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"Stunting merupakan salah satu kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak dimana tinggi badan anak <-2SD menurut tabel Z-score WHO. Ada beberapa hal yang menjadi penyebab utama masalah stunting pada anak, salah satunya yaitu ketidakoptimalan praktik pemberian makan anak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi gambaran praktik pemberian makan pada anak Batita yang mengalami stunting di Jakarta. Partisipan yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 15 orang partisipan. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis konten. Hasil analisis data memperoleh 11 tema yang menggambarkan praktik pemberian makan pada anak Batita yang mengalami stunting di Jakarta antara lain : 1) Bayi dirawat terpisah dengan ibu setelah lahir, 2) Bayi diberikan susu formula menunggu ibu pulih, 3) Bayi diberikan ASI dan kontak dengan ibu hanya sebentar saat baru lahir, 4) Ibu senang bisa menyusui anaknya, 5) ASI dibantu dengan susu formula karena ASI kurang banyak pada usia 0-6 bulan, 6) Bayi diberikan ASI lanjutan, 7) Ibu memberikan MPASI dengan bubur bayi instan dan bubur tim siap saji, 8) Frekuensi pemberian makan 2-3 kali sehari dengan porsi yang sedikit, 9) Keragaman diet tidak terpenuhi, 10) Menu makanan disesuaikan dengan kondisi ekonomi, dan 11) Asupan makanan yang mengandung zat besi kurang optimal. Pemberian edukasi yang optimal kepada ibu hamil dan ibu yang memiliki Balita tentang praktik pemberian makan yang tepat diharapkan dapat menurunkan kejadian stunting di Indonesia.Kata kunci : Batita, praktik pemberian makan, stunting

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Stunting is a condition of failed to grow in children where the child's height is <-2SD according to the WHO Z-score table. There are several things that are the main causes of stunting problems in children, one of which is the inability to maximumly feed the children practices. The aim of this study is to explore the illustration of feeding practices for stunting toddlers in Jakarta. Participants involved in this study are 15 participants. The data analysis used in this study is content analysis. The results of the data analysis obtained 11 themes that illustrated the practice of feeding toddlers who experience stunting in Jakarta, among others : 1) Babies treated separately from mothers after birth, 2) Babies given formula milk waiting for mothers to recover, 3) Babies given breast milk and contact with mother only for a short while at birth, 4) Mother is happy to be able to breastfeed her child, 5) breast milk is assisted with formula milk because there is not much milk at the age of 0-6 months, 6) Babies are given continued breastfeeding, 7) Mothers provide instant porridge and ready-to-serve steam chicken rice, 8) Frequency of feeding 2-3 times a day with a small portion, 9) Diversity of diets not fulfilled, 10) Food menu adapted to economic conditions, and 11) Intake of foods containing iron is not optimal. Providing optimal education to pregnant women and mothers who have toddlers about proper feeding practices is expected to reduce the incidence of stunting in Indonesia.

Keywords : Toddlers, feeding practices, stunting"

"Anak usia di bawah lima tahun (balita) termasuk dalam populasi berisiko untuk mengalami malnutrisi. Dalam masa tumbuh kembang, anak membutuhkan nutrisi yang tinggi. Orang tua mempunyai peran penting dalam hal pemenuhan nutrisi anak. Praktik pemberian makan yang baik disertai efikasi diri yang tinggi dari orang tua dapat mencegah terjadinya stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara praktik pemberian makan dan efikasi diri orang tua dengan kejadian stunting pada anak balita Kecamatan Sukamulya Kabupaten Tangerang. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain crossectional. Pengambilan sampel metode cluster sampling. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 166 anak usia 24-59 bulan beserta ibunya. Instrumen praktik pemberian makan dan efikasi diri orang tua yang berisi pertanyaan-pertanyaan digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara praktik pemberian MP-ASI (p=0,000) dan efikasi diri orang tua (p=0,009) dengan kejadian stunting, sementara praktik pemberian ASI menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada anak balita di Kecamatan Sukamulya Kabupaten Tangerang (p=0,812). Variabel independen yang paling berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada penelitian ini adalah praktik pemberian MP-ASI dengan nilai Exp (B) = 4,557. Rekomendasi pengembangan intervensi keperawatan dengan pendekatan keluarga untuk mencegah atau merawat anak stunting.

