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Beta karoten memiliki kapasitas antioksidan. Malondialdehida (MDA), produk dari peroksidasi poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), merupakan penanda stres oksidatif. Keseimbangan oksidan dan antioksidan dalam ASI membantu mencegah terjadinya radikal bebas pada bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara asupan beta karoten dengan kadar beta karoten ASI dan mengetahui ada tidaknya hubungan antara asupan beta karoten dengan kadar MDA ASI. Delapan puluh ibu usia 20–40 tahun yang menyusui secara eksklusif dan memiliki bayi usia 1–6 bulan yang datang ke Puskesmas Kecamatan Cilincing dan Grogol Petamburan pada bulan Februari–April 2019 dan bersedia menandatangani lembar persetujuan penelitian menjadi subjek penelitian. ASInya di periksa di laboratorium. Korelasi positif lemah ditemukan antara indeks masa tubuh (IMT) dan kadar MDA ASI (r = 0,285, p = 0,010) serta asupan beta karoten dan kadar MDA ASI (r = - 0,469 dengan p <0,001). Korelasi negatif sedang ditemukan pada durasi menyusui dalam minggu dengan kadar MDA ASI, asupan beta karoten memilki korelasi positif lemah dengan kadar MDA ASI (r = 0,247, p = 0,027). Aktivitas fisik memiliki hubungan dengan kadar beta karoten ASI (p = 0,012). Dengan demikian, IMT, durasi menyusui, asupan beta karoten berpengaruh terhadap kadar MDA ASI.

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Beta carotene has antioxidant capacity. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) peroxidation product, is the marker of oxidative stress. The balance of oxidant and antioxidant in breastmilk helps prevent the free radical formation in babies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation of beta carotene intake with the breast milk (BM) beta carotene level and to determine the relationship between beta carotene intake with the MDA level in BM. Eighty 20–40 years old exclusively breastfeeding mothers who came to Cilincing and Grogol Petamburan Public Health Centre in February–April 2019 and had 1–6 months old babies were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The BM were assessed the laboratory. Weak positive correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and BM MDA level (r = 0.285, p = 0.010) as well as beta carotene intake and BM MDA level (r = 0.247, p = 0.027). Medium negative correlation was found between breastfeeding duration in weeks with the BM MDA level (r = - 0.469, p <0.001). Physical activity has a relationship with BM beta carotene level (p = 0.012). Therefore, BMI, breastfeeding duration, beta carotene intake has a correlation with BM MDA level.

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"Penyakit paru obstruksif kronik PPOK merupakan penyakit paru dengan karakteristik hambatan aliran udara yang progresif, karena peningkatan reaksi peradangan kronik berlebihan pada saluran napas dan parenkim paru. Stres oksidatif terutama akibat pajanan rokok dalam jangka waktu lama berperan sentral pada patogenesis PPOK. Beta karoten suatu karotenoid punya peran pada stres oksidatif dengan kemampuan mereduksi paling tinggi dan lebih efisien mengikat radikal yang berasal dari dalam dinding liposom pada kompartemen lipofilik dinding sel. Di Indonesia bahan makanan sumber β-karoten mudah didapat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari hubungan antara kadar β-karoten dan MDA serum pada penderita PPOK. Penelitian pontong lintang ini mengikutsertakan 47 penderita PPOK melalui metode consecutive sampling. Data sosio-demografi, riwayat merokok, asupan β-karoten secara FFQ semikuantitatif diperoleh dengan wawancara. Data skor CAT, kekerapan kekambuhan dan uji fungsi paru terbaru didapatkan dari rekam medik. Dilakukan pengukuran IMT, kadar MDA serum dengan spektrofotometri dan β-karoten serum dengan HPLC. Subjek paling banyak berusia 60-74 tahun, bekas perokok, dengan IMT normal. Asupan dan kadar ?-karoten serum rendah pada sebagian besar 63,8 subjek. Kadar MDA serum cenderung lebih tinggi daripada orang sehat, menandakan adanya penngkatan stres oksidatif pada penderita PPOK. Tidak didapatkan adanya korelasi antara kadar β-karoten dan MDA serum.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is a lung disease, characterized by progressive air flow resistance, which increase chronic inflammatory reactions of the airways and lung parenchyma. A history of exposure to risk factors, especially smoking, for long term contribute to the central role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of COPD. Beta carotene as one of the antioxidants may play a role in oxidative stress among COPD patients, carotene's food source is abandon in Indonesia. This cross sectional study aimed to investigate relationship between levels of serum carotene and MDA in COPD patients. Consecutive sampling was applied to recruit 47 COPD subjects, who mainly subjects elderly with history of heavy smoking. Socio demographic data, smoking history, intake of carotene by semiquantitative FFQ was obtained by interview. CAT score, frequency of exacerbations and lung function tests were obtained from medical records. Nutritional status by BMI, concentration of carotene by HPLC and MDA serum by spectrophotometry were assessed. More than 50 subjects'carotene intake and serum level were lower than reference. Serum MDA level was higher than healthy person's, indicating an increase oxidative stress among COPD patients. There was no correlation between serum carotene and MDA levels. "

