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"Kontak bahasa antar ethnis yang ada di kota besar seperti Medan menjadi sebab lahirnya dua proses Bahasa yaitu Pemertahanan Bahasa (Language Maintenance) dan Perpindahan Bahasa (Language Shift). Tulisan ini mencoba untuk memberikan gambaran singkat tentang fenomena pemertahanan bahasa dan perpindahan bahasa di daerah yang dihuni oleh banyak ethnis dan membandingkannya dengan keadaan sosial bahasa di kota Medan serta bagaimana pengaruh Bahasa Nasional terhadap proses pemertahanan bahasa daerah."

"ABSTRACTThis study started from the two main problems. Those are (1) the factors caused the shift of Tonsea Language and (2) the factors supported the maintenance of the language. Based on the problems above, this study aimed to find out the factors causing the shift of Tonsea language and the factors supporting the maintenance of the language. As a consequence, the population of this study was all the member of Tonsea speech community, especially the 4.778 persons who lived in the village of Laikit, Dimembe. Then, the respondents of this study were 140 persons, taken through proportional stratified random sampling based on their sex, age, education, and occupation. in order to obtain such aims the researcher involved the following ways. Data were collected through structured interview, questionnaires, participatory observation, and recording. The questionnaires was given to the respondents who were eleven to eighteen of age and above twenty-one. in addition, the process of recording was aided with some stimulation to the informants. Then, the data were analyzed with ANOVA in order to get the level of significance of their language choice. To make sure the accuracy of the computation the researcher used statistic computer "Microstat". This study found the following result. Tonsea language was used by the tonsean aged fifty or more as the language was mastered enough by such people. The language was also used as a culture support, such as in family meeting, arisan, wedding ceremony, funeral ceremony, tumuwar activity, and traditional ceremony in order to release a village from the troubles made by devils. in addition, the language was also used by the youth when they were talking to their siblings, brothers or sisters in law, parents, and grand-parents. Malay-Manado language was used among tonseans who were under fifty of age in their community, by tonsean under fifty of age to their children, to their parents, and to the other persons in the same village. Mixed language was used by the participants in the situations other than what is mentioned above. Bahasa Indonesia tend to be used by the youth in educational and religious domain. The maintenance variables of Tonsea Language were age, education and occupation. The tonseans who were fifty or more tend to maintain the language while those who were under fifty were not. The tonseans whose education was elementary school tend to use Tonsea language while those whose education were high school or university tend to use Malay-lVlenado or mixed the languages. Farmers, housewives, and merchandiser tend to use Tonsea language while civil servants, military member, students, and private servants tend to use Malay-Manado or mix the languages."

"Penerapan sistem informasi manajemen pemeliharaan dan pemantauan kondisi mesin sangat diperlukan bagi industri yang sudah berkembang level struktur organisasi dalam aktivitasnya di perusahaan. Salah satu sistem yang mampu menangani aktivitas tersebut adalah CMMS (Computerized Maintenance Management System) yang meliputi diantaranya yaitu pemeliharaan pencegahan, manajemen peralatan, perencanaan dan penjadwalan pemeliharaan. Bagi industri yang baru memulai penerapan CMMS, dokumentasi standar mengenai rancangan proses bisnis sangat penting dibuat oleh pihak perusahaan, agar mendapatkan gambaran aktivitas yang mudah dipahami secara jelas dan ringkas. Hal ini tentu saja berpengaruh pada komunikasi dan koordinasi kerja yang efektif dan efisien bagi pembuatan dan penerapan suatu software, sehingga dapat tercapai sesuai kebutuhan yang diinginkan perusahaan. UML (Unified Modeling Language) adalah suatu bahasa pemodelan dalam bentuk visual gambar dan diagram, yang memiliki notasi-notasi berupa simbol disertai teks yang ringkas, sehingga dapat dimengerti oleh berbagai pihak secara umum, serta mampu melakukan dalam menggambarkan suatu proses bisnis. Olehkarena itu, sering digunakan sebagai alat kerja yang efektif dan efisien, serta dokumentasi bagi rancangan software, yang mudah dipahami secara jelas dan ringkas. Skripsi ini membahas bagaimana merancang suatu proses bisnis menggunakan diagram-diagram UML, lalu ditampilkan melalui GUI untuk menghasilkan suatu format laporan data, sehingga berhasil memberikan gambaran dan dokumentasi yang standar merancang CMMS, serta mengetahui dan memahami proses bisnis CMMS secara jelas dan ringkas untuk menghasilkan model berupa gambar diagram pada proses CMMS.