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Children under five years of age are one of population that is at risk for malnutrition. During growth and development, children need sufficient nutrition. Parents have an important role in fulfilling children’s nutrition. Good feeding practices along with high self-efficacy from parents can prevent stunting. This study aims to identify the relationships between feeding practices and parental self-efficacy and the incidence of stunting in children under five years of age in Sukamulya District, Tangerang Regency. A Crossectional design was used. Sampling using cluster sampling method. The number of respondents in this study were 166 children aged 24-59 months and their mothers. The parental feeding practice and self-efficacy containing questions was used to collect data. The results showed a significant relationship between complementary feeding practices (p=0,000) and self-efficacy of parents (p=0,009) and the incidence of stunting, while breastfeeding practices showed no relationship with the incidence of stunting in children under five in Sukamulya District, Tangerang Regency (p=0,812). The independent variable that is most associated with the incidence of stunting in this study is complementary feeding practices with Exp (B) = 4,557. Recommendations for develop nursing interventions with a family approach to prevent or take care of stunting children."

"Stunting merupakan kondisi gagal tumbuh pada anak akibat dari kekurangan gizi kronis, sehingga anak terlalu pendek dari tinggi normal pada rentang usianya. Stunting ini merupakan penyakit kronis. Salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya stunting adalah pola asuh yang diterapkan dalam keluarga terhadap anak, dimana pola asuh dapat dipengaruhi oleh sikap dan pengetahuan keluarga yang menjadi caregiver terkait dengan kondisi anak. Walaupun pola asuh dalam keluarga amat penting, namun penelitian yang memfokuskan pada pengalaman keluarga merawat anak dengan stunting belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi secara lebih mendalam tentang pengalaman keluarga, terutama ibu merawat anak dengan stunting. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dengan jumlah partisipan 12 ibu. Penelitian menghasilkan empat tema, yaitu respons egative sebagai beban subjektif ibu, pandangan egative masyarakat dan dampaknya menambah beban ibu, upaya berdamai dengan kondisi anak stunting, serta pertingnya dukungan sosial terhadap perawatan anak stunting. Berdasarkan tema yang dihasilkan, dapat dilihat bahwa ibu yang merawat anak stunting mengalami respons yang beragam, sehingga membutuhkan dukungan sosial terutama keluarga terdekat. Namun, kesiapan ibu dalam merawat perlu diteliti lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui hubungannya dengan kejadian stunting di Indonesia.

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Stunting is a condition of failure to thrive in children due to chronic malnutrition, so that children are too short of normal height in their age range. Stunting is a chronic disease. One of the risk factors for stunting is parenting that is applied in families to children, where parenting can be influenced by the attitudes and knowledge of the family who are caregivers related to the child`s condition. Although family caring is very important, research that focuses on the experience of families caring for children with stunting has never been done. This study aims to explore more deeply about family experiences, especially mothers caring for children with stunting. This study is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach with the number of participants of 12 mothers. The study produced four themes, namely a holistic response as a subjective burden of mothers, a negative view of society and the impact of adding to the burden of the mother, efforts to make peace with the condition of stunting children, and the importance of social support for the care of stunting children. Based on the theme produced, it can be seen that mothers who care for stunting children experience diverse responses, so that they need social support, especially the immediate family. However, the readiness of mothers in caring needs to be further investigated to find out their relationship with stunting events in Indonesia."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 25-60 bulan di Kelurahan Kalibaru Depok tahun 2012. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 104 balita yang didapat dengan cara simple random sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2012. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran tinggi badan, wawancara kuesioner dan lembar FFQ semikuantitatif. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi responden yang stunting sebesar 21,2% dan yang memiliki status gizi TB/U normal sebesar 78,8%. Analisis uji statistik menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara asupan protein, berat lahir, pendidikan orang tua, pekerjaan ayah, dan status ekonomi keluarga dengan kejadian stunting pada balita. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar peran aktif pemerintah khususnya petugas kesehatan untuk menanggulangi kejadian stunting pada balita. Selain itu, diharapkan masyarakat untuk menerapkan pola makan gizi seimbang dan mendapatkan pendidikan yang layak untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraannya.

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The objective of this research is to determine the description and relationship factors of stunting children among 25-60 months at Kelurahan Kalibaru Depok in 2012. The method of this research is cross sectional design. There are 104 children was being the samples in this research and they obtained by simple random sampling. The research was held on April to May 2012. The database were collected by measuring of height, interview on the questionnaire and FFQ semiquantitative sheet.

The result of this study found that proportion of the respondents who are stunting was 21,2 % and the respondents who had normal nutrition status of HAZ was 78,8%. The result of statistic analysis showed that the protein intake, birth weight, parent?s education father?s occupation, and family economic status had a significant association with child-stunting.

This research suggest the active role from government, especially health care workers to solve the problem of child-stunting. Beside of that, people are expected to implement the balanced nutritional diet and get a proper education to improve their economic status."

