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"ABSTRAKTujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan persepsi antara orang awam Indonesia dan orang awam Korea di Jakarta terhadap estetika senyum.Metode: Komponen senyum yang terdiri dari lebar mahkota, panjang mahkota, buccal corridor, gingival display dan smile arc pada foto senyum dimodifikasi secara digital dengan interval 1mm, sehingga diperoleh 20 foto senyum. Ke-20 foto ini kemudian dinilai oleh 35 orang awam Indonesia dan 35 orang awam Korea di Jakarta menggunakan visual analogue scale.Hasil: perbedaan persepsi antara orang awam Indonesia dan orang awam Korea yang bermakna dapat ditemui pada panjang mahkota 12mm, buccal corridor 2,5mm dan 3,5mm, gingival display -0,5mm dan smile arc 2mm. Orang awam Indonesia dan orang awam Korea menilai lebar mahkota 8,5mm, panjang mahkota 10mm, buccal corridor 0,5mm, gingival display 0,5mm, smile arc 1mm sebagai komponen senyum yang paling estetis.Kesimpulan: Orang awam Indonesia menilai panjang mahkota 12mm, buccal corridor 2,5mm dan 3,5mm, gingival display -0,5mm dan smile arc 2mm lebih estetis daripada orang Korea, namun terdapat kesamaan dalam memilih komponen-komponen senyum yang paling estetis.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: To compare the smile aesthetics perception between Indonesian and Korean laypeople.Methods: Twenty smile photograps with altered features were used. Altered features included the following: crown width, crown length, buccal corridor, gingival display and smile arc. These photographs were assessed by 35 Indonesian laypeople and 35 Korean laypeople in Jakarta using a visual analogue scale.Results: Significant differences in perception between Indonesian laypeople and Korean laypeople were found at 12mm crown length, 2,5mm dan 3,5mm buccal corridors, -0,5mm gingival display and 2mm smile arc. Indonesian and Korean laypeople assesed 8,5mm crown width, 10mm crown length, 0,5mm buccal corridor, 0,5mm gingival display and 1mm smile arc as the most aesthetic smile components.Conclusion: Indonesian laypeople assesed 12mm crown length, 2,5mm and 3,5mm buccal corridor,-0,5mm gingival display and 2mm smile arc more aesthetically than Koreans, but there were similarities in choosing the most aesthetic components."

"This book defines the terminology used in the fields of sensation and perception and describes the biological and physical bases required for understanding sensory experiences. It offers more specifically an introduction to the study of psychophysics, auditory perception, visual perception, and attention, and discusses the basic concepts and mechanisms used to interpret different perceptual phenomena.Featured topics in this book:- Laws of psychophysics, including the discrimination law of Weber and Stevens power law.- Psychophysical methods and signal detection theory.- Hearing music and speech.- Color, form and depth perception- The role of attention in perception. - Sensory disorders."

"Sensory perception: mind and matter aims at a deeper understanding of the many facets of sensory perception and their relations to brain function and cognition. It is an attempt to promote the interdisciplinary discourse between the neurosciences and psychology, which speaks the language of cognitive experiences, and philosophy, which has been thinking about the meaning and origin of consciousness since its beginning. Leading experts contribute to such a discourse by informing the reader about exciting modern developments, both technical and conceptual, and by pointing to the big gaps still to be bridged. The various chapters provide access to scientific research on sensory perception and the mind from a broad perspective, covering a large spectrum of topics which range from the molecular mechanisms at work in sensory cells to the study of the unconscious and to neurophilosophy."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian embodied cognition menjelaskan emosi dalam interaksi interpersonal melalui peran suhu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji bagaimana pengaruh pengalaman sensorik tubuh akan suhu dingin terhadap regulasi emosi, ketika individu merasakan emosi negatif.Studi eksperimen dilakukan dengan menggunakan manipulasi sensorik suhu dingin atau hangat dan induksi emosi agresif atau netral dalam bentuk non-situated cognition. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketika tubuh mengalami sensorik dingin dan mendapatkan induksi emosi agresif, mampu meningkatkan durasi respon dan lebih rendah merasakan marah, dibandingkan saat tubuh mengalami suhu hangat. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pegalaman fisik terhadap suhu dingin mengaktifkan konsep regulasi emosi.

