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"Kriopreservasi sperma ikan kerapu kertang Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790) merupakan suatu teknik untuk membantu mengatasi masalah pemijahan yang tidak sinkron antara induk ikan kerapu kertang. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsentrat kurma dan gliserol sebagai krioprotektan. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian konsentrat kurma dan gliserol terhadap kualitas sperma yaitu motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas 48 jam pascakriopreservasi serta kemampuan fertilisasinya dengan ikan kerapu macan Epinephelus fuscogutatus (Forskal, 1775). Konsentrat kurma yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan berbagai konsentrasi, yaitu 0%; 5%; 10%; 15%; 20%; dan 25%. Rasio antara sperma dengan larutan pengencer yang digunakan yaitu 1:9. Ekstender yang digunakan yaitu larutan marine fish Ringer. Kualitas sperma segar terlebih dahulu dievaluasi secara makroskopis (volume, pH, warna, dan bau) dan secara mikroskopis (motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas) untuk menguji kelayakan sperma yang akan dikriopreservai dan kemampuan fertilitasnya dengan menghitung persentase fertilisasi. Kriopreservasi dilakukan pada freezer dengan suhu -20⁰C selama 48 jam. Spermatozoa hasil kriopreservasi digunakan untuk membuahi sel telur ikan kerapu macan. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik ANOVA satu arah dilanjutkan dengan Uji Tukey, diketahui bahwa kombinasi konsentrat kurma dengan berbagai konsentrasi dan gliserol memiliki nilai rata-rata yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap motilitas dan abnormalitas sperma pascakriopreservasi (P<0,05), akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap viabilitasnya. Meskipun demikian hasil fertilisasinya dengan ikan kerapu macan menunjukkan hasil yang berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05). Hasil terbaik ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi konsentrat kurma 10% dengan nilai persentase 76,70 ± 1,54% pada motilitas sperma, nilai persentase viabilitas yaitu 77,67 ± 5,78%, serta nilai kemampuan fertilisasi yaitu 66,25 ± 3,23%, dengan nilai persentase rata-rata abnormalitas 21,53 ± 0,84%.

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Cryopreservation of giant grouper sperm Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790) is a technique to overcome the problem of unsynchronized spawning of grouper. Glycerol and palm dates were used as a cryoprotectant. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of palm date concentrate and glycerol on motility, viability, and abnormality 48 hours postcryopreservation and the ability of fertilization using giant grouper sperm postcryopreservation with tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscogutatus ). The palm date concentrations used in this study were 0%; 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The ratio between sperm and diluent solution was 1:9. The extender used in this study is a marine fish Ringer solution. Fresh sperm were evaluated macroscopically (volume, pH, color, and odor) and microscopically (motility, viability, and abnormality) to test the sperm feasibility for cryopreservation and fertility ability by calculating the percentage of fertilization. Sperm was stored in a freezer -20⁰C for 48 hours. Spermatozoa postcryopreservation were used to fertilize tiger grouper eggs. Based on the results of statistical tests of one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey Test, it was shown that palm date concentrate with various concentrations had an average value that significantly affected motility sperm and abnormality after cryopreservation (P<0.05), but had no significant effect (P>0.05) to viability. However, the results of fertilization with tiger grouper showed a significant effect (P<0.05). The best results were shown in the concentration of 10% palm date concentrate with a percentage value of 76.70 ± 1.54% in motility sperm, the value of the viability percentage is 77.67 ± 5.78%, and the value of fertilization ability is 66.25 ± 3.23%, with an average percentage value of abnormality is 21.53 ± 0.84%."

