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"[ABSTRAKKonsep mengenai conflict prevention atau penecegahan konflik merupakankonsep yang terus berkembang seiring dengan berkembangnya karakter konflik.Namun demikian, pencegahan konflik seringkali diabaikan dan tidak ditanggapidengan serius karena banyaknya keraguan yang muncul pada aktor-aktorinternasional dan negara sebagai pihak ketiga, terutama karena hasil akhir daripencegahan konflik yang tidak berwujud. Padahal, pencegahan konflik pentingsebab jika konflik sudah pecah menjadi konfrontasi terbuka dan telah melibatkanpenggunaan kekerasan, biaya dan upaya yang dibutuhkan untuk mengatasinyaakan jauh lebih besar, ditambah lagi jumlah korban serta kerugian moral danmateriil yang ditimbulkan juga sangat besar. Di sisi lain, banyak juga literaturyang menyuarakan pendapat positifnya terkait pencegahan konflik dan PBBsebagai organisasi internasional juga telah melakukan upaya-upaya untukpencegahan konflik. Oleh karena itu, tinjauan pustaka ini akan mengkaji literaturliteratur terkait pencegahan konflik untuk melihat dinamika perkembangan pencegahan konflik pasca-Perang Dingin.

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ABSTRACTConflict prevention is seen as a concept that keeps evolving along with thecharacters of conflict. However, conflict prevention is often ignored and not takenseriously because there are many doubts from international actors and states as athird party, especially since the result of conflict prevention are intangible. As amatter of fact, conflict prevention is actually needed because if the conflict hadalready broken out into open confrontation and has involved violence, the costsand efforts required to overcome them will be much greater, moreover the numberof victims as well as the moral and material losses will be very large. On the otherhand, many literatures also expressed their positive view regarding conflictprevention and the UN as an international organization has also made efforts forconflict prevention. Therefore, this literature review will examine literatures on conflict prevention to look at the dynamics of the development of conflict prevention in the post-Cold War era. , Conflict prevention is seen as a concept that keeps evolving along with thecharacters of conflict. However, conflict prevention is often ignored and not takenseriously because there are many doubts from international actors and states as athird party, especially since the result of conflict prevention are intangible. As amatter of fact, conflict prevention is actually needed because if the conflict hadalready broken out into open confrontation and has involved violence, the costsand efforts required to overcome them will be much greater, moreover the numberof victims as well as the moral and material losses will be very large. On the otherhand, many literatures also expressed their positive view regarding conflictprevention and the UN as an international organization has also made efforts forconflict prevention. Therefore, this literature review will examine literatures on conflict prevention to look at the dynamics of the development of conflict prevention in the post-Cold War era. ]"

"Penelitian ini menempatkan Indonesia di antara hubungannya dengan kedua Korea sebagai fokus utama. Indonesia merupakan satu dari sedikit negara di dunia yang mengakui dan menjalin hubungan diplomatik dengan kedua Korea sekaligus, terkhusus pada masa Perang Dingin. Posisi diplomatiknya yang strategis tersebut membawa Indonesia dapat memainkan kepentingan nasionalnya terhadap kedua Korea. Hal itu terlihat dari banyak kebijakan diplomatiknya dalam kurun Perang Dingin. Kebijakan dan arah politik luar negeri Indonesia terhadap kedua Korea itu diejawantahkan dengan baik oleh para aktor utama dalam negeri. Para aktor tersebut di antaranya Soeharto, Adam Malik, Soedjono Hoemardani, Benny Moerdani, Ali Moertopo, dan Slamet Danusudirjo. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri atas empat tahap yakni heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Dalam proses interpretasi, penelitian ini menggunakan konsep sejarah transnasional yang diperkenalkan oleh Akira Iriye. Sedangkan dalam tahap historiografi penelitian ini meminjam konsep struktur dari Anthony Giddens, konsep aktor dari Mochtar Masoed dan teori pengambilan keputusan dari Richard Snyder. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia selama kurun Perang Dingin telah menjadi negara yang mampu memanfaatkan konflik Semenanjung Korea sebagai instrumen untuk memenuhi kepentingan nasionalnya. Indonesia ibarat bandul yang berdiri di antara dua bandul lainnya dalam sebuah pendulum. Indonesia bergerak condong ke salah satu Korea mengikuti kepentingan nasionalnya.

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This study places Indonesia in the middle of its relations with the two Koreas as the primary focus. Its also examining Indonesia's role as one of the few countries in the world that recognises and establishes diplomatic relations with both Koreas at once, especially during the Cold War. This study explores Indonesia's strategic diplomatic position, which enables it to pursue its national interests towards the two Koreas. It was evidenced by its numerous diplomatic policies during the Cold War. The Indonesian government's approach towards the two Koreas is characterised by the actions of prominent domestic actors, including Soeharto, Adam Malik, Soedjono Hoemardani, Benny Moerdani, Ali Moertopo, and Slamet Danusudirjo. This study used a historical method consisting of four stages: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The interpretation process employs the concept of transnational history, as introduced by Akira Iriye, while the historiography stage draws upon the concept of structure from Anthony Giddens, the concept of actors from Mochtar Masoed, and the decision making theory from Richard Snyder.The study's findings indicate that during the Cold War, Indonesia utilised the Korean Peninsula conflict as a means to pursue its national interests. Indonesia finds itself in a position that could be likened to that of a pendulum, oscillating between two other pendulums. It appears that Indonesia is pursuing a course that aligns with its national interests, moving closer to one of the Koreas."

"Summary: What has the end of the Cold War meant for East Asia, and for how its people understand their recent history? These thought-provoking essays explore a vigorously contested area in public culture, the wars of the modern era."

"After the Cold War, traditional deterrence theory has come under criticism from a number of perspectives, including the reduced value of deterrence accompanying the disappearance of conflicts between major powers, and the ineffectiveness of deterrence in dealing with regional adversaries and radical international terrorist organizations. Complex deterrence theory considers not only the nuclear weapons-based dyadic deterrence of the Cold War era but also the complicated deterrence relationships that encompass countries suspected of developing nuclear weapons such as North Korea and Iran, as well as non-state actors such as international terrorist organizations. This theory also examines the use of various military technologies other than nuclear weapons, as well as nonmilitary means, in deterrence. Although the theory has yet to be systemized to the same extent as Cold War nuclear deterrence theory, it nonetheless incorporates beneficial perspectives from which to analyze the post-Cold War security environment."