"Kanak-kanak merupakan populasi yang rentan terhadap masalah gizi yaitu stunting. Stunting berdampak buruk bagi perkembangan kanak-kanak. Faktor-faktor penyebab stunting diantaranya pola asuh nutrisi, pola asuh ibu dan depresi ibu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting dan perkembangan pada kanak-kanak. Desain penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelatif dengan teknik quota sampling secara online. Responden berjumlah 140 ibu dengan kanak-kanak di Indonesia. Data diambil menggunakan kuesioner data demografi, pola asuh nutrisi kanak-kanak, pola asuh ibu, Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, dan Beck Depression Inventory II. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kanak-kanak stunting sebanyak 26,4% dan 73,6% tidak stunting. Pola asuh nutrisi dan depresi kehamilan ibu berhubungan bermakna dengan kejadian stunting kanak-kanak, sedangkan pola asuh ibu berhubungan bermakna dengan perkembangan kanak-kanak. Hasil penelitian dapat menjadi dasar mengembangkan promosi kesehatan jiwa terkait depresi ibu dan program preventif melalui pola asuh nutrisi serta kuratif dan rehabilitatif bagi kanak-kanak stunting.

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Toddlers is a population that is vulnerable to nutritional problem is stunting. Stunting to have negativ effect for toddlers development. The factors that cause stunting in children include child nutrition parenting, maternal parenting and depression. This study aims to determine the factors associated with stunting and development in toddlers. The research design used descriptive correlative with online quota sampling technique. Respondents was 140 mothers with toddlers in Indonesia. Data were taken using questionnaires are demographic data, nutritional parenting for children, maternal parenting, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, and the Beck Depression Inventory II. The results shows that toddlers who were stunted were 26.4% and 73.6% were not stunted. Nutrition parenting patterns and maternal pregnancy depression had a significant relationship with the incidence of toddlers stunting, while maternal parenting had a significant relationship with toddlers development. The results of this study are expected to be the basis for developing mental health promotion related to maternal depression and preventive programs through nutritional care then as curative and rehabilitative programs for stunting toddlers."

"Gizi buruk merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang terjadi pada balita. Kasusnya semakin banyak ditemukan karena malnutrisi pada balita lebih sulit dideteksi.Seringkali gizi buruk pada balita disertai dengan penyakit infeksi yang menyertai, disamping akibat asupan makanan yang kurang.Desain penelitian berupa cross sectionaldengan data sekunder dari laporan PPG, form pelacakan gizi buruk, dan pemeriksaan klinis balita gizi buruk tahun 2012-2013.Variabel dependen adalah peningkatan status gizi balita dan variabel independennya meliputi faktor karakteristik balita, orang tua, dan perilaku ibu.Analisis data berupa analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi balita yang mengalami peningkatan status gizi sebesar 55,0%, lebih banyak terjadi pada balita umur < 12 bulan (60,0%), dengan jenis kelamin perempuan (61,2%), yang lahir dengan BBLR (61,9%), ASI eksklusif (65,0%), disertai penyakit infeksi penyerta (58,7%), pada balita dengan ibu yang beumur <31 tahun (49,0%), berpendidikan tinggi (80,6%), ayah yang bekerja sebagai pekerja kasar (61,8%), ibu yang tidak bekerja (58,5%), dan ibu yang patuh dalam kunjungan PPG (70,7%).Faktor yang secara statistik memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan peningkatan status gizi adalah tingkat pendidikan ibu dan kepatuhan ibu dalam kunjungan PPG.

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Malnutrition is a public health problem that occurs in toddler. The case increasingly found due to malnutrition in children under five is more difficult to detection. Oftentimes, malnutrition among children under five accompanied by an accompanying infectious diseases, in addition to due to the lack of food intake. The study design was cross-sectional, using secondary data from outpatient TFC reports, forms tracking of malnutrition, and clinical examination form malnutrition children in 2012-2013. Dependent variables is increase in nutritional status and the independent variables include factors toddlers characteristics, parents charracteristics, and mother behavior.Analisis performed by univariate and bivariate analyzes.

The results showed that the proportion of infants who have increased nutritional status is 55.0%, is more common in infants aged <12 months (60.0%), with female sex (61.2%), who were born with low birth weight (61, 9%), exclusive breastfeeding (65.0%), accompanied by concomitant infections (58.7%), in infants whose mothers age<31 years (49.0%), highly educated (80.6%), father who worked as a laborer (61.8%), mothers who did not work (58.5%), and mothers who are obedient to visit TFC (70.7%). Factors that have a statistically significant association with increased nutritional status is the level of maternal education and maternal adherence in PPG excursions."