"Infeksi HIV menghasilkan radikal bebas yang merusak sel dan berbagai organ tubuh. Antioksidan berperan penting untuk mengatasi kerusakan akibat radikal bebas. Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang ini merupakan bagian dari penelitian bersama untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar antioksidan (beta karoten, vitamin C, E dan seng) dengan kadar SOD pada penderita HIV/AIDS di Pokdisus AIDS FKUI/RSUPNCM, Jakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan sejak akhir bulan Februari 2013 sampai Maret 2013 dengan metode consecutive sampling, didapatkan 52 orang subyek memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan median usia subyek 33 (24-40) tahun dengan 51,9% laki-laki. Sebanyak 94,2% subyek mendapatkan terapi anti retrovirus. Nilai median jumlah limfosit T CD4+ adalah 245 (50-861) sel/µL dan 63,5% subyek berada pada kelompok CDC II. Status gizi 84,6% subyek normal dan lebih dengan nilai median 21,4 (14,4-32,4) kg/m2. Nilai rerata asupan energi subyek 1850,8±454,6 kkal/hari, 76,9% subyek memiliki asupan energi kurang dari kebutuhan total harian. Nilai Median asupan lemak subyek 51,4 (22-129,4) gram/hari dan 63,5% subyek memiliki asupan lemak kurang dari energi total. Semua subyek memiliki asupan serat yang kurang dari angka kecukupan serat, nilai rerata asupan serat subyek adalah 8,6±3,6 gram. Nilai rerata asupan beta karoten subyek 10,92±4,37 mg/hari, 88,5% memiliki asupan beta karoten cukup. Nilai median kadar beta karoten subyek 0,21 (0,01-0,72) µmol/L dan 76,9% subyek memiliki kadar beta karoten rendah. Rerata kadar SOD subyek sebesar 1542,1±281 U/gHb dan 53,8% subyek memiliki kadar SOD normal. Tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna antara kadar beta karoten dengan SOD pada penderita HIV/AIDS (r=-0,174, p=0,217).