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Implementation for information system of management maintenace and monitoring condition machine has high necessary for industry development as level structure their activity organization. One of the system have ability to handle its activity is CMMS (Computerized Maintenance Management System) which consists of preventive maintenance, data equipment management, planning and schedule maintenance. The industry which still begin implement CMMS, documentation for standard around design business process has made high necessary by company, in order to get illustration activity easy to understand with clearly and simple. Therefore, it has effect for communication and coordination work effective and efficient to made implement software, so it will get requirement by company. UML (Unified Modeling Language) is modeling language visual design and diagram, which has many notation symbol and texts clearly and simple, whether easy understand by general personal, and able to do and illustration business process. Therefore, it always usually for the way of methode work effective and efficience, also documentation for design software to make easy understand and with clearly and simple. Some of discussion in this studies has method ways to design business process which use UML diagrams, so it will shows in GUI form to get the result format report, also it would get illustration and standard documentation to design CMMS, and then to get more knowledge and understand about business process CMMS with simple and clearly in order to get modeling diagrams CMMS process."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tentang pergeseran makna yang terjadi pada kata serapan bahasa Inggris dalam bahasa Jepang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumen. Data bersumber dari media sosial Twitter dan referensi kata serapan yang digunakan berasal dari buku pelajaran Minna no nihongo 1 dan 2. Data dianalisis dengan metode analisis deskriptif. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori pergeseran makna J.D Parera. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan pembaca dapat memahami kesan makna dari kata serapan yang terdapat dalam karya tulis maupun yang diucapkan oleh penutur bahasa Jepang agar tidak terjadi gagal paham saat berkomunikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa pergeseran makna yang terjadi dapat berjenis menyempit dan meluas.

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ABSTRACTThis research discusses about semantic shift phenomena that occurs in English loanword into Japanese language. Data collecting method is study documents. Data resources are obtained from social media Twitter and the reference words are derived from Minna no Nihongo lesson book, chapter 1 and 2. The data is analyzed by descriptive analysis method. This research used the theory of a semantic shift from J.D Parera. From this research, it is expected that the readers would understand the meaning of the loanword which was contained in the papers and spoken by Japanese speaker in order to avoid misunderstanding in communication. The result of this research proves that the occuring semantic shift phenomena can be narrowing and widening."

"Pemeliharaan pesawat terbang pada line maintenance dilakukan disela jam operasi, yaitu pada saat transit dan istirahat malam hari (Remain Over Night). Pemeriksaan dilakukan langsung oleh tenaga kerja yang ahli diantara waktu kedatangan dan keberangkatan pesawat. Meskipun dikerjakan dengan waktu yang terbatas dan kedatangan pesawat tidak merata disetiap waktu, setiap pemeriksaan harus diselesaikan tepat waktu dan tanpa menurunkan tingkat keamanan penerbangan. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan optimasi terhadap jam mulai shift kerja dan penentuan jumlah tenaga kerja yang sesuai dengan beban kerja. Optimasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan metaherusitik, yaitu algoritma tabu search dan menggunakan perangkat lunak Matlab. Algoritma ini akan mencari solusi terbaik dari setiap pencarian lokal dengan melakukan pengacakan terhadap jam mulai shift kerja dan jumlah tenaga kerja yang bekerja pada shift tersebut. Hasil dari run model adalah jam mulai shift kerja dengan jumlah engineer 22 orang dan teknisi 34 orang yang harus ditentukan setiap harinya. Utilitas engineer maupun teknisi meningkat sekitar 40% dibandingkan dengan kondisi awal. Melalui hasil ini setiap pekerjaan dikerjakan tepat waktu, dengan biaya dan waktu menganggur minimal.

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Aircraft line maintenance work during operation time, when the aircraft transit and when the aircraft remain over night. This maintenance is done by professional manpower between aircraft arrival and departure time. Although this maintenance is done with limited time and aircraft arrival is not same in every time, the maintenance must be finished on time and without decreasing the safety of the flight.

Therefore, need an optimization for the start time of work shift and the numbers of manpower that appropriate with the workforce. Optimization with metaheuristic approach, such as tabu search algorithm and used the software like Matlab. This algorithm will search the best solution with local search with randomization the start time of work shift and the numbers of manpower in every that work shift.

The results from the run program are the start time of work shift, need 22 engineers and 34 technicians in a day.The utility of engineer and technician increase 40% compared with first condition. With this result, the maintenance will be finished on time, with minimal operational cost and idle time."

"ABSTRAKArtikel ini dilatarbelakangi pergeseran paham keagamaan Arab Saudi yang eksklusif menjadi inklusif. Artikel ini menganalisis paradoksi konsep keagaamaan seperti bid'ah, ibadah, dan amar ma'ruf nahi munkar dengan teori kebahaasaan. Pergeseran ini terjadi disebabkan visi 2030-nya yang menuntut iklim investasi kondusif atau dari awal paham ini bermasalah; diantaranya kontroversi dari sisi bahasa, serta puritansi interpretasi. Metode yang digunakan deskritif analitik dengan kecenderungan kualitatif. Sumber data dari keputusan Raja Salman dan Putra Mahkotanya serta fatwa lembaga Ulama Arab Saudi. Diantara produk paham keagamaan yang baru Saudi adalah diperbolehkannya perempuan mengemudi, wanita bekerja, perempuan dalam ranah pendidikan, sosial politik, dan budaya. Analisis menyimpulkan bahwa pergeseran ini terjadi karena deresnya kritikan terhadap fatwa karena lompatan interpretasi kebahasaan yang menjadikan Arab Saudi kurang diterima di dunia Islam sebagai sebuah negara dominan dari sisi politik dan ekonomi.