"Di Indonesia, stunting masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Provinsi Lampung mengalami prevalensi stunting yang meningkat dari Tahun 2015 sampai 2017, yaitu 22,6%, 24,8% dan 31,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perilaku keluarga sadar gizi ( penimbangan berat badan balita secara teratur, memberikan ASI saja kepada bayi sejak lahir sampai usia 6 bulan/ASI Eksklusif, rumah tangga menggunakan garam beryodium, minum suplemen gizi sesuai anjuran/ vitamin A dan Konsumsi beraneka ragam makanan) dan karakteristik responden seperti faktor riwayat balita pernah dirawat, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, jumlah anggota keluarga, jumlah balita, dan tempat tinggal dengan kejadian stunting. Desain studi penelitian ini yaitu cross-sectional dengan analisis bivariat dengan chi square (kai kuadrat). Data yang digunakan yaitu data Pemantauan Status Gizi (PSG) dengan jumlah sampel 1533 balita usia 6-23 bulan di Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2017. Hasil anlisis menunjukkan bahwa perilaku keluarga sadar gizi, pemberian vitamin A, pemberian ASI Eksklusif, konsumsi beraneka ragam makanan tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Namun terdapat hubungan antara rumah tangga menggunakan garam beryodium dan penimbangan balita secara teratur dengan kejadian stunting. Perlu adanya dukungan dari setiap anggota keluarga dalam menerapkan perilaku keluarga sadar gizi.

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In Indonesia, stunting is still a public health problem. Lampung Province experienced an increasing prevalence of stunting from 2015 to 2017, by percentage is 22,6 %, 24,8% and 31,6%. This study aims to determine association between nutrition conscious family behavior (with variables like weighing toddlers regularly, provide exclusive breastfeeding, households use iodized salt, get vitamin A and consume a wide variety of foods) and respondent characteristics such as a history of factors under five have been treated, mother’s education, mother’s occupation, number of family members, the number of under five, and residence with stunting incident. The design of this research study is cross-sectional with chi square test to bivariate analysis. The data used is Pemantauan Status Gizi (PSG) data and used 1533 child aged 6-23 months as sample in Lampung Province 2017. The analysis result shows that nutrition conscious family (KADARZI) behavior, get vitamin A, provide exclusive breastfeeding, consume a wide variety of foods are not related to stunting incident. However there is a relationship between households use iodized salt and weighing toddlers regularly to stunting incident. There needs to be support from each family member in implementing nutrition conscious family (KADARZI) behavior."

"Gizi kurang merupakan masalah kesehatan yang terjadi karena kekurangan zat gizi yang diperlukan oleh tubuh. Kasus nyata terjadi pada Anak A (3 tahun) memiliki gejala yang meunjukkan gizi kurang seperti nafsu makan menurun, berat badan tidak kunjung meningkat, rewel, kurus serta hasil BB/U pada grafik Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS) berada di bawah garis hijau atau berada di wilayah garis kuning. Pada kondisi ini sangat diperlukan adanya penanganan. Implementasi dilakukan selama 9 hari. Intervensi keperawatan unggulan yang diberikan kepada keluarga untuk mengatasi masalah gizi kurang pada balita yaitu pengaturan porsi makan gizi seimbang dan pembuatan jadwal aktvitas harian. Hasil dari intervensi terlihat adanya peningkatan berat badan pada balita yang mengalami gizi kurang sebanyak 0,3 kg dan terjadi peningkatan nafsu makan pada anak, anakpun mulai meyukai beberapa sayuran dan buah. Evaluasi tingkat kemandiriankeluarga juga mengalami peningkatan dari tingkat I menjadi tingkat III. Penulis merekomendasikan agar perawat keluarga atau komunitas dapat melakukan intervensi pengaturan porsi makan gizi seimbang dan pembuatan jadwal aktivitas harian guna mengatasi masalah gizi kurang pada balita.

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Malnutrition is a health problem that occurs due to lack of nutrients needed by the body. The real case occurred in Child A (3 years old) who had symptoms that showed poor nutrition such as decreased appetite, weight did not increase, fussy, thin and the results of BB/U on the Chart Towards Healthy (KMS) were below the green line or in the yellow line. In this condition, treatment is needed. Implementation was carried out for 9 days. Superior nursing interventions given to families to overcome the problem of malnutrition in toddlers are setting a balanced nutritional meal portion and making a daily activity schedule. The results of the intervention showed an increase in body weight in undernourished toddlers as much as 0.3 kg and an increase in appetite in children, children began to like some vegetables and fruit. Evaluation of the level of family independence also increased from level I to level III. The author recommends that family or community nurses can intervene to regulate portions of balanced nutrition and make a daily activity schedule to overcome the problem of malnutrition in toddlers."

