Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"ABSTRAKThe retention basin is a tub or pond that can accommodate or absorb water while it is contained in it. retention basin is the most effective and efficient system in handling floods that occur in an area. an environmentally flood control effort needs to be done such as retention basin. this study aims to plan the dimensions of retention basins from the central region of the Deli river. planning the volumje of retention basins made around Deli river is calculated using maximum daily rainfall data of Deli river area. maximum rainfall data can be obtained from Climatology Meteorology and Geophysies Agency (BMKG) Medan City or Dinas PSDA Medan. The maximum daily rainfall is calculated first then the volume, the retention basin construction can accommodate the excessive water discharge of the Deli River. from the results of 25 years rainfall period data processing with Nakayashu method obtained Qplan of 229 m3/s is used to design drainage channel plan. The obtained the capacity of retention basin at the center of 6462288 m3. Then the retention basin dimension planned with area of 2154096 m2 and depth of 3 m. "

"ABSTRAKPulau Flores bagian timur yakni di daerah Kabupaten Flores Timur, Sikka, Ende, dan Nagekeo merupakan kawasan yang masuk dalam kategori semi-arid. Daerah tersebut memiliki curah hujan rata-rata bulanan yang hanya berkisar antara 57,17 188,08 mm/bulan, sementara evapotranspirasi rata-rata bulanan yang terjadi lebih tinggi, yakni berkisar antara 164,91 185,57 mm/bulan. Oleh karena itu, jumlah ketersediaan air pada musim kemarau cukup rendah, sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya pemanenan air hujan dengan memperbesar kapasitas tampungan permukaan. Salah satu alternatif yang tepat ialah dengan membangun embung. Parameter penting dalam perhitungan ketersediaan jumlah air pada embung ialah nilai koefisien limpasan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah untuk mendapatkan nilai koefisien limpasan permukaan pada 15 buah embung di Pulau Flores bagian timur dengan menggunakanan data curah hujan dan data klimatologi terbaru.Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan metode analisis matematis diperoleh nilai koefisien limpasan permukaan pada embung kecil di Pulau Flores bagian timur berkisar antara 0,00 - 0,72. Untuk nilai koefisien limpasan permukaan terendah terjadi pada bulan November yang hanya berkisar antara 0,00 0,39 dan nilai koefisien limpasan tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Januari yakni berkisar antara 0,48 0,72."

"This volume considers the implications of the environmental change-development nexus for water management, river health and hazard awareness. These ideas are mirrored in the four case study chapters which deal with water governance in the Mekong Basin (Hirsch), hybrid adoption of water resource technologies in India (Barbanente et al.), determination of sediment dynamics in Java Rijsdijk), and ecological conservation imperatives in the headwaters of the Yellow, Yangtze and Mekong rivers in western China (Li et al.)."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang Keanekaragaman parem Etnis Karo di Pasar Pancur Batu, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendokumentasikan pengetahuan lokal pedagang obat tradisional etnis Karo di Pasar Pancur Batu, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara dalam pemanfaatan parem.Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara semistruktural dan terbuka serta pengambilan data tumbuhan untuk dilakukan identifikasi. Wawancara dilakukan pada tujuh pedagang dari tujuh kios yang terdapat di pasar Pancur Batu. Pertanyaan meliputi jenis parem, kegunaan, bahan baku yang digunakan, dan cara pembuatan parem.Tumbuhan obat yang digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan parem mencapai 145 spesies dari 49 famili. Parem dengan jumlah bahan tumbuhan tertinggi terdapat pada parem dingin yang berjumlah rata-rata 43 spesies tumbuhan. Zingiberaceae merupakan famili yang memiliki spesies bahan penyusun parem terbanyak yaitu berjumlah 20 spesies tumbuhan. Sebanyak 40 famili tumbuhan obat dimanfaatkan pada bagian daun. Sebanyak 69% dari 145 spesies tumbuhan obat bahan pembuatan parem berhabitus herba.Parem dingin merupakan parem yang memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut karena memiliki bahan tumbuhan yang bermanfaat dalam merawat kulit. Hal tersebut terlihat dari rata-rata jumlah spesies penyusun parem dingin yang terdapat di Pasar Pancur Batu. Perlu penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada bahan tumbuhan penyusun parem tersebut.

