners <20 years."

"Bahaya kimia dari berbagai sumber dan jenis zat kimia sebagian besar memiliki efek akumulasi di dalam tubuh manusia terutama pada masyarakat yang mengonsumsi air mengandung logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko pajanan logam berat yang akan menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan terhadap masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode ARKL jenis kajian lapangan dilakukan pemeriksaan di Laboratorium Fisika Kimia Air BBTKLPP Yogyakarta dengan jumlah sampel manusia 110 responden usia dewasa 18-55 tahun dan sampel lingkungan 20 titik mata air. Pengumpulan data terhadap responden melalui wawancara langsung menggunakan kuisioner dan pengukuran antropometri, pada sumber mata air dilakukan pemeriksaan terhadap kandungan Cd dan Pb di Desa Krinjing dan Sewukan bulan Mei-Juni 2019. Konsentrasi Cd dan Pb di Desa Krinjing lebih rendah dibandingkan di Desa Sewukan.Hasil semua kadar logam berat masih di bawah nilai baku mutu sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum. Apabila kadar logam berat melebihi dari nilai baku mutu efek yang ditimbulkan mulai dari timbulnya gejala ringan seperti gatal-gatal, batuk, iritasi ringan hingga kanker, mutasi gen bahkan kematian. Dari konsentrasi Cd dan Pb didapatkan intake dan nilai RQ. Risiko ada dan perlu dikendalikan jika RQ>1 dan tidak perlu dikendalikan apabila RQ≤1. Variabel yang terdapat perbedaan proporsi besarnya tingkat risiko terhadap gangguan kesehatan responden adalah variabel berat badan responden dan variabel durasi pajanan pada konsentrasi Cd.Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan 13 responden dengan RQ>1 pada Cd dan 8 responden pada Pb. RQ>1 didapatkan di Desa Sewukan artinya penduduk Desa Sewukan memiliki risiko mengalami gangguan kesehatan akibat pajanan Cd dan Pb pada air minum dibandingkan pada penduduk Desa Krinjing sehingga perlu dilakukan pengelolaan risiko dengan menentukan batas aman konsumsi, melakukan inovasi pengelolaan risiko dengan pendekatan teknologi pengolahan/penyaringan air seperti Teknologi Tepat Guna (TTG) untuk menurunkan kadar logam berat pada sumber air yang mengandung logam berat.

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Most of hazards from various sources and types of chemicals have the accumulation effects in human body, especially in people who consume water containing heavy metals. This study aims at determining the risk level of heavy metal exposure which will cause health problems to the community. This study uses the ARKL Method type of field study which carried out an examination at the Water Chemistry Physics Laboratory of BBTKLPP Yogyakarta. It brings samples of 110 respondents aged 18-55 years and environmental samples of 20 springs. Respondents data is collected through direct interviews using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. The researcher has an examination onthe content of Cd and Pb at the source of the spring in Krinjing and SewukanVillage in May-June 2019. The concentration of Cd and Pb in Krinjing Village is lower than in Sewukan Village.

The results of all levels of heavy metals are still below the value of quality standards in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 about Drinking Water Quality Requirements. If the levels of heavy metals exceed the value of the quality standard, it will have very effects from the onset of mild symptoms such as itching, coughing, mild irritation to cancer, gene mutations and even death. From the concentration of Cd and Pb, the intake and RQ values were obtained. Risk exists and needs to be controlled if RQ>1 and does not need to be controlled if RQ≤1. There are variables that have differences in the proportion of to respondents risk level of health problems: the variable weight of the respondent and the variable duration of exposure to the concentration of Cd.

From the results of the study, it is found that 13 respondents with RQ>1 in Cd and 8 respondents in Pb. While, RQ>1 was found in Sewukan Village, which means that the residents of Sewukan Village have a higher risk of health problems due to exposure to Cd and Pb in drinking water compared to Krinjing Village residents. So, the risk management is needed by determining safe consumption limits, innovating risk management with an approacg of water processing/filtering technology such as Appropriate Technology (TTG) to reduce levels of heavy metals in water sources containing heavy metals."

"Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh kadar vitamin D dan kalsium terhadap panjang dan berat lahir bayi. Jenis penelitian cross sectional melibatkan 144 ibu hamil trimester 3 dan bayi yang dilahirkan. Pemeriksaan vitamin D menggunakan biomarker 25(OH)D dan kalsium menggunakan kalsium total dari serum darah tali pusat. Pengukuran panjang dan berat lahir dilakukan terstandar segera setelah lahir dengan alat merk Seca tipe 231/231. Analisis menggunakan uji korelasi, t test, ANOVA dan analisis regresi linier ganda untuk melihat pengaruh status vitamin D dan kalsium terhadap panjang dan berat lahir dengan memperhatikan variabel pengganggu (umur, paritas, tinggi badan ibu dan ayah, kesesuaian penambahan berat badan ibu selama hamil sesuai IMT pra hamil, status anemia, aktifitas fisik, kecukupan gizi ibu dan merokok).Hasil yang diperoleh: rata-rata panjang dan berat lahir adalah normal 48.7 cm dan 3090.4 gram, panjang lahir pendek 31.2 % dan BBLR 8.3%. Rata-rata kadar serum 25(OH)D adalah 27.6 ng/dL, status vitamin D kurang mencapai 62,5%. Rata-rata kadar kalsium 10 ng/mL dan hipokalsemia 24.3%. Kadar vitamin D dan kalsium berpengaruh bermakna terhadap panjang lahir setelah dikontrol tinggi badan ibu, kadar haemoglobin dan kecukupan asupan energi ibu. Setiap peningkatan 10 ng/dL kadar vitamin D akan menambah panjang lahir sebesar 0,4 cm dan setiap kenaikan 10 ng/mL kadar kalsium akan menambah 2,22 cm. Kadar vitamin D dan kalsium berpengaruh bermakna terhadap berat lahir setelah dikontrol tinggi badan ibu, kadar haemoglobin, kecukupan asupan energi ibu dan kesesuaian penambahan berat badan ibu selama hamil. Setiap peningkatan 10 ng/dL kadar vitamin D akan menambah 100,9 gram berat lahir dan setiap peningkatan 10 ng/mL kadar kalsium akan menambah 448 gram berat lahir bayi. Hasil penelitian menyarankan ibu hamil perlu meningkatkan asupan vitamin D dan kalsium termasuk zat gizi lain sesuai standar kecukupan gizi ibu hamil dan mendorong agar kulit mendapatkan paparan sinar matahari.

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This study discusses the effect of vitamin D and calcium levels on the length and birth

weight of babies. This type of cross sectional study involved 144 third trimester pregnant women and babies born. Vitamin D examination using biomarkers of 25(OH)D and calcium using total calcium from cord blood serum. Measurements of length and birth weight are standardized immediately after birth with the Seca brand type 231/231. Analysis using correlation test, t test, ANOVA and linear regression analysis to see the effect of vitamin D and calcium status on length and birth weight by considering confounding variables (age, parity, maternal and paternal height, suitability of maternal weight gain during pregnancy according to BMI pre pregnancy, anemia status, physical activity, nutritional adequacy of mother and family smoking).

Results obtained: the average length and birth weight were normal 48.7 cm and 3090.4 grams, short birth length 31.2% and LBW 8.3%. The average serum level of 25(OH)D is 27.6 ng/dL, vitamin D status is less than 62.5%. The average calcium content is 10 ng /mL and 24.3% hypocalcemia. Vitamin D and calcium levels had a significant effect on birth length after control of maternal height, hemoglobin level and adequacy of maternal energy intake. Every 10 ng/dL increase in vitamin D levels will increase the birth length by 0.4 cm and every 10 ng/mL increase in calcium levels will add 2.22 cm. Vitamin D and calcium levels had a significant effect on birth weight after control of maternal height, hemoglobin level, adequacy of maternal energy intake and suitability of maternal weight gain during pregnancy. Every 10 ng/dL increase in vitamin D levels will add 100.9 grams of birth weight and each 10 ng/mL increase in calcium levels will add 448 grams of baby's birth weight. The results suggest that pregnant women need to increase their intake of vitamin D and calcium, including other nutrients according to the nutritional adequacy standards of pregnant women and encourage the skin to get sun exposure."

"Baterai merupakan salah satu komponen penting pada sistem fotovoltaik. Tujuan pokok baterai pada sistem fotovoltaik adalah menyimpan energi listrik yang dibangkitkan modul surya pada saat matahari bersinar, dan mengeluarkan kembali energi listrik pada saat modul surya tidak dapat lagi memenuhi permintaan energi listrik oleh beban.Investasi baterai pada sistem fotovoltaik sangat mahal, diperkirakan 40% dari biaya investasi diperuntukkan untuk baterai. Karena itu untuk menjaga agar baterai tahan lama maka perlu diketahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi umur baterai. Baterai kehilangan kapasitas dari waktu ke waktu dan dipertimbangkan baterai tidak efektif lagi ketika 20 persen dari kapasitas aslinya hilang, meskipun masih tetap dapat digunakan. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada pengaruh suhu ambient terhadap umur efektif baterai yaitu lama waktu yang dipakai baterai VRLA untuk menghabiskan 20 persen dari kapasitas aslinya. Dari hasil analisis dapat diketahui bahwa umur efektif baterai VRLA jika beroperasi pada suhu ambient 25°C sebesar 2,089 tahun. Sedangkan, pada suhu ambient 40°C sebesar 1,617 tahun.