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Free radicals formed on the course of HIV infection can cause cellular and multiple organ damage. Antioxidants play an important role to minimize damage caused by these free radicals. This research is done using cross sectional design and is part of a joint study to assess the correlation between antioxidants (beta-carotene, vitamin C, E, and zinc) and SOD levels in HIV/AIDS patients at Pokdisus AIDS FKUI/RSUPNCM, Jakarta. The study is done from late February 2013 to March 2013 using consecutive sampling method, 52 subjects matched the study’s criteria. Study shows the age median value is 33 (24-40) years old, with 51.9% male. As much as 94.2% subjects were receiving anti retroviral therapy. Median value of CD4+ T lymphocyte count is 245 (50-861) cell/µL, 63.5% subjects belong in the CDC II category. Nutritional status for 84.6% subjects was normal and overweight with median value of 21.4 (14.4-32.4) kg/m2. Mean score for energy intake is 1850.8±454.6 kcal/day and as much as 76.9% subjects have energy intake less than total daily requirement. Median value of fat intake is 51.4 (22-129.4) grams/day and 63.5% subjects have fat intake less than total energy. All subjects were found to have fiber intake less than individual fiber requirement with mean score of 8.6±3.6 grams. Subjects’ mean score for beta-carotene is 10.92±4.37 mg/day and 88.5% of the subjects have adequate beta-carotene intake. Median value of beta-carotene level is 0.21 (0.01-0.72) µmol/L and 76.9% subjects have low beta-carotene level. SOD level mean score is 1542.1±281 U/gHb, 53.8% subjects had normal SOD level. This study found no significant correlation between beta-carotene and SOD levels in HIV/AIDS patients (r=-0.174, p=0.217)."

"Tujuan: Mengelahui kadar karoten plasma, Malondialdehida plasma dan kebiasaan merokok pekerja laki-laki. Hasilnya diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu dasar memperbaiki pola hidup untuk menurunkan risiko aterosklerosis.Tempat: PT Nasional Gabel Bogor Jawa Barat.Metodologi: Penelitian dengan desain cross sectional pada 115 pekerja laki-laki baik yang merokok maupun tidak memrokok, berusia 20 - 55 tahun yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan, dan terpilih secara simple random sampling, menggunakan tabel bilangan acak. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi: umur, pendidikan, penghasilan, IMT, persentase massa lemak tubuh, asupan lemak, asupan serat, asupan karoten, kadar karoten plasma dan MDA plasmaHasil: Median kadar karoten plasma subyek yang tidak merokok [0,38 (0,09 - 1,95) mmol/L] lebih linggi dari subyek yang merokok [0,34 (0,08 - 0,94) mmol/L]. Median kadar MDA plasma subyek yang tidak merokok [0,61 (0,22 -- 4,75) mmol/mL] lebih rendah dari subyek yang merokok [0,68 (0,32 - 3,01) mmol/mL]. Tidak didapat hubungan yang bermakna (p>0,05) antara asupan karoten, kadar karoten plasma, kadar MDA plasma dengan kebiasaan merokok. Terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara IMT (r = - 0,23), persentase massa lemak tubuh (r = - 0.27) dengan kadar D-karoten plasma. Hampir tidak didapatkan korelasi (r = - 0.06) antara kadar 13-karoten dengan MDA plasma.Kesimpulan: Hampir tidak didapatkan korelasi antara kadar R-karolen plasma dengan kadar MDA plasma.

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Objective: To study plasma 0-carotene concentration, plasma MDA concentration and smoking habit male workers. The results are expected to be used as one of basis to enhance life pattern, to decrease atherosclerosis risk.

Place: PT National Gobel Bogor West Java

Method: A cross sectional study was carried out among 115 male smoking workers and non smoking workers, age 20 - 55 years old, who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were selected by simple random sampling using random table. The collected data consist of age, education, income, body mass index, fat mass percentage, fat intake, fiber intake, carolene intake, plasma 0-carotene and MDA concentrations.

Results: Median of plasma fl-carotene concentration among non smokers was higher [0.38 (0.09 - 1.95) µmol/L] than smokers [4.34 (0.08 -- 0.94) µmol/L]. Median of plasma MDA concentration among non smokers [0.61 (0.22 - 4.75) mmol/mL] was lower than smokers [0.68 (0.32 - 3.01) mmol/mL]. There was no significant relationship (p>0.05) between [carotene intake, plasma II-carotene concentration, plasma MDA concentration and smoking. There was significant (p<0.05) negative correlation between body mass index (r = -0.23), fat mass percentage (r = -0.27) and plasma [-carotene concentration. Almost no con-elation (r = -0.06) was found. between plasma [carotene and MDA concentrations.