---

Research has been carried out on the diversity of ethnic Karo parem in Pancur Batu Market, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera. The aim of the study was to document the local knowledge of traders of traditional Karo ethnic medicine at Pancur Batu Market, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera in the utilization of the parem.The research method was carried out by semi-structural and open interview techniques and plant data collection for identification. Interviews were conducted at seven traders from seven kiosks located in Pancur Batu market. Questions include the type of parem, uses, raw materials used, and the way of making parem.Medicinal plants that are used as raw material for making parem reach 145 species from 49 families. the parem with the highest amount of plant material is found in the cold parem, which amounts to an average of 43 species of plants. Zingiberaceae is the family that has the most species of parem making material, amounting to 20 species of plants. As many as 40 families of medicinal plants are used in the leaves. As many as 69% of the 145 species of medicinal plants which produce herbaceous herbal medicine.Parem dingin is a parem that has the potential to be developed further because it has plant ingredients that are beneficial in caring for the skin. This can be seen from the average number of parem dingin component species found in Pancur Batu Market. Further research is needed regarding secondary metabolites found in the plant material that composes the parem."

"Berdasarkan hapir setiap tahun terjadi bencana maka dibentuklah Tagana di Kabupaten Deli Serdang yang bertindak dalam penanggulangan bencana. Maka untuk itu melalui pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian tesis ini bermaksud mendeskripsikan bagaimana intervensi komunitas oleh Tagana di Kabupaten Deli Serdang dalam penanggulangan bencana alam sehingga menciptakan kemandirian masyarakat dalam menyelesaikan masalah terutama kesiapsiagaan dalam menghadapi bencana alam. Hasil temuan di lapangan, pelaksanaan intervensi komunitas oleh Tagana dalam penanggulangan bencana alam sudah maksimal karena adanya beberapa faktor pendukung seperti: (a) partisipasi masyarakat; dan (b) tenaga profesional dalam hal kebencanaan. Tidak terlepas dari itu, Tagana juga menghadapi faktor penghambat dalam pelaksanaan intervensi komunitas seperti : (a) predisposisi; dan (b) ketergantungan masalah dana.

---

Based on the high possibility of disaster in the region, hence, Tagana was established in Deli Serdang regency which acted alertly and responsively when a disaster occurred. Therefore, through a qualitative approach, this thesis was conducted to describe how community intervention applied by Tagana in Deli Serdang regency in managing natural disaster so that it creates self-community in solving the problems, particularly the alertness in preparation to face natural disaster.

The research findings show that, implementation of community interventions by Tagana in disaster management in Deli Serdang has a maximum are because of several supporting factors such as: (a) people’s participation; and (b) professional personnel in terms of disaster expertise. In addition, Tagana is also facing the obstacle factors in the implementation of community interventions such as: (a) the predisposition; and (b) the dependence on funding."

"Seiring dengan bertambahnya penduduk, kebutuhan pokok manusia semakin meningkat. Eksploitasi alam, perubahan tata guna lahan, dan daya dukung lingkungan yang tidak seimbang membuat daerah resapan air berkurang. Limpasan air di permukaan meningkat sehingga kapasitas sungai tidak dapat menampung dan antara lain menjadi penyebab banjir di DKI Jakarta. Salah satu metode pengendalian banjir yang digunakan adalah pembangunan sudetan Ciliwung menuju Kanal Banjir Timur (KBT). Konsultan PT. Kwarsa Hexagon berdasarkan mandat dari Direktorat Jenderal Sumber Daya Air, Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane telah melakukan penilaian beberapa alternatif trase sudetan. Alternatif 2 yaitu interkoneksi yang menghubungkan S. Ciliwung dengan KBT melalui bagian hilir S. Cipinang dinilai paling efektif.Sudetan yang terdiri dari empat unit pipa gorong-gorong beton pracetak, diletakkan secara paralel di sepanjang Jl. Otista 3, Jakarta Timur. Debit maksimum yang dapat mengalir melalui keempat unit pipa sebesar 60 m3/det. Debit puncak yang melalui S. Ciliwung dan S. Cipinang dihitung menggunakan modifikasi metode rasional. Hasil perhitungan banjir rencana 100 tahunan Sungai Ciliwung sampai dengan sudetan adalah sebesar 411,6 m3/det, sedangkan banjir rencana 50 tahunan Sungai Cipinang sampai dengan sudetan adalah sebesar 87,1 m3/det. Efektifitas pembangunan ini dilihat dari referensi elevasi muka air banjir dengan kala ulang 100 tahunan di Pintu Air Manggarai sebesar +10,90 m.Pelacakan banjir yang dilakukan adalah saat kondisi penampang kedua sungai telah dinormalisasi. Pelacakan banjir ini dikerjakan menggunakan program HEC-RAS vs 4.1.0.Pelacakan banjir yang melalui empat unit gorong-gorong memiliki kondisi aliran sebagian sedangkan untuk dua unit gorong-gorong aliran akan penuh di sepanjang gorong-gorong. Penggunaan dua unit gorong-gorong sudah mencukupi, namun untuk kepentingan pemeliharaan maka disediakan empat unit gorong-gorong yang dapat digunakan secara bergantian. Elevasi banjir di Pintu Air Manggarai sebesar +9,29 m. Pembangunan sudetan ini dinilai efektif karena dapat mereduksi elevasi muka air banjir 14,8% serta tidak adanya limpasan melalui tanggul di Sungai Ciliwung dari titik sudetan hingga Pintu Air Manggarai.