"Kriopreservasi sperma ikan kerapu kertang Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790) merupakan suatu teknik untuk membantu mengatasi masalah pemijahan yang tidak sinkron antara induk ikan kerapu kertang. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsentrat kurma dan gliserol sebagai krioprotektan. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian konsentrat kurma dan gliserol terhadap kualitas sperma yaitu motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas 48 jam pascakriopreservasi serta kemampuan fertilisasinya dengan ikan kerapu macan Epinephelus fuscogutatus (Forskal, 1775). Konsentrat kurma yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan berbagai konsentrasi, yaitu 0%; 5%; 10%; 15%; 20%; dan 25%. Rasio antara sperma dengan larutan pengencer yang digunakan yaitu 1:9. Ekstender yang digunakan yaitu larutan marine fish Ringer. Kualitas sperma segar terlebih dahulu dievaluasi secara makroskopis (volume, pH, warna, dan bau) dan secara mikroskopis (motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas) untuk menguji kelayakan sperma yang akan dikriopreservai dan kemampuan fertilitasnya dengan menghitung persentase fertilisasi. Kriopreservasi dilakukan pada freezer dengan suhu -20⁰C selama 48 jam. Spermatozoa hasil kriopreservasi digunakan untuk membuahi sel telur ikan kerapu macan. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik ANOVA satu arah dilanjutkan dengan Uji Tukey, diketahui bahwa kombinasi konsentrat kurma dengan berbagai konsentrasi dan gliserol memiliki nilai rata-rata yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap motilitas dan abnormalitas sperma pascakriopreservasi (P<0,05), akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap viabilitasnya. Meskipun demikian hasil fertilisasinya dengan ikan kerapu macan menunjukkan hasil yang berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05). Hasil terbaik ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi konsentrat kurma 10% dengan nilai persentase 76,70 ± 1,54% pada motilitas sperma, nilai persentase viabilitas yaitu 77,67 ± 5,78%, serta nilai kemampuan fertilisasi yaitu 66,25 ± 3,23%, dengan nilai persentase rata-rata abnormalitas 21,53 ± 0,84%.

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Cryopreservation of giant grouper sperm Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1790) is a technique to overcome the problem of unsynchronized spawning of grouper. Glycerol and palm dates were used as a cryoprotectant. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of palm date concentrate and glycerol on motility, viability, and abnormality 48 hours postcryopreservation and the ability of fertilization using giant grouper sperm postcryopreservation with tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscogutatus). The palm date concentrations used in this study were 0%; 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The ratio between sperm and diluent solution was 1:9. The extender used in this study is a marine fish Ringer solution. Fresh sperm were evaluated macroscopically (volume, pH, color, and odor) and microscopically (motility, viability, and abnormality) to test the sperm feasibility for cryopreservation and fertility ability by calculating the percentage of fertilization. Sperm was stored in a freezer -20⁰C for 48 hours. Spermatozoa postcryopreservation were used to fertilize tiger grouper eggs. Based on the results of statistical tests of one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey Test, it was shown that palm date concentrate with various concentrations had an average value that significantly affected motility sperm and abnormality after cryopreservation (P<0.05), but had no significant effect (P>0.05) to viability. However, the results of fertilization with tiger grouper showed a significant effect (P<0.05). The best results were shown in the concentration of 10% palm date concentrate with a percentage value of 76.70 ± 1.54% in motility sperm, the value of the viability percentage is 77.67 ± 5.78%, and the value of fertilization ability is 66.25 ± 3.23%, with an average percentage value of abnormality is 21.53 ± 0.84%."

"The effect of Dimethyl Formamide (DMF) as a cryoprotectant on spermatozoa quality of carp fish Cyprinus carpio race Majalaya 24 hours post-cryopreservation was studied. This study was conducted in the Environmental Engineering Laboratory. Puspiptek. Serpong. Sperm was collected by the hand stripping method and were immediately diluted with extender [6J and cryoprotectant (DMF). The final concentrations of DMF were 0. 3.75. 7.5. and ! 1.25%. respectively. Sperm were frozen in liquid nitrogen for 24 hours. All sperm were re-examined after thawing for motility. viability, and abnormality. The highest percentage of the molility and the viability of preserved sperm was showed or the DMF 7.5%. On the oiher hand the lowest percentage of the abnormality of preserved sperm was demonstrated by the DMF 7.5%. also. Accordingly. DMF 7.5% is the optimum levels that could preserved spermatozoa still in a good quality 24 hours posl-cryopreservation."