Conclusions: Almost no correlation was found between plasma carotene and MDA concentrations."

"ABSTRAKProses penuaan dan munculnya berbagai penyakit pada lanjut usia (lansia)menyebabkan penurunan massa dan kekuatan otot. Penyebab sarkopeniamultifaktorial, salah satunya adalah stres oksidatif. Defisiensi vitamin antioksidanC, E dan β-karoten umum terjadi pada lansia. Penelitian potong lintang inibertujuan untuk melihat korelasi asupan β-karoten dan kadar β-karoten serumdengan massa dan kekuatan otot lansia. Pengambilan subjek dilakukan denganconsecutive sampling, didapatkan 52 lansia memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Dataasupan β-karoten menggunakan metode food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)semikuantitatif. Dilakukan penilaian status gizi dengan Mini NutritionalAssessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), pemeriksaan massa otot dan kekuatangenggam tangan serta pemeriksaan kadar β-karoten serum. Didapatkan asupan β-karoten yang kurang pada 76,9% subjek dengan rerata 1,5 (0,68) mg. Nilaimedian kadar β-karoten 0,17 (0,03?0,84) μmol/L dan 71,2% subjek tergolongrendah. Rerata massa otot 37,41 (7,61) kg dan 100% subjek kategori normal. Nilaitengah kekuatan genggam tangan 22,0 (12?42) kg, sebagian besar (56,25%)kategori normal. Didapatkan korelasi positif lemah signifikan antara asupan β-karoten dengan massa otot (r = 0,3, p = 0,03) dan kekuatan genggam tangan (r =0,39, p = 0,004). Tidak terdapat korelasi antara kadar β-karoten serum denganmassa otot (r = ?0,19, p = 0,188) dan kekuatan genggam tangan (r = ?0,19, p =0,167).

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ABSTRACTThe aging process and the emergence of various diseases in elderly caused decrease in muscle mass and strength. The etiology of sarcopenia is multifactorial and one of the causes is oxidative stress. Deficiency vitamin C, E and β-carotene is common in elderly. The aim of this study was to determined whether dietary intake and serum levels of β-carotene are correlated with mass and muscle strength in elderly. We conducted cross-sectional analyses in 52 institutionalized elderly during April?Mei 2016. The assesment of β-carotene intake with food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) semiquantitative, nutritional status by the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), muscle mass measurement, handgrip strength and β-carotene serum level. β-carotene intake in 76.9% subjects was less with mean 1.5 (0.68) mg. The median value of β-carotene serum was 0.17 (0.03 to 0.84) mol/L which 71.2% o subjects categorized low. Muscle mass mean 37.41 (7.61) kg which 100% subjects were normal. Median handgrip strength was 22.0 (12-42) kg, with 56,25% in normal category. A weak positive correlation between the intake of β-carotene with muscle mass (r = 0.3, p = 0.03) and hand grip strength (r = 0.39, p = 0.004). No correlation found between serum levels of β-carotene with muscle mass (r = -0.19, p = 0.188) and hand grip strength (r = ?0.19, p = 0.167)."