---

Along with the increasing population, basic human needs will also increasing. Exploitation of nature, land use changes, and evironmental capacity unbalanced make a reducing infiltration capacity of the catchment area.The capacity of Ciliwung can not accomadate the increasing surface runoff, that contribute to the flooding in Jakarta.One of the flood control method that used is construction of interconnection from Ciliwung River towards Eastern Flood Canal. PT. Kwarsa Hexagon as consultant based on mandate from Directorate General of Water Resources, Ciliwung-Cisadane Large River Basin Organization has assessed several alternatives of culvert alignment. Second alternative-the interconnection between Ciliwung River andEastern Flood Canal through the downsteram of Cipinang River -is the most effective alternative.

Interconnection which consists of four units of pipe precast concrete culverts, placed in parallel. The maximum discharge through the four culverts is 60 m3/s. Peak discharge through Ciliwung River and Cipinang River is calculated using a modified rational method. Results of the design flood calculation with 100-year return period of Ciliwung River upto the interconnection point is 411.6 m3/s, while the 50-year return period of Cipinang River upto the interconnection point is 87.1 m3/s. Effectiveness of this construction is based on reference of flood water elevation with 100-year return period in Manggarai Sluicegate that is +10.92 m.

Flood routing is carried out using software HEC-RAS vs 4.1.0 for the condition after normalization. Flood routing through four culverts has a partly turbulent condition within the barrels, while the routing through two culverts, resulted in fully flow. Actually the use of two culverts isare sufficient,however for the shake of maintenance, four culverts are needed that can be used alternately. Flood water elevation in Manggarai gate is+9.29 m. The construction of the culverts hasproven effective since it can reduce the flood water level up to 14,8% and there is no runoff through embankment along the Ciliwung River from interconnection point up to Manggarai gate."

"Latar belakang riset ini adalah meningkatnya frekuensi dan intensitas banjir akibat perilaku masyarakat namun kurang diimbangi dengan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat terutama di hilir Sungai Ciliwung. Rumusan masalah riset menunjukkan bahwa faktor kesiapsiagaan lebih banyak berfokus pada pengetahuan dan sikap sedangkan faktor rencana darurat, peringatan dini, mobilisasi sumber daya dan pengalaman masih jarang diteliti. Riset ini bertujuan untuk membangun model kesiapsiagaan masyarakat hilir Sungai Ciliwung berbasis perilaku berwawasan lingkungan. Metode riset menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif, melalui wawancara dengan otoritas setempat serta pemberian kuesioner kepada 397 kepala keluarga di Kelurahan Bidara Cina. Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa kesiapsiagaan dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan, rencana darurat, peringatan dini, dan sikap namun dilemahkan oleh mobilisasi sumber daya, dan pengalaman. Masyarakat merasa sudah berpengalaman dan cenderung mengandalkan mobilisasi sumber daya dari pemerintah sehingga menjadi kurang siap siaga. Kesimpulan riset adalah diperlukannya kesiapsiagaan berbasis perilaku berwawasan lingkungan di tingkat keluarga untuk meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan banjir.