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ABSTRACTEmbodied cognition research was aimed to test whether bodily sensoric of coldness influenced to emotional regulation process, particularly when the negative emotional state was applied to participant. This experimental study was applied temperature sensory manipulation cold versus warm with two different emotional induction anger versus neutral in a form of non situated cognition.The study was indicating that compared to a warm temperature, a cold sensory experience, which in the same time a negative emotional was inducted, significantly increased the response duration and reduced the intention of anger. The research findings demonstrated that bodily experience of coldness exposure activates the emotional regulation process."

"Pendahuluan: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan persepsi estetika senyum terhadap ukuran buccal corridor antara ortodontis dan orang awam Indonesia. Metode: Ukuran buccal corridor dimodifikasi secara digital dengan perbedaan 5%, dari 0% sampai 25% buccal corridor terhadap lebar komisura dalam sehingga diperoleh enam ukuran. Persepsi estetika senyum menurut 24 ortodontis dan 24 orang awam ras deutromalayid diperoleh dengan menggunakan visual analog scale (VAS) pada 12 gambar yang terdiri dari enam ukuran buccal corridor pada gambaran wajah tampak depan saat tersenyum (GW) dan enam ukuran pada gambaran sirkumoral tampak depan saat tersenyum (GS). Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan persepsi estetika senyum yang bermakna terhadap ukuran BC sebesar 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% dan 20% antara ortodontis dan orang awam Indonesia pada GW dan GS kecuali ukuran BC sebesar 25%. Tidak terdapat perbedaan penilaian persepsi estetika senyum yang bermakna antara penggunaan GW dan GS. Kesimpulan: Pada GW, ortodontis dan orang awam sama-sama menganggap ukuran buccal corridor yang sempit merupakan senyum yang paling menarik. Sedangkan pada GS, ortodontis lebih menyukai ukuran buccal corridor yang sempit namun kelompok orang awam lebih menyukai ukuran buccal corridor yang sangat lebar.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the difference of smile esthetics perception on buccal corridors width between Indonesian orthodontists and laypersons by means of digitally manipulated photographs, as well as compare assessments of fullface view (FFV) and close-up view of the mouth (CUVM) images. Methods: Facial photographs were taken smiling deutromalayid female, displaying first molar to first molar. Buccal corridors were modified digitally in 5% increments, from 0% to 25% buccal corridor compared with the inner commissural width. The rendered images, 6 of FFVs and 6 of CUVMs, were assessed by 24 Indonesian orthodontists and 24 Indonesian laypersons who rated the attractiveness of each smile by means of a visual analog scale (VAS). Results: There were no significant differences on smile esthetics perception of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% BC width between Indonesian orthodontists and laypersons on FFV and CUWM except BC width of 25%. There were no significant differences in the assessment of smile esthetic perception between the use of FFV and CUVM. Conclusion: At FFV, both orthodontists and laypersons preferred narrow buccal corridor. While at CUWM, orthodontists preferred the narrow buccal corridor but laypersons preferred very wide buccal corridor."

"Latar Belakang: Estetika wajah merupakan hal penting yang dapat meningkatkan daya tarik dan kepercayaan diri seseorang. Salah satu indikator estetika wajah adalah profil wajah yang harmonis dan proporsional. Profil wajah merupakan salah satu hal yang pertama kali dilihat oleh ortodontis. Penilaian terhadap hal tersebut bersifat subjektif dan bergantung pada persepsi. Ortodontis perlu mempertimbangkan parameter dan persepsi pasien dalam melakukan perawatan ortodonti. Tujuan: Memperoleh nilai rerata profil wajah yang masih dikatakan lurus menurut orang awam di Indonesia berdasarkan analisis Legan dan Burstone. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ini adalah orang awam laki-laki dan perempuan yang masing-masing berjumlah 78 orang. Data diuji menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney U. Hasil: Persepsi orang awam terhadap perubahan titik Sn dan Pg’ pada model laki-laki dan perempuan menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,05). Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna persepsi orang awam laki-laki terhadap profil wajah model laki-laki dan perempuan dengan variasi titik Sn dan Pg’ (p>0,05). Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna persepsi orang awam perempuan terhadap profil wajah model laki-laki dan perempuan dengan variasi titik Sn dan Pg’ (p>0,05). Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara persepsi orang awam laki-laki dan perempuan terhadap profil wajah model laki-laki dengan variasi titik Sn dan Pg’ (p>0,05). Tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara persepsi orang awam laki-laki dan perempuan terhadap profil wajah model perempuan dengan variasi titik Sn dan Pg’ (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Rentang rata-rata profil wajah yang dikatakan lurus menurut orang awam di Indonesia berdasarkan analisis Legan dan Burstone adalah 9,23°-14,87° untuk variasi titik Sn dan 8,97°-13,96° untuk variasi titik Pg’.