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Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara tropis terbesar di dunia dengan hutan seluas 125.922.474 hektar memiliki sumber daya hutan yang melimpah termasuk berbagai sumber minyak nabati salah satunya adalah lemak tengkawang. Lemak dari tengkawang ini bernilai cukup tinggi karena kandungan asam lemaknya, nilai ekonominya pun  jauh meningkat apabila buah tersebut diolah menjadi lemak daripada hanya dijual dalam bentuk buah kering. Lemak tengkawang dapat berperan sebagai pengganti lemak kokoa karena sifatnya yang serupa. Metode yang digunakan oleh masyarakat setempat untuk mendapatkan mentega tengkawang ini masih tradisional sehingga kualitas produksinya belum dapat memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Penelitian yang ada menunjukkan bahwa parameter SNI yang belum dapat dicapai adalah asam lemak bebas dan warna tengkawang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan kadar beta karoten pada lemak tengkawang dalam rangka mendapatkan warna yang sesuai SNI dan menurunkan bilangan peroksida pada lemak tengkawang dengan penambahan adsorben bentonit teraktivasi termal pada proses pemucatan. Penelitian ini melakukan purifikasi mentega tengkawang dengan melalui tiga langkah yaitu praperlakuan lemak tengkawang, aktivasi bentonit serta analisis RSM. Praperlakuan lemak tengkawang ini terdiri dari degumming dan netralisasi. Proses pemucatan dilakukan dengan bentonit yang diaktivasi secara termal pada variable tertentu. Variabel yang diamati adalah pengaruh suhu aktivasi, waktu aktivasi dan rasio bentonit:lemak tengkawang.. Analisis RSM digunakan untuk melihat signifikasi pengaruhi variable tersebut terhadap kadar beta-karoten dan bilangan peroksida pada lemak tengkawang. Didapatkan bahwa penambahan bentonit teraktivasi termal pada proses pemucatan lemak tengkawang terbukti menurunkan kadar beta karoten dari 114 μg/mL menjadi 13 μg/mL, dan menurunkan bilangan peroksida dari 9.7 mek O₂/kg sampek menjadi 4.87 mek O₂ kg sampel. Meskipun begitu variasi yang dilakukan pada variabel terikat tidak memiliki efek signifikan terhadap perubahan kandungan beta karoten dan bilangan peroksida

 

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Indonesia is one of the largest tropical countries in the world with 125,922,474 hectares of forest having abundant forest resources including a source of vegetable oil, one of which is tengkawang fat. The fat content of tengkawang is quite high because of its fatty acid content, its economic value is far increased compared to the fruit processed into fat from only being sold in the form of dried fruit. The fat can be consumed as cocoa fat because of its similar nature. The method used by the local community to obtain tengkawang butter is still traditional so that the quality of the product does not meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Existing research shows that SNI parameters that have not been achieved are free fatty acids and tengkawang colors. This study tried to reduce the levels of beta carotene in tengkawang fat in order to obtain the appropriate color of SNI and reduce the peroxide number in tengkawang fat by increasing the adsorbent of thermally activated bentonite in the bleaching process. This study purified tengkawang butter with three steps, namely pretreatment of tengkawang fat, activating bentonite and RSM analysis. This treatment of tengkawang fat consists of degumming and neutralization. The bleaching process is carried out with thermal bentonite with certain variables. The variables are the activation temperature, activation time and bentonite-tengkawang fat ratio. RSM analysis is used to see the significance of influencing this variable on beta-carotene levels and peroxide numbers in tengkawang fat. It was found that replacing thermal bentonite in the tengkawang fat bleaching process was shown to reduce beta carotene levels from 114 μg / mL to 13 μg / mL, and reduce peroxide numbers from 9.7 meq O₂ / kg to 4.87 meq of O₂ kg sample. Even so the variations carried out in the bound variable do not have a significant effect on changes in the content of beta carotene and peroxide numbers

 