---

The background of the research is increasing flood frequency and intensity caused by human behavior but not followed by community preparedness. The problem of the research showed that preparedness focused more on knowledge and attitude but not on emergency plan, early warning, resources mobilization and experience factor. The objective of the research was to develop flood preparedness model for the community based on environmentally responsible behavior. The method of the research was quantitative and qualitative through interviews with local authorities and distribution of questionnaires to 397 households at Bidara Cina, East Jakarta. The results indicated preparedness influenced by knowledge, attitude, emergency planning and early warning but weakened by resources mobilization and experience. The community relied on their experience having flood and resources mobilization by the governmental thus causing low preparedness. The conclusion of the research is a necessity of preparedness based on environmentally responsible behavior to improve flood preparedness."

"Nowadays, severe flooding frequently occurs in various parts of Thailand resulted from changesin climatic condition and land use patterns. The flooding has caused great damages to propertiesand lives and affects country economy. Experience from the most severe flooding in the northernand central regions of Thailand in the year 2011 reveals that reliable flood warning system is stilllagging. For flood warning purpose, it is necessary to have an accurate flood routing system. Thisstudy is aimed at developing mathematical models for flood routing so as to provide data for floodwarning. Two different models are developed, i.e., kinematic overland flow model and kinematicstream flow model. The finite element method with Galerkin’s weighted residual technique is usedin model development. The second order Runge-Kutta method is applied to solve the set ofdifferential equations obtained from finite element formulation. The developed models are appliedto simulate flows in the Wang river basin in the northern region of Thailand during July 1 -October 31, 2011 when severe flooding occurred in this region. Model calibration is made byadjusting some parameters in the models and comparing the obtained results with measured datarecorded by RID at 5 stream flow gauge stations along the Wang river. For correlation analysis.three statistical indices are determined, these include coefficient of determination, R2, Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient, NSE, and coefficient of variation of the root mean squareerror, CV(RMSE). It is found that the model results at the upstream portion of the riversatisfactorily agree with the observed data, with the values of R2 greater than 0.55 and CV(RMSE)less than 0.57. For the downstream portion of the river, there are remarkable differences betweenthe model results and the observed data. The values of R2 are less than 0.35, CV(RMSE) greaterthan 0.76, and the NSE values are less than 0.16. This might be due to some errors in the inputdata, including rainfall pattern, topography, land use, river cross-sectional area, and water seepagealong the river. More detailed field investigation and model calibration are still needed."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini adalah untuk melihat Kapasitas (Capacity) dan Upaya (Effort) Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) di 33 (tiga puluh tiga) Kabupaten-Kota di Propinsi Sumatera Utara dengan menggunakan analisis regresi data panel tahun 2014-2015. Variabel-variabel yang digunakan adalah yang mewakili faktor ekonomi yaitu Pendapatan per kapita dan struktur perekonomian (share sektor-sektor PDRB sebagai basis PAD) (Lotz dan Morrs, 1971); dan faktor demografi yaitu kepadatan penduduk (Teera, 2002). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan per kapita, share sektor penyediaan listrik dan gas, share sektor perdagangan dan share sektor akomodasi dan penyediaan makan minum lainnya dan kepadatan penduduk berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap kapasitas PAD Kabupaten-Kota di Sumatera Utara sementara share sektor industri pengolahan berpengaruh signifikan dengan arah negatif. Sementara itu variabel share sektor konstruksi secara statistik tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Kapasitas PAD Kabupaten-Kota di Sumatera Utara. Hasil estimasi juga menunjukkan bahwa Kapasitas PAD menurut rata-rata Kabupaten-Kota mengalami kenaikan dari 0.0066 tahun 2014 menjadi 0.0068 tahun 2015 dengan relatif paling tinggi adalah Kota Padang Sidempuan dan Paling Rendah adalah Kabupaten Batu Bara tahun 2014 dan Kabupaten Labuhan Batu Selatan tahun 2015, dimana Kapasitas Kabupaten-Kota lainnya dominan berada dibawah rata-rata relatif keseluruhan. Selain itu dari hasil perbandingan antara Penerimaan Aktual dan Kapasitas hasil estimasi diperoleh gambaran bahwa selama tahun 2014 dan 2015 beberapa Kabupaten-Kota memiliki Upaya pemungutan PAD melebihi kapasitasnya, sebagian besar lainnya masih berada di bawah kapasitasnya.