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The battery is one of the important components in the photovoltaic system. The main objective is the battery on a solar system stores electrical energy generated in the solar modules when the sun shines, and pulled back electrical energy when the solar module can no longer meet the demand of electrical energy by the load.Battery investment in solar systems is very expensive, estimated that 40% of the investment earmarked for the battery. Therefore, to keep the long lasting battery it is necessary to know the factors that affect battery life. Batteries lose capacity over time and takes into account the battery is no longer effective when 20 percent of its original capacity is lost, although it can still be used. This study focused on the effect of ambient temperature on effective life of VRLA batteries that can estimate the effective life of the battery. From the analysis results it can be seen that a long time VRLA batteries used to spend 20 percent of its original capacity at ambient temperature of 25°C for 2,089 years. While at ambient temperatureof 40 ° C for 1,617 years."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi pajanan timbal di udara terhadap kejadian anemia diantara anak-anak berusia 7 hingga 13 tahun yang tinggal di sekitar lokasi daur ulang aki bekas informal di wilayah Jabotabek. Sebuah studi Cross-sectional dilakukan di tiga lokasi (Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi dan Depok) yang terdapat kegiatan daur ulang aki bekas informal. Populasi penelitian adalah anak usia 7 hingga 13 tahun di wilayah daur ulang aki bekas informal, dengan total sampel 418 orang. Sampel lingkungan adalah mengukur kosentrasi timbal di udara mengunakan High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) dan dianalisis dengan spektrometri serapan atom (AAS). Untuk mengatahui kejadian anemia dilakukan pengukuran Hb darah dengan HemoCue® Hb 201+ System. Analisis multivariat dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi faktor yang terkait dengan kejadian anemia pada anak. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata konsentrasi timbal di udara (n=52) adalah 2,96 μg/m3 dengan kisaran 0,01 hingga 78,05 μg/m3 dan standar deviasi 13,23. Rata-rata kadar Hb darah anak-anak adalah 11,89 g/dL kisaran 7,7 hingga 16,10 g/dL, dengan prevalensi anemia 51,2%. Konsentrasi timbal tinggi di udara sangat terkait dengan peningkatan kejadian anemia pada anak (OR: 3,96; 95% CI: 1,83-8,56) setelah di kontrol faktor prilaku konsumsi kalsium (OR: 0,68; 95% CI: 0,46-1,01). Studi ini menunjukan hubunan antara paparan timbal di udara dengan kejadian anemia dan menyoroti perlunya memperkuat kebijakan, pengawasan dan pengembangan strategi untuk mengurangi paparan timbal.

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This research aims to determine the relationship between the concentration of lead's exposure in the air to the incidence of anemia among children between 7 and 13 years, living around an informal recycling site of the used battery in the Jabotabek region. A Cross-sectional study was conducted at three locations (Tangerang, Bogor, Bekasi, and Depok) which have recycling activities of the former informal battery. The research population is a 7-to 13-year-old child in the recycling area of used battery, with a total sample of 418 people. The lead concentration in the air is measured by using the High Volume Air Sampler (HVAS) and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). To be in the event of anemia done measurements of Hb blood with HemoCue® Hb 201+System. Multivariate analyses were conducted to evaluate the factors related to the incidence of anemia in children. The results of the study obtained an average of the lead concentration in the air (n = 52) were 2.96 μg/m3 with a range of 0.01 to 78.05 μg/m3 and a standard deviation of 13.23. The average rate of Hb blood of children is 11.89 G/dL range 7.7 to 16.10 G/dL, with the prevalence of anemia is about 51.2%. The high lead concentration in the air is associated with an increased incidence of anemia in children (OR: 3.96; 95% CI: 1.83-8.56) after control of calcium consumption behavior factor (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.46-1.01). The study showed a relationship between exposure to lead in the air and the incidence of anemia and highlighted the need to strengthen policy, supervision and development strategies to reduce lead exposure."