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"Air susu ibu adalah sumber nutrisi paling baik untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bayi, yang mengandung banyak komponen penting salah satunya antioksidan enzimatik yaitu Superoksida Dismutase (SOD). Sebagai antioksidan lini pertama, SOD berfungsi mengkatalisis superoksida menjadi hidrogen peroksida dan selanjutnya hidrogen peroksida diubah menjadi air dan alkohol oleh katalase (CAT) dan Glutation Peroksidase (GPx). Vitamin E sebagai antioksidan eksogen dari luar tubuh akan membantu kerja SOD untuk mencegah keadaan stres oksidatif.  Fungsi vitamin E adalah mencegah terjadinya kerusakan lemak pada membran sel. Vitamin E akan bekerja secara sinergis dengan vitamin C yang akan mengubah kembali vitamin E menjadi bentuk non radikal. Asupan vitamin E dan vitamin C di Indonesia masih belum jelas terutama pada ibu laktasi sehingga perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Penelitianini merupakan penelitianpotong lintang yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Grogol Petamburan dan Puskesmas Cilincing pada 60 orang ibu laktasi berusia 20-40 tahun yang menyusui bayi berumur 1-6 bulan. Penelitian ini berlangsung sejak bulan Maret hingga April 2019 yang bertujuanuntuk melihat korelasi antara asupan vitamin E dan vitamin C dengan aktivitas total SOD eritrosit dan ASI. Aktivitas total SOD eritrosit dan ASI dinilai menggunakanRansod kit 125 dengan metode spektrofotometri. Median aktivitas total SOD eritrosit sebesar 423,73 (242-858) U/ml, sedangkan median aktivitas total SOD ASI 58,34 U/ml(24,86-287,79) U/ml. Asupan vitamin E yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah 91,7% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin E yang rendahsedangkan 70% subjek memiliki asupan vitamin C yang cukup. Pada penelitian ini tidak ditemukan adanya korelasi bermakna antara asupan vitamin E dan C dengan aktivitas total SOD eritrosit dan ASI (p>0,05).

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Human milk is the best nutrition for infant's growth and development. Human milk contains many components, one of them is superoxide dismutase (SOD). As a first line antioxidant, SOD plays a role to convert superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and furthermore will continue with catalase (CAT) and gluthathione peroxide (GPx) to change hydrogen peroxide into water and alcohol molecule. Vitamin E as an exogenous antioxidant will help SOD to prevent oxidative stress. Vitamin E inhibits lipid peroxidation in membrane cell. Vitamin C helps vitamin E back into non radical molecule. Vitamin E and vitamin C intake in Indonesia still unclear especially among lactating mothers. This cross sectional study conducted in Grogol Petamburan and Cilincing Health Centre in 60 lactating mothers aged 20-40 yo whose feeding 1-6 months infants. Study was held from march until April 2019 to assess correlation between vitamin E and C intake of lactating mothers with erythrocyte and brestmilk SOD total activity. Total SOD activity in erythrocyte and human milk were analyzed with Ransod kit 125with spectrophotometry method. Median SOD total activity in erythrocyte was 423,73 (242-858)U/ml, meanwhile SOD total activity in breastmilk has median value 58,34 U/ml (24,86-287,79) U/ml. Subjects with low vitamin C intake were 91,7% and 70% subjects had adequate vitamin C intake. There were no significant correlation between vitamin E and vitamin C intake in lactating mothers with erythrocyte and breastmilk SOD total activity (p>0,05)."

"Seng pada ASI merupakan nutrient yang penting bagi kesejahteraan ibu dan bayi namun masih jarang diteliti. Rerata kadar seng pada ASI ibu menyusui di Indonesia belum didapatkan pada penelitian-penelitian terdahulu. Defisiensi asupan seng dapat mengganggu transfer seng dari tubuh ibu menuju ASI. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara asupan seng dengan kadar seng pada air susu ibu serta untuk mengetahui rerata kadar seng dalam ASI ibu menyusui di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Cilincing dan Grogol Petamburan, Jakarta pada bulan Februari─April 2019. Sebanyak 99 subjek ibu menyusui 1-6 bulan postpartum berusi 20-49 tahun direkrut menggunakan metode sampel konsekutif. Data karakteristik dasar dan asupan nutrien diambil melalui wawancara sedangkan kadar seng pada ASI diukur melalui pemeriksaan FAAS di laboratorium. Data kemudian diolah menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa defisiensi asupan seng terjadi pada 65% subjek dan kadar seng ASI yang rendah didapati pada 38,8% subjek. Tidak didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara asupan seng ibu menyusui dengan kadar seng ASI (p= 0,858) sekalipun telah dilakukan kontrol terhadap faktor-faktor perancu. Kadar seng ASI berkurang seiring dengan bertambahnya usia bayi (r=-0,187, p=0,001) sehingga acuan asupan seng untuk bayi perlu disesuaikan dengan usia bayi