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ABSTRACTThis article is motivated by an exclusive Saudi Arabia religious shift being inclusive. This article analyzes the paradoxy of religious concepts such as bid'ah, worship, and amar ma'ruf nahi munkar with the theory of language. This shift occurred because of his 2030 vision that demanded a conducive investment climate or from the beginning this understanding was problematic; such as language controversy, and interpretation puritansi. The method used is analytic descriptive with qualitative tendency. Sources of data from the decisions of King Salman and his Crown Prince and the fatwa of Saudi Arabia's Ulema Council. Among Saudi's new religious beliefs is the permissibility of women driving, working women, women in education, socio-political, and cultural spheres. The analysis concludes that this shift is due to the censure of criticism of the fatwa because of the linguistic interpretation leap that makes Saudi Arabia less acceptable in the Islamic world as a dominant country from the political and economic side."

"Skripsi ini mengkaji jenis pergeseran makna yang dominan dalam Kamus Kata-kata Serapan Asing dalam Bahasa Indonesia (2005). Untuk membandingkan makna istilah Prancis dan istilah serapan Indonesia, digunakan Dictionnaire de l’Économie (2011) dan Kamus Ekonomi (2012) sebagai sumber analisis pembantu. Adapun teori-teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah analisis makna menurut Lehmann dan jenis pergeseran makna menurut Finoza. Melalui 17 istilah yang diteliti, diketahui bahwa jenis pergeseran makna yang dominan adalah jenis pergeseran makna yang menyempit. Hal ini terjadi karena pengaruh konteks sosial budaya di masing-masing negara dan perekonomian Prancis yang lebih dulu berkembang dibandingkan Indonesia.

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The purpose of this study is to identify the dominant type of loan-terms in Kamus Kata-kata Serapan Asing dalam Bahasa Indonesia (2005). This study also uses Dictionnaire de l'Économie (2011) and Kamus Ekonomi (2012) for comparing the meaning of French and Indonesian terms. Lehmann’s meaning analysis and Finoza's types of mean-shift are the two main theories involved in this study. Among the 17 terms studied, narrowing mean-shift is dominant. The influence of socio-cultural context in and the difference in economic development in each country might explain this phenomenon."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan pemertahanan bahasa Jawa dialek Banten melalui pilihan dan pemakaian bahasa di ranah keluarga berdasarkan lokasi pemukiman. Diduga lokasi pemukiman dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap pemertahanan bahasa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di masyarakat yang homogen, yaitu lokasi pemukiman di desa dan di masyarakat yang heterogen, yaitu lokasi pemukiman di dekat pusat pemerintahan, pusat industri dan pariwisata. Populasi penelitian adalah semua penutur bahasa Jawa dialek Banten di Provinsi Banten. Dengan menggunakan stratified purposive sampling, diperoleh 340 responden dari sepuluh desa yang mewakili berbagai lokasi pemukiman. Data pilihan bahasa dikumpulkan berdasarkan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan SPSS dan data pemakaian bahasa didapatkan melalui observasi lapangan yang dianalisis dengan teknik triangulasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan secara umum pemertahanan bahasa Jawa dialek Banten dalam kategori baik, dengan rerata persentase responden yang memilih menggunakan bahasa Jawa dialek Banten kepada mitra tutur di ranah keluarga 86,15%. Berdasarkan lokasi pemukiman, responden dengan karakteristik homogen (di desa) menunjukkan pemertahanan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan responden dengan karakteristik heterogen. Pemertahanan bahasa di desa didominasi oleh responden yang berusia 41-50 tahun. Pada masyarakat heterogen, responden yang tinggal di lokasi pemukiman dekat pusat pemerintahan menunjukkan pemertahanan bahasa Jawa dialek Banten paling tinggi, yaitu dengan rerata 74,93% dan didominasi oleh responden perempuan.

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The research aims to figure out Banten Javanese maintenance through language choice and language use in family domain based on respondents settlement location. It is supposed that settlement location gives influence toward language maintenance. The research conducted in homogeny society, those who stay in villages, and in heterogeneous society, those who stay near governmental center, industrial center and tourism. The population is all Banten Javanese speakers in Banten Province. by using stratified purposive sampling, there are 340 Banten Javanese speakers as respondents taken from the four settlement locations. Language choice data taken from questionnaire and it analyzed using SPSS; while language use data taken from observation and it analyzed using triangulation.

The result of analysis showed that Banten Javanese maintenance is good, reaching 86.15 % of respondents who chose to use the language. Based on the settlement locations, respondents represented homogeny society (village) tends to maintain the language higher than those who represented heterogeneous society. Social factor dominated in this location is respondents with 41-50 years old. In heterogonous societies, the respondents who live near the governmental center get the highest percentage, i.e. 74,93% with women domination."