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"Diabetes melitus dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi yang menyebabkan hendaya, salah satunya adalah ulkus kaki diabetikum (UKD). Kadar vitamin D diketahui berhubungan dengan penyembuhan luka dan resistensi insulin. Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan antara kadar vitamin D serum dan derajat keparahan UKD. Tiga puluh pasien UKD dengan nilai ankle brachial index normal dikelompokkan sesuai derajat keparahannya sesuai klasifikasi Wagner diikutkan dalam studi ini. Kadar vitamin D serum diperiksa menggunakan metode immunoassay. Hubungan antara kedua variabel dianalisis. Pasien terdiri dari 18 orang laki-laki (60%) dan 12 orang perempuan (40%) dengan rerata usia 57 tahun. Rerata kadar vitamin D serum adalah 10,58 ng/mL. Korelasi kuat ditemukan antara kadar vitamin D serum dan derajat keparahan UKD (p<0,001, r=0,901). Pemeriksaan penyaring kadar vitamin D serum pada pasien UKD menunjukkan hasil yang rendah dan berkorelasi kuat dengan derajat keparahan UKD

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Diabetes mellitus can cause various disabilitating complications including diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Vitamin D levels are known to be correlated with wound healing and insulin resistance. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the correlation between serum level of vitamin D and the severity degree of DFU. Thirty DFU patients with normal ankle brachial index, grouped into degrees according to the Wagner classification, were included in this study. Their serum level of vitamin D were examined using the chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Correlation between these two variables was analyzed. Patients were 18 males (60%) and 12 females (40%) with an average age of 57 years. The average serum level of vitamin D was 10.58 ng/mL. Strong correlation was found between serum level of vitamin D and the severity of DFU (p<0.001, r=0.901). Serum level of vitamin D screening in DFU patients were low and were strongly correlated with the degree of DFU."

"Introduction: Diabetes mellitus can cause various complications, including diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). Vitamin D levels are known to be correlated with wound healing and insulin resistance. Method: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the correlation between the serum level of vitamin D and the severity degree of DFU. Thirty DFU patients with normal ankle- brachial index, grouped into degrees according to the Wagner classification, were included in this study. Their serum level of vitamin D was examined using the chemiluminescent immunoassay method. The correlation between these two variables was analyzed. Results: Patients were 18 males (60%) and 12 females (40%) with an average age of 57 years. The average serum level of vitamin D was 10.58 ng/mL. A significant correlation was found between the serum level of vitamin D and the severity of DFU (r= -0.901, p <0.001)."

"Latar Belakang: Stroke iskemik merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak kedua dan penyebab utama disabilitas di seluruh dunia. Beberapa faktor risiko yang sudah diketahui diantaranya pola hidup, penyakit komorbid, usia, jenis kelamin, dan ras. Namun, kadar serum vitamin D yang kurang ternyata juga dikaitkan dengan penyakit neurodegeneratif, serta luaran klinis yang lebih buruk. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar serum vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan pada stroke iskemik yang dinilai berdasarkan NIHSS. Pada penelitian ini juga akan menilai asupan vitamin D serta pajanan sinar matahari.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada pasien stroke iskemik di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Universitas Indonesia. Karakteristik subjek penelitian berupa usia, jenis kelamin, faktor risiko, penyakit komorbid dengan komplikasi, asupan protein, asupan lemak, asupan vitamin D, pajanan sinar matahari, kadar serum vitamin D, serta derajat keparahan. Dilakukan analisis korelasi kadar serum vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan berdasarkan NIHSS.Hasil: Terdapat 59 subjek dengan diagnosis stroke iskemik dengan rerata usia 63 tahun dan mayoritas laki-laki (62,7%). Faktor risiko terbanyak adalah hipertensi (83,1%), berat badan lebih dan obesitas (64,4%), merokok (57,6%), dan diabetes melitus (42,4%). Penyakit komorbid dengan komplikasi tersering yang ditemukan adalah gangguan jantung (35,6%). Sebanyak 79,7% subjek penelitian memiliki asupan protein yang kurang, sedangkan asupan lemak seluruhnya tergolong cukup. Sebagian besar (52,5%) subjek penelitian memiliki status asupan vitamin D kurang, 5 orang mengonsumsi suplementasi vitamin D secara rutin, derajat pajanan sinar matahari rendah (89,8%). Sebanyak 59,3% memiliki status kadar serum vitamin D defisiensi dengan derajat keparahan terbanyak adalah skor NIHSS 5-15 (76,3%). Terdapat korelasi antara asupan vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan stroke iskemik (r -0,307, p 0,018).Kesimpulan: Kadar serum vitamin D memiliki korelasi dengan derajat keparahan stroke iskemik (r -0,469, p <0,001). Kadar serum vitamin D yang kurang berbanding terbalik dengan skor NIHSS yang didapatkan pada penderita stroke iskemik onset akut.