"LATAR BELAKANG : Salah satu hambatan dalam program reproduksi berbantu adalah rendahnya viabilitas dan motilitas sel spermatozoa. Analisis proteomik menunjukkan adanya banyak protein yang diduga berperan dalam regulasi motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa antara lain progesteron. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek prosurvival progesteron terhadap spermatozoa melalui penekanan apoptosis.BAHAN DAN CARA KERJA : Sampel spermatozoa dicuci dengan sentrifugasi gradient. Sampel spermatozoa di tambahkan progesteron dengan konsentrasi 0 kontrol , 250, 500, 750 dan 1000 ng/mL. Setelah perlakuan, sampel dilakukan pemeriksaan integritas membran dengan metode HOS dan pemeriksaan motilitas dengan Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer CASA . Deteksi protein fosforilasi tirosin dan Akt serta aktivitas kaspase dilakukan dengan metode western blot.HASIL : Efek penambahan progesteron meningkatkan rerata motilitas spermatozoa namun berbeda tidak bermakna p>0.05 . Integritas membran spermatozoa tidak berpengaruh pada pemberian progesteron. Analisis western blot menunjukkan peningkatan fosforilasi protein tirosin antara kelompok kontrol dan setelah diberikan progesteron p>0.05 . Demikian halnya dengan hasil fosforilasi protein Akt juga mengalami peningkatan pada kelompok kontrol dan setelah diberikan progesteron berbagai dosis. Aktivitas kaspase-3 mengalami penurunan bila dibandingkan antara kelompok kontrol dan setelah diberikan progesteron p

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BACKGROUND One of the obstacles in assisted reproduction programs is the low viability and motility of spermatozoa cells. Proteomic analysis indicates that many proteins are thought to play a role in the regulation of motility and viability of spermatozoa, among others, progesterone. This study aims to analyze the prosurvival effect of progesterone against spermatozoa through apoptosis suppression.METHODS Spermatozoa was washed with gradient centrifugation. Progesterone is added to each sample with a final concentration 0 control , 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ng mL. After the sample treatment was done, membrane integrity checking with hypoosmotic swelling test and motility examination with Computer Assisted Sperm Analyzer CASA . Detection of protein in the western blot will be done that recognizes the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues and Akt and caspase activity.RESULT The effect of addition of progesterone increases sperm motility but not signicantly different p 0.05 . The integrity of the spermatozoa membrane is no effect in progesterone. Western blot analysis revealed an increase of tyrosine phosphorylation protein levels between control and after progesterone group p 0.05 . Similarly, the results of Akt protein phosphorylation also increased in control and after progesterone group. Caspase 3 activity decreased when compared between control and after progesterone group p "

"LATAR BELAKANG: Infertilitas laki-laki salah satunya diakibatkan ketidakseimbangan transpor ion pada spermatozoa, yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan motilitas spermatozoa. Keseimbangan transpor ion untuk memelihara homeostasis spermatozoa yang dimediasi oleh ATPase, diantaranya adalah Na+, K+-ATPase dan Ca2+-ATPase. Beberapa penelitian telah membuktikan bahwa aktivitas spesifik Na+, K+-ATPase dan Ca2+-ATPase menurun pada kelompok astenozoospermia. Akan tetapi belum diketahui bagaimana aktivitas spesifik Na+, K+-ATPase dan Ca2+-ATPase pada kelompok infertilitas lain, yaitu oligoastenoteratozoospermia (OAT) dan nekrozoospermia. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini diteliti aktivitas spesifik Na+, K+-ATPase dan Ca2+-ATPase beserta ekspresi protein Na+, K+-ATPase isoform α4 dan PMCA4 pada kelompok OAT dan nekrozoospermia. METODE: Pada sampel dilakukan analisis semen, isolasi sel, protein dan fraksi membran. Analisis semen dilakukan secara mikroskopik dengan makler, disertai uji HOS dan viabilitas. Aktivitas enzim diukur berdasarkan kemampuan ATPase melepaskan fosfat organik dari ATP dan ditetapkan sebagai aktivitas spesifik. Ekspresi protein Na+, K+-ATPase isoform α4 dan PMCA4 dilakukan dengan teksnik western blot, sedangkan distribusi proteinnya digunakan teknik imunositokimia. HASIL: Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa hampir pada seluruh parameter baik motilitas, viabilitas, integritas membran, aktivitas Na+,K+-ATPase dan Ca2+- ATPase, serta ekspresi protein Na+,K+-ATPase Isoform α4 dan PMCA4 pada kelompok OAT dan nekrozoospermia cenderung lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan normozoospermia. Penurunan ekspresi PMCA4 pada kelompok OAT dan nekrozoospermia berbeda bermakna (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan normozoospermia. Hasil uji korelasi ekspresi Na+,K+-ATPase Isoform α4 dengan aktivitas spesifik Na+,K+