"this study was aimed to assess factors socioeconomic water and sanitation access to health service and immunization status of the children lees than five years with occurrence of stunting in Sikka and Lombok District in in temore Province .our data was secondary data has been collected By Research center UI after analyzing data with stata 2010 unvariat bivariate analysis in summary we find that from 2593 children under five 54.47 were normal and 45.53 were stunted and in multivariate analysis the male children had1.2 time the risk stunted and had significant association with stunting according age of mother at the age 20-30 year have risk 6.1time to stunted age <20 year had 5 time more risk of stunting and significant association with stunted and in socioeconomic have significant association with stunted poor family had 1.1 time more risk to stunted by going high every level socioeconomic prevalence of stunting going down. Use of soap in hygiene activity non us of soap had 1.5 time risk to stunted than who used soap in hygiene activity had less risk to stunted. Use of soap had significant with stunted. And according health service utilization that family who used form selfmedication had more stunted children than who use community private or government facility and health service utilization in long term illness had significant association with stunting."

"Prevalensi status gizi kurang pada anak usia sekolah di Indonesia masih cukup tinggi. Status gizi anak usia sekolah salah satunya ditentukan oleh asupan nutrien, di mana konsumsi jajanan di sekolah memberikan asupan nutrien dalam jumlah yang cukup besar. Pengetahuan anak usia sekolah mengenai kebiasaan jajan dapat berimplikasi pada perilaku jajan sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran status gizi berdasarkan indikator BB/U, TB/U, dan IMT/U, tingkat pengetahuan anak usia sekolah mengenai kebiasaan jajan serta hubungan keduanya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional menggunakan data primer yang diambil dari anak sekolah usia 6-14 tahun di Yayasan X, Pejaten, Jakarta Selatan, pada tanggal 18 Oktober 2009. Sampel diambil menggunakan metode total sampling. Data yang diambil berupa data umum, data antropometrik serta data pengetahuan mengenai kebiasaan jajan menggunakan kuesioner. Jumlah subyek penelitian adalah sebanyak 78 orang dengan rata-rata berusia 10,10 ± 1,43 tahun. Dari pengukuran antropometrik didapatkan rerata berat badan 26,18 ± 5,55 kg dan rerata tinggi badan 130,67 ± 8,32 cm. Persentasi subyek dengan status gizi kurang berdasarkan BB/U sebanyak 51,3%, berdasarkan TB/U sebanyak 32,1% dan berdasarkan IMT/U sebanyak 38,5%. Nilai tengah skor pengetahuan subyek mengenai kebiasaan jajan adalah 6 (1-10), di mana sebanyak 41% subyek memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang kurang. Dengan menggunakan uji Chi Square antara tingkat pengetahuan mengenai kebiasaan jajan dan status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U, didapatkan nilai probabilitas sebesar 0,026 (p<0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan mengenai kebiasaan jajan dengan status gizi berdasarkan IMT/U pada anak usia sekolah di Yayasan X, Pejaten, Jakarta Selatan tahun 2009.

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Prevalence of poor nutritional status among school-age children in Indonesia remains high. Nutrient intake is one of factors that determine school-age children nutritional status, and the consumption of snacks at school-environment provides large amount of nutrient intake. Their knowledge about snack habits implicate on their daily snack behavior. This study was conducted to determine the distribution of nutritional status based on indicators WAP, HAP, and BMI, the knowledge of school-age children about snack consumption and their association. This study was conducted with a cross sectional design using data taken from primary school children aged 6-14 years in the Yayasan X, Pejaten, Jakarta Selatan, on October 18, 2009. Samples were taken using the total sampling method. Data was taken in the form of common data, anthropometric data and knowledge level about snack consumption using a questionnaire.

Total subjects were 78 people with an average age of 10.10 ± 1.43 years. Anthropometric measurements obtained resulted mean weight 26.18 ± 5.55 kg and mean height 130.67 ± 8.32 cm. Percentage of subjects with poor nutritional status based on WAP as much as 51.3%, based on the HAP as much as 32.1% and based on the BMI as much as 38.5%. The mean score of knowledge about snack consumption habits is 6 (1-10), where as many as 41% of subjects had poor knowledge level. The Chi Square test were used to measure the association between the knowledge about the snack consumtpion and nutritional status. Probability value of 0.026 (p <0.05) was obtained based on BMI and knowledge-level. There is an association between the knowledge snack consumption and nutritional status based on BMI / U on school-age children in the Yayasan X, Pejaten, Jakarta Selatan in 2009."