---

ABSTRACT This study is aim to calculate capacity and effort of regional revenue (PAD) for 33 (thirty-three) districts in North Sumatra by using panel data regression analysis in 2014 - 2015. The variables used are representing the economic factor measure with income per capita and the structure of the economy (the GDP share of sectors as a base PAD) (Lotz and Morrs, 1971); and demographic factor is population density (Teera, 2002). This study shows that income per capita, share of electricity and gases sector, share of trading sector, share of accommodation sector and density signs significant and positive impact on the capacity of District regional revenue in North Sumatra, while the share of the manufacturing sector have significant influence in a negative direction. Meanwhile the variable of share construction sector, were not statistically significantly affect the capacity of District regional revenue in North Sumatra. The estimation results also showed that the capacity of regional revenue according to the average districts are increase from 0.0066 for 2014 to 0.0068 for 2015, with the highest relative is Kota Padang Sidempuan and Lowest is Kab. Batu-bara for 2014 and Kab. Labuhan Batu Selatan for 2015. On the other side other districts mostly are below whole average relatively. In addition, from the comparison between the Actual Revenue and Capacity estimation results obtained outlines that during 2014 and 2015 some districts revenue collection efforts in North Sumatra is higher than its capacity for most of it still under its capacity."

"Kadmium adalah unsur toksik yang terdapat di lingkungan dan tidak dibutuhkan oleh tubuh manusia. Densitas mineral tulang adalah salah satu cara untuk melihat kepadatan tulang apakah seseorang terkena osteoporosis, osteopenia atau tidak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui asosiasi kadmium urin dengan densitas mineral tulang masyarakat yang tinggal disekitar TPA sampah.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan di sekitar TPA Desa Namo Bintang Kecamatan Pancur Batu Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Populasi adalah seluruh laki-laki dan perempuan dewasa, dengan sampel berjumlah 96 orang dengan cara random sampling. Data kadmium urin didapat dari data penelitian sebelumnya sedangkan data BMD dan karakteristik individu lainnya adalah data primer. Densitas mineral tulang diukur menggunakan densitometer QUS. Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier.eluruh sampel 100 menunjukkan kadar kadmium urin sudah diatas kadar yang ditentukan. Kadar kadmium urin berkisar antara 0,015 ndash; 0,067 mg/L dengan rata-rata 0,034 mg/L 0,012 mg/L. Hasil pengukuran densitas mineral tulang menunjukkan nilai T-score antara -3,8 SD sampai -0,6 SD dengan rata-rata -2,439 SD. Pada analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa setiap kenaikan 1 satuan kadmium urin akan menurunkan densitas mineral tulang sebesar 1,459 SD setelah dikontrol dengan variabel umur, konsumsi susu, konsumsi tahu, konsumsi brokoli, konsumsi telur, jenis kelamin, kebiasaan merokok, lama tinggal dan konsumsi daun singkong. Oleh karena itu, masyarakat dianjurkan untuk mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi kalsium dan membiasakan diri untuk berolahraga dan diharapkan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pemerintah Kabupaten Deli Serdang sebagai dasar untuk membuat perencanaan program dibidang pemeriksaan kepadatan tulang masyarakat.

---

Cadmium Cd is a toxic element ubiquitous in the environment and not needed by the human body and can cause effects on bone. Bone Mineral Density is a way of measuring calcium to determine people has osteoporosis, osteopenia or still normal. The aim of this study was to examine the assosiation of urinary cadmium and bone mineral density BMD among community living around dumping site.The study was performed with cross sectional design in the community living around Namo Bintang Open Dumping Site. The population were adult males and females with a sample of 96 person taken by random sampling. Data of urinary cadmium was obtained from previous study, while data on BMD, and the other individual characteristics were collected primarily. BMD was measured by Densitometer QUS. Data analyzed by linier regression.All urine samples 100 show high Cd levels above the normal limit. The urinary Cd level ranged from 0,015 0,067, with the mean of 0,034 mg L 0,012 mg L. Result of BMD measurement showed that the T Score ranged from 3,8 to 0,6, with the mean of 2,439 SD. Multivariate analysis showed that each 1 mg L increase in urinary cadmium will decreases the bone mineral density about 1,459 SD after controlled age, milk consumption, tofu consumption, consumption of broccoli, egg consumption, gender, smoking status, length of stay, and consumption of cassava leaves. Therefore, people are encouraged to consume foods that contain high calcium and get exercise and expected to be utilized by the government of Deli Serdang regency as a basis program planning for examination of community bone mineral density in the study area."