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Breast milk zinc content is important for maintaining mother and baby health but the research is rarely done. Average breast milk zinc content of lactating mother in Indonesia is also unkown in previous researches. Zinc intake deficiency could lead to disruption in zinc transfer to the breastmilk. This study was determined to know the relationship between zinc intake and zinc breast milk content in lactating mother. This was a cross sectional study done in Cilincing and Grogol Petamburan health center from February 2019 to April 2019. There were 99 lactating mothers aged 20-49 years who have babies aged 1-6 month recruited using consecutive sampling method. Basic characteristic data were collected with interview method. Zinc breastmilk content data were gained using FAAS method in laboratory. Result shows that 65% of the subjects were having zinc intake deficiency and 38.8% lactating mothers were having low breast milk zinc content. There were no relationship between zinc intake and breast milk zinc content (p= 0.858) even after control be done on confounding factors. Zinc breast milk content decrease as babies age (parameter estimation=-0.187 , p=0.001) so the standard of breast milk zinc content should be revised according to baby age."

"Penyakit membran hialin (PMH) dan gangguan toleransi minum (GTM) merupakan masalah pada bayi prematur dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas cukup tinggi. Pemberian steroid antenatal telah menurunkan angka PMH dan enterokolitis nekrotikans (EKN) komplikasi lanjut dari GTM, tetapi masih belum optimal dan masih didapat luaran yang berbeda pada bayi dengan usia gestasi, berat lahir dan tata laksana antenatalyang sama. Mikronutrien vitamin A, D₃ dan seng diketahui memengaruhi organ tersebut. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui manfaat pemberian vitamin A (beta-karoten), vitamin D₃ dan seng menyertai deksametason untuk menurunkan kejadian PMH dan GTM pada bayi prematur.Uji klinis acak dilakukan pada subjek ibu hamil 28-34 minggu dan bayinya. Ibu hamil dirawat di rumah sakit untuk persiapan kelahiran prematur atas indikasi janin atau ibu. Subjek dibagi dalam kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Kedua kelompok mendapat deksametason 2 x 6 mg intravena (2 hari). Kelompok intervensi mendapat dosis tunggal beta-karoten 25.000 IU dan vitamin D₃ 50.000 IU per oral, serta seng 50 mg/hari peroral (3 hari), sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak. Sampel darah ibu dan tali pusat diambil untuk pengukuran kadar serum retinol, 25(OH)D dan seng. Bayi dipantau selama 4 minggu. Angka kejadian PMH, GTM, PMH-GTM dan hubungan kadar serum retinol, 25(OH)D dan seng pada kedua kelompok dengan luaran PMH-GTM, dianalisis dengan uji Chi-Square atau Fisher, uji t tidak berpasangan atau uji Mann Whitney dan uji t berpasangan atau uji Wilcoxon.Jumlah subjek 116 pasangan ibu-bayi, terbagi sama di kelompok intervensi dan kontrol. Kejadian PMH dan GTM pada bayi kelompok intervensi 7 (12,1%) dan 9 (16,1%), lebih rendah dan bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol, 16 (27,5%) dan 19 (34,5%). Bayi PMH-GTM kelompok kontrol mempunyai kadar retinol, 25(OH)D dan seng di serum ibu dan tali pusat yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok intervensi. Perbedaan bermakna didapatkan pada kadar 25(OH)D.Simpulan: Angka kejadian PMH dan GTM pada kelompok intervensi secara bermakna lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Kadar retinol, 25(OH)D dan seng di serum ibu dan tali pusat berhubungan dengan luaran PMH-GTM.