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Background: Facial aesthetics is an important thing that can increase a person's attractiveness and confidence. One key indicator of facial aesthetics is a harmonious and proportional facial profile, which is often the first feature assessed by orthodontists. The assessment of this is subjective and depends on perception. Orthodontists need to consider the patient's parameters and perceptions in performing orthodontic treatments. Objectives: To determine the average range of facial profiles perceived as straight by the laypeople in Indonesia based on Legan and Burstone's analysis. Methods: This study was an observational analytic with a cross-sectional design. The subjects of this study are 78 male and 78 female participants. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Laypeople’s perception regarding variations in Sn and Pg’ points on male and female facial models showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant differences in male participants' perceptions of male and female facial profiles across Sn and Pg’ variations (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant differences in female participants' perceptions of male and female facial profiles with Sn and Pg’ variations (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant differences between male and female participants' perceptions of male facial profiles with Sn and Pg’ variations (p>0.05), nor of female facial profiles with Sn and Pg’ variations (p>0.05). Conclusion: The average range of facial profiles perceived as straight by the laypeople in Indonesia, based on Legan and Burstone's analysis, is 9.23°-14.87° for Sn variations and 8.97°-13.96° for Pg’ variations."

"Latar belakang: Estetika wajah merupakan sesuatu yang dianggap penting oleh masyarakat karena selain meningkatkan rasa kepercayaan diri seseorang, estetika wajah juga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup seseorang. Estetika wajah terdiri dari Estetika Makro (Facial), Estetika Mikro (Dental), dan Estetika mini (Dentofacial). Estetika mini atau senyum terdiri dari beberapa indikator penentu, salah satunya adalah incisor display. Estetika sendiri memiliki subjektivitas yang tinggi dan bergantung pada persepsi. Sehingga, penting untuk mengetahui persepsi senyum menurut ortodontis dan orang awam untuk menentukan rencana perawatan. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan persepsi estetika senyum pada berbagai level incisor display di dalam masing-masing kelompok orang awam dan ortodontis. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jakarta menggunakan metode cross-sectional. Kuesioner ini disebar kepada 100 orang awam dan 100 ortodontis menggunakan kuesioner daring. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna persepsi estetika senyum pada level incisor display 0 mm dengan 4 mm, serta perbedaan sebagian bermakna pada level 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm menurut orang awam. Menurut ortodontis terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada level 0mm dengan 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, dan 4mm. Terdapat juga perbedaan sebagian bermakna pada level 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm. Kesimpulan: Incisor display pada level tertentu memengaruhi persepsi estetik orang awam dan juga ortodontis

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Background: Facial aesthetics are something that is considered important by the society. They consist of Macro Aesthetics (Facial), Micro Aesthetics (Dental), and Mini Aesthetics (Dentofacial). The mini or smile aesthetics consist of several defining indicators, one of which is the incisor display. Aesthetic itself has high subjectivity and depends on perception. Thus, it is important to know the perception of smile according to the orthodontist and the laypeople to determine a treatment plan. Objective: To determine the differences in the perception of smile aesthetics at various levels of incisor display within each group of laypeople and orthodontists. Methods: This study was conducted in Jakarta using a cross-sectional method. The questionnaire was distributed to 100 laypeople and 100 orthodontists, via online questionnaire. Results: There are significant differences in the aesthetic perception of smiles at the 0mm and 4mm incisor display levels, and partial differences are significant at 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm according to laypeople. According to orthodontists, there are significant differences in 0mm with 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, and 4mm and partial differences are significant at 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm. Conclusion: Incisor display influences the aesthetic perception of laypeople and orthodontists on most levels."

"The aim of this volume is to provide a picture, as complete as possible, of the current state of knowledge of sensory systems in nature. The presentation in this book lies at the intersection of evolutionary biology, cell and molecular biology, physiology and genetics"