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Background: Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Some of the known risk factors include lifestyle, comorbid diseases, age, gender, and race. However, deficient serum vitamin D levels are also associated with neurodegenerative diseases, as well as worse clinical outcomes. This study was conducted to determine the correlation of serum vitamin D levels with severity in ischemic stroke as assessed by the NIHSS. This study will also assess vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study on ischemic stroke patients at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and University of Indonesia Hospital. Characteristics of the study subjects included age, gender, risk factors, comorbid diseases with complications, protein intake, fat intake, vitamin D intake, sun exposure, serum vitamin D levels, and severity. Correlation analysis of serum vitamin D levels with severity based on NIHSS was conducted.

Results: There were 59 subjects with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke with an average age of 63 years and the majority were male (62.7%). The most common risk factors were hypertension (83.1%), overweight and obesity (64.4%), smoking (57.6%), and diabetes mellitus (42.4%). Comorbid disease with the most common complication found were cardiac disorders (35.6%). A total of 79.7% of the study subjects had insufficient protein intake, while the fat intake was entirely considered adequate. Most (52.5%) of the study subjects had deficient vitamin D intake status, 5 people took vitamin D supplementation regularly, the degree of sun exposure was low (89.8%). A total of 59.3% had vitamin D deficiency serum level status with the most severity being NIHSS score 5-15 (76.3%). There was a correlation between vitamin D intake and ischemic stroke severity (r -0,307, p 0,018).

Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels have a correlation with ischemic stroke severity (r -0,469, p <0,001). Insufficient serum vitamin D levels are inversely proportional to the NIHSS score obtained in patients with acute onset ischemic stroke."

"Salah satu peran sistem imunitas terhadap infeksi M.leprae adalah respons makrofag melalui interaksinya dengan vitamin D dan reseptor vitamin D (RVD). Interaksi vitamin D dengan RVD pada berbagai sel imun akan menstimulasi ekspresi katelisidin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) dan kadar plasma RVD serta hubungannya dengan IB pada pasien kusta. Penelitian ini berupa observasional-analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 28 subjek penelitian (SP) menjalani pemeriksaan slit-skin smear kemudian diagnosis kusta ditegakkan berdasarkan tanda kardinal kusta. Penelitian ini juga menilai kecukupan pajanan matahari menggunakan kuesioner pajanan matahari mingguan. Kadar serum 25(OH)D diperiksa dengan metode chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) dan kadar plasma RVD dilakukan dengan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median kadar serum 25(OH)D adalah 12,68 ng/ml (4,88 – 44,74). Median kadar plasma RVD adalah 1,36 ng/ml (0,26 – 8,04). Berdasarkan analisis regresi multivariat, tidak terdapat hubungan antara IB dengan kadar serum 25(OH)D dan kadar plasma RVD (R square = 0,055). Tedapat korelasi positif kuat antara kadar serum 25(OH)D dengan skor pajanan sinar matahari (r = 0,863; p < 0,001).

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One of many immunity system’s roles against M. leprae infection is macrophage response through its interaction with vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR). The interaction between vitamin D and VDR in various immune cells will stimulate the expression of cathelicidin. The objective is to analyze the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D) and plasma level of VDR as well as their association with IB in leprosy patients. This observational analytic study was performed with cross-sectional design. A total of 28 subjects underwent a slit-skin smear examination and then the diagnosis of leprosy was made based on the cardinal signs. This study also assessed the patient’s sun exposure with weekly sun exposure questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D level was assessed with chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method and RVD plasma level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median serum level of 25(OH)D was 12.68 ng/ml (4.88 – 44.74). Median plasma level of VDR was 1.36 ng/ml (0.26 – 8.04). Based on multivariate regression analysis, there was no significant association between BI and serum level of 25(OH)D and plasma level of VDR (R square = 0.055). There was strong positive correlation between serum level of 25(OH)D and sun exposure score (r = 0.863; p < 0.001)."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang. Diabetes mellitus DM merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis yang komplikasinya masih menjadi masalah besar di Indonesia. Salah satu komplikasi DM yang paling sering dan sering berakhir dengan kecacatan adalah kaki diabetik. Angka amputasi di Indonesia khususnya di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo RSCM masih cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan negara lain di Asia. Salah satu faktor predisposisi amputasi kaki diabetik adalah perfusi jaringan yang dapat diukur dengan ankle brachial index ABI . Studi sebelumnya menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara ABI dengan kejadian amputasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan nilai ABI dengan besarnya risiko terjadinya amputasi minor dan mayor pada penderita kaki diabetic dalam populasi kami.Metode. Kami melakukan studi retrospektif pada 84 subjek dengan kaki diabetik yang diamputasi di RSCM selama periode 1 Januari 2013 sampai dengan 31 Desember 2014. Karakteristik subjek dan vaskular termasuk diantaranya ABI dianalisa secara statistik.Hasil. Kami dapatkan sepsis dengan adjusted OR 95 CI : 0,023 0,004 sampai 0,157 dan nilai ABI yang memiliki adjusted OR 95 CI : 2,89 1,33 sampai 6,29 merupakan variabel yang bermakna dengan kejadian amputasi pada pasien kaki diabetik.Kesimpulan. Subjek dengan nilai ABI 1,3 secara independen.

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AbstractBackgroundhr>ABSTRACT. Diabetes mellitus is one of the chronic diseases in which the complication is still a major problem in Indonesia. One of the most frequent complications of diabetes mellitus and often ends up with a disability is diabetic foot. The number of amputation in Indonesia, especially in dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital RSCM is quite high compared to other countries in Asia. One of predisposing factors of diabetic foot amputation is the tissue perfusion that can be measured by the ankle brachial index ABI . All the studies carried out abroad and in RSCM show a significant relationship between ABI and the incidence of amputation. This study aims to determine the relationship of ABI score with the magnitude of minor and major amputation risks in patients with diabetic foot.Method. The retrospective study was conducted in 84 patients with diabetic foot that were amputated at the RSCM during the period of January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. Samples were taken consecutively. Statistical analysis is done to find out a relationship between predisposing factors with the incidence of minor and major amputations in patients with diabetic foot. Chi Square test or Fisher, as well as multivariate analysis using logistic regression is used. The significance if p was "

"Latar Belakang. Penyembuhan luka kaki diabetik (LKD) memerlukan waktu yang lama sehingga risiko infeksi, amputasi, dan kematian menjadi lebih tinggi. Salah satu parameter untuk menilai penyembuhan luka adalah pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi. Kadar Vitamin D diketahui terkait dengan risiko terjadinya LKD, infeksi, dan penyembuhan luka. Namun sampai saat ini masih belum diketahui pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi LKD.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar vitamin D serum awal perawatan dengan kecnepatan pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi luka kaki diabetik pada perawatan hari ke-21.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan tersimpan berupa serum dan dokumentasi foto LKD dari penelitian sebelumnya. Analisis kadar 25(OH)D pada sampel serum darah awal perawatan menggunakan metode Elisa. Sedangkan analisis kecepatan pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi dinilai berdasarkan hasil foto LKD pasien pada visit ke-4 dengan menggunakan program ImageJ.Hasil. Dari 52 sampel yang dianalisis, kadar 25(OH)D pada awal perawatan menunjukan nilai median = 8.8 ng/mL. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa tidak didapatkan hubungan antara kadar vitamin D dengan kecepatan pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi (p=0.815).Kesimpulan. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar vitamin D serum awal perawatan dengan kecepatan pertumbuhan jaringan granulasi luka kaki diabetik pada perawatan hari ke-21.

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Background. Wound in diabetic foot ulcer need a long time to heal which increase risk of infection, amputataion and mortality. One of the criteria in wound healing is growth of granulation tissue. Vitamin D level is known to be related to increase incidence of diabetic foot ulcer, infection, and wound healing. But until now, the effect of vitamin D to the growth of granulation tissue is not clear.

Objective. To know the Association between initial serum vitamin D level with granulation growth rate of diabetic foot ulcer after 21 days of treatment.

Methods. This research uses stored sample in form of serum and footage documentation. It is the initial blood sample from 52 patients with DFU before starting treatment. Vitamin D is calculated with 25 (OH) D level by using ELISA. Analysis of growth in granulation tissue is counted by comparing the footage documentation at initial treatment to the 21st day of treatment with the help of ImageJ software.

Result. From 52 analysed sample, vitamin D level at initial presentation showed a median value of 8.8 ng/mL. The result of the analysis showed that there was no statistically significant association between vitamin D level with the granulation growth rate of diabetic foot ulcer (p=0,815).

Conclusion. There is no significant association between initial serum vitamin D level with granulation growth rate of diabetic foot ulcer after 21 days of treatment."

"ABSTRAKUlkus kaki diabetikum merupakan salah satu komplikasi kronis Diabetes Melitus yang biasanya muncul 10 tahun setelah onset Diabetes Melitus. Ulkus kaki diabetikum dapat menimbulkan sensasi nyeri dan ketidaknyamanan yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas tidur pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara tingkat keparahan ulkus dengan kualitas tidur pada pasien ulkus kaki diabetikum di Rumah Perawatan Luka RUMAT Wilayah Bekasi dan Jakarta. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang Cross-Sectional . Sebanyak 73 pasien ulkus kaki diabetikum dilibatkan dan diwawancarai melalui teknik purposed random sampling. Kuesioner yang digunakan adalah PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index untuk menilai kualitas tidur pasien dan format pengkajian luka Wagner untuk menilai derajat keparahan ulkus pasien. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji chi square dan menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara tingkat keparahan ulkus dengan kualitas tidur pada pasien ulkus kaki diabetikum p=0,004; ? ? =0,05. Pasien dengan luka yang lebih parah berisiko 5,2 kali lebih tinggi memiliki kualitas tidur buruk dibandingkan dengan pasien dengan derajat luka yang lebih ringan 95 CI: 1,783;15,475. Melalui hasil penelitian ini direkomendasikan peningkatan perawatan luka untuk proses penyembuhan yang lebih berkualitas. Hal tersebut untuk mewujudkan kualitas tidur yang lebih baik.

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ABSTRACTDiabetic foot ulcer is one of Diabetes Mellitus chronic complications that occur around 10 years after Diabetes Mellituss onset. Ulcers made sense of pain and discomfort that affecting patient 39s sleep quality. This study identified the relation between ulcers severity with sleep quality among diabetic foot ulcer patients in Clinic of Wound Care RUMAT Bekasi and Jakarta. Design of this study is analytical with cross sectional approach. That are 73 patients with diabetic foot ulcer who participated and interviewed by a purposed random sampling technique. Two kinds or questionnaire are used, namely Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index PSQI to assess patient 39 s sleep quality and Wagner 39s Wound Assessment Format to assess patients ulcer severity. The result are analyzed using Chi square test and showed a significant relationship between ulcer severity and sleep quality among diabetic foot ulcer patient rsquo s p 0,004 0,05. Patients with more ulcer severity had 5,2 time more risk to have poor sleep quality than patients with low severity ulcer 95 CI 1.783 15.475. From the results, it is recommended to improve wound care quality. It should be considered for better sleep quality among diabetic patients. "

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Vitamin D diketahui berperan penting dalam memodulasi sistem imunitas. Defisiensi vitamin D sering dihubungkan dengan peningkatan risiko kerentanan dan keparahan terhadap berbagai penyakit infeksi. Penelitian yang meninjau hubungan antara vitamin D dan dengue sangat terbatas. Dengue adalah penyakit dengan beban kesehatan global yang besar, eksplorasi terhadap faktor imunomodulator yang berpotensi untuk menjadi bagian dari upaya pencegahan dan tatalaksana infeksi dengue termasuk vitamin D masih diperlukan.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah ada perbedaan rerata kadar vitamin D serum pada berbagai derajat keparahan infeksi dengue di masing-masing fase infeksi.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan dari Oktober 2016-Januari 2018 terhadap 61 pasien dengan infeksi dengue di RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Data dikumpulkan melalui rekam medik, hasil pemeriksaan ultrasonografi, kadar 25(OH)D, serta foto rontgen toraks decubitus kanan. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji anova, kai kuadrat, Fisher exact, regresi linear dan logistik dengan interval kepercayaan 95% dan nilai kemaknaan 0.05.Hasil. Rerata kadar vitamin D serum pada infeksi dengue dengan kebocoran plasma (DD) adalah 24.6 ng/ml. Pada infeksi dengue dengan kebocoran plasma (DBD dan SSD) rerata kadar vitamin D pada fase demam adalah 26.66 ng/ml, 21.91 ng/ml pada fase kritis, dan 25.36 ng/ml pada fase konvalesens. Tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan dan hubungan bermakna antara kadar serta status kecukupan vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan infeksi dengue. Kadar vitamin serum pada fase akut infeksi dengue memiliki korelasi positif dengan hitung trombosit terendah (p=0.03).Simpulan. Kadar vitamin D serum pada berbagai derajat infeksi dengue di masing-masing fase infeksi pada anak tidak berbeda bermakna. Kadar vitamin D serum pada fase demam berhubungan dengan hitung trombosit terendah pada kasus dengue.

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ABSTRACTBackground. Vitamin D has an important role in modulating the immune system. Low level of vitamin D is frequently associated with higher risk of susceptibility and severity to various infectious disease. Studies on dengue infection and vitamin D are still limited. Until today dengue is known to have a high global burden of disease. Therefore, a continouing investigation on potential modulating factors that may be beneficial in the efforts of dengue prevention and management which includes vitamin D is still required.Objectives. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the difference of vitamin D serum values in various levels of dengue infection severity in children in each phase of disease.Methods. A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2016 until January 2018 at Mohammad Hoesin Hospital Palembang. Sixty-one children with dengue infection were included in this study. Data were collected from medical records, ultrasonograpy, 25(OH)D laboratory test, and right lateral decubitus xray. Statistical analysis was calculated with anova, chi-square, fisher exact, linear and logistic regression with 95% confidence interval and 0.05 level of significance.Results. The mean value of 25(OH)D in dengue infection without plasma leakage (Dengeu Fever) is 24.6 ng/ml, while in dengue infection with plasma leakage (Dengue Hemorhaggic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome) the mean value are 26.66 ng/ml in febrile phase, 21.91 ng/ml in critical phase, and 25.36 ng/ml in convalescence phase. No significant difference and association were found between the values and status of vitamin D among various level of dengue infection severity. A positive linear correlation was found between the level of vitamin D in the febrile phase dengue infection and thrombocyte lowest count (p=0.03)Conclusions. There are no difference between the value of vitamin D among children with various levels of dengue infection severity in each phase of disease. Vitamin D serum level during febrile phase may have a role in predicting thrombocyte lowest count during dengue infection."

"Latar belakang: Alopesia androgenetik (AAG) merupakan jenis kebotakan rambut paling umum pada laki-laki yang menyebabkan gangguan estetik sehingga memengaruhi kualitas hidup dan dapat berkaitan dengan kondisi sistemik. Tata laksana yang ada seringkali belum memuaskan. Vitamin D sebagai salah satu mikronutrien yang telah dikenal memiliki banyak manfaat juga diduga berperan dalam kejadian kelainan rambut termasuk AAG.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kadar 25(OH)D serum dan status kecukupan vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan AAG pada laki-laki.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian dipilih menggunakan metode consecutive sampling berdasarkan kriteria penelitian. Diagnosis AAG ditegakkan secara klinis berdasarkan klasifikasi Hamilton-Norwood lalu dibagi menjadi derajat ringan dan sedang-berat. Dilakukan pula fotografi 7 posisi kepala serta pemeriksaan trikoskopi dan Trichoscan®. Pemeriksaan kadar 25(OH)D serum diambil dari darah vena sebanyak 3 mL dan menggunakan metode chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). Klasifikasi status kecukupan vitamin D ditetapkan menjadi defisiensi dan nondefisiensi berdasarkan Endocrine Society Guideline. Nilai p<0,05 dianggap bermakna secara statistik.Hasil: Di antara 74 SP dengan rerata usia 37,4(8,89) tahun yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian, sebanyak 29 orang (39,2%) mengalami AAG ringan dan 45 orang (60,8%) mengalami AAG sedang hingga berat. Rerata kadar 25(OH)D serum untuk seluruh SP adalah 18,9(5,89) ng/mL yang termasuk ke dalam kategori defisiensi vitamin D. Rerata kadar 25(OH)D serum pada SP dengan AAG ringan adalah 21,8(6,39) ng/mL dan pada AAG sedang hingga berat sebesar 17,1(4,79) ng/mL. Terdapat hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara kadar 25(OH)D serum dan status kecukupan vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan AAG (p=0,01; p<0,001). Sebagai data tambahan, ditemukan pula hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara diameter rambut (p=0,036) dengan derajat keparahan AAG.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status kecukupan vitamin D dengan kadar 25(OH)D serum dengan derajat keparahan AAG pada laki-laki.

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Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss in men which causes aesthetic disturbances that affect quality of life and can be associated with systemic conditions. Existing management is often not satisfactory. Vitamin D, as a micronutrient that is known to have many benefits, is also thought to play a role in the incidence of hair disorders including AGA.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D sufficiency status with the severity of AGA in men.

Method: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The study subjects were selected using consecutive sampling. The diagnosis of AGA was established clinically according to the Hamilton-Norwood classification and then categorized into mild and moderate-severe degrees. Photographs of the head in seven positions were taken, and trichoscopy and Trichoscan® examinations were performed. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured from 3 mL of venous blood using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) method. Vitamin D status was classified as deficient or non-deficient according to the Endocrine Society Guideline. Statistical significance were set at p<0.05.

Results: Among the 74 subjects with a mean age of 37.4 (8.89) years, 29 (39.2%) had mild AGA and 45 (60.8%) had moderate to severe AGA. The mean serum 25(OH)D level for all participants was 18.9 (5.89) ng/mL, indicating vitamin D deficiency. For those with mild AGA, the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 21.8 (6.39) ng/mL, while for those with moderate to severe AGA, it was 17.1 (4.79) ng/mL. There was a statistically significant association between serum 25(OH)D levels and vitamin D status with AGA severity (p=0.01; p<0.001). Additionally, a significant association was found between hair diameter and AGA severity (p=0.036).

Conclusion: This study found significant association between vitamin D status and serum 25(OH)D levels with AGA severity in men"

"Latar belakang: Diabetes melitus merupakan faktor risiko penting terjadinyaaterosklerosis, aterosklerosis merupakan penyakit sistemik yang bisa terjadi di seluruhpembuluh darah baik pada mikrovaskular maupun makrovaskular. Adanya buktiiskemia akibat stenosis yang disebabkan aterosklerosis pada salah satu pembuluh darah,mengharuskan kita lebih waspada akan adanya proses aterosklerosis di tempat lain.NPD di kaki terjadi akibat komplikasi diabetes pada mikrovaskular yang akhirnyamengakibatkan kerusakan pada persarafan di kaki. Maka perlu mewaspadai prosesateroslerosis di tempat lain, baik pada pembuluh arteri makro maupun mikrovaskular dikaki. Pemeriksaan non invasif untuk melihat adanya ganguan makrovaskular di kakimenggunakan ABI dan TBI sedangkan untuk gangguan mikrovaskular dengan TcPO2.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk dapat menilai hubungan derajat neuropati perifer diabetikyang dinilai dengan TCSS dengan proses ateroskerosis dipembuluh darah kaki, baikyang makrovaskular dengan ABI dan TBI maupun mikrovaskular TcPo2 pada pasienDM tipe 2.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada pasien DM tipe 2 dengan NPDdengan nilai TCSS >5 di Poliklinik Pelayanan Jantung Terpadu, poliklinik Endokrindan Metabolik dan Poliklinik Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Umum RSCM. Data diperoleh dariwawancara, rekam medik, pemeriksaan ABI, TBI dan TcPO2. Variabel penelitianberupa derajat neuropati perifer, ABI, TBI dan TcPO2. Analisis bivariat terhadapmasing-masing variable dengan menggunakan uji Spearman.Hasil: Sebanyak 36 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria pemilihan diikutkan dalampenelitian, rerata usia 62 tahun dengan 20 (55,6%) di antaranya perempuan dan medianlama diabetes 12 tahun. Berdasarkan analisa bivariat dengan uji spearman penelitian inimendapatkan korelasi negatif yang bermakna secara statistik dengan koefisien korelasisedang antara derajat neuropati perifer diabetik yang dinilai dengan TCSS dengan ABI(r = -0,475, p = 0,003) dan TBI (r = -0,421, p = 0,010). Dan pada pemeriksaan TcPO2juga di dapatkan korelasi negatif yang bermakna secara statistik dengan koefisienkorelasi sedang ( r = -0,399, p = 0,016)Simpulan : Terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermaksa secara statistik antara derajatneuropati perifer diabetik dengan ABI, TBI dan TcPO2.

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is important risk factor of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is systemic disease that can occur in all blood vessels both

microvascular and macrovascular. There is evidence of ischemia due to stenosis caused

by atherosclerosis in one blood vessel, which requires us to be more aware with the

process of atherosclerosis in other places. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in the

lower extremity results from complications of diabetes in the microvascular which can

damage nerve in the lower extremity. Then it is necessary to be aware of the process of

aterosclerosis elsewhere, both in the macro and microvascular arteries in the lower

extremity. Non-invasive examination to look macrovascular disorders in the lower

extremity are using ankle brachial index (ABI) and toe brachial index (TBI) while for

microvascular disorders with TcPO2. This study was conducted to assess the

association of the degree of diabetic peripheral neuropathy assessed by toronto clinical

scoring system (TCSS) with the process of atherosclerosis in the blood vessels of the

lower extremity, both macrovascular with ABI and TBI as well as microvascular TcPo2

in Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM)

Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with type 2 DM with DPN

with TCSS values> 5 in the Integrated Cardiac Polyclinic, Endocrine and Metabolic

Polyclinic, and Internal Medicine Polyclinics at RSCM. The Data were obtained from

interviews, medical records, ABI, TBI and TcPO2 examinations. The research variables

are the degree of peripheral neuropathy, ABI, TBI and TcPO2. Bivariate analysis of

each variable was used the Spearman test.

Results: Total of 36 subjects who met the selection criteria were included in the study,

the average age was 62 years with 20 (55.6%) of whom were women and the median

duration of diabetes was 12 years. Based on bivariate analysis with the Spearman test,

this study found a statistically significant negative correlation with moderate correlation

coefficient between the degree of diabetic peripheral neuropathy assessed by TCSS with

ABI (r = -0.475, p = 0.003) and TBI (r = -0.421, p = 0.010) . The TcPO2 examination

also found a statistically significant negative correlation with moderate correlation

coefficient (r = -0.399, p = 0.016)

Conclusion : There is a statistically significant negative correlation between the degree of diabetic peripheral neuropathy with ABI, TBI and TcPO2 examinations."