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Hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and feeding intolerance (FI)are still problems of premature neonatal morbidity and mortality. Antenatal steroid administration has been recognized to reduce HMDand FImortality rates, but it is still not optimal and there are still different outcomes in neonates with similar gestational age, birth weight and treatment. Micronutrients of vitamin A, D₃ and zinc are known to play a roleon the lung and intestines of the fetusand neonates. This study aimed to find out the benefits of administration of vitamin A (beta carotene), vitamin D₃ and zinc accompanying antenatal steroids for lung maturation, in order to reduce the incidenceof HMD and FI.A randomized clinical trial was conducted on pregnant women 28-34 weeks of gestational age who were hospitalized for the preparation of preterm delivery on the indication of the mother or fetus. Both groups received dexamethasone for lung maturation. The intervention group received oral micronutrients, i.e., beta carotene 25,000 IU single dose, vitamin D₃ 50,000 IU single dose and 50 mg zinc per day for 3 days. The incidence of HMD, FI, HMD-FI and the relationship of serum retinol, 25(OH)D, zinc concentrationsin maternal and umbilical cord with HMD-FI were analyzed by Chi-Square or Fisher test, unpaired t or Mann Whitney test and paired t or Wilcoxon test between the intervention and control groups.The total subjects were 116 pairs of pregnant mothers and neonates (58 interventions and 58 controls). The incidence of HMDand FIin neonates in the intervention group were 7 (12.1%) and 9 (16.1%),which weresignificantly lower thanthe control group, 16 (27.5%) and 19 (34.5%). The HMD-FI neonates in the control group had lower serum retinol and 25(OH)D concentrations in maternal and umbilical cord than in the intervention group. Significant differences were only found at 25 (OH) D concentration.Conclusion: The incidence HMD and FI in the neonates intervention group were significantly lower than the control group. There was a relationship betweenserum retinol, 25(OH)D and zinc concentrations with HMD-FI outcome."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai karakterisasi morfologi ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) tinggi beta karoten. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman morfologi dan pola pita isozim peroksidase (PER), 6-fosfoglukonat dehidrogenase (6-PGD), sikimat dehidrogenase (SDH), dan enzim malat (ME) pada 5 genotipe ubi kayu Mentega 1, Mentega 2, Roti, Ubi Kuning, dan Adira 1. Hasil pengamatan morfologi dan analisis pola pita isozim diuraikan secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk dendrogram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam satu genotipe terdapat keragaman karakter morfologi tetapi tidak dalam pola pita isozim. Karakter pembeda antar genotipe adalah warna daun muda, warna daun tua, warna pertulangan daun bagian atas, warna petiolus, gigi pada daun, warna batang muda, warna batang tua, dan warna parenkim. Berdasarkan dendrogram pola pita enzim PER, genotipe Adira 1 dan Ubi Kuning berada dalam satu cluster.

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Research on morphological and isozyme characterization of cassava (Manihot esculenta, Crantz) with high beta-carotene has been done. The study aims to determine the diversity of morphological and isozyme banding pattern of peroxidase (PER), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), schicimate dehydrogenase (SDH), and malic enzyme (ME) from 5 cassava genotypes (Mentega 1, Mentega 2, Roti, Ubi Kuning, and Adira 1). The results of morphological observation and analysis of isozyme banding pattern was described descriptively and presented in the form of dendrogram.

The results showed that there is a diversity of morphological character in a single genotype but not in isozyme banding pattern. The distinguishing characters between the genotypes are colours of: young leaf, old leaf, basal part of leaf venation, petiolus, teethlets on mature leaf, young stem, old trunk, and parenchyma. Based on dendrogram of PER enzyme banding pattern, Adira 1 and Ubi Kuning are put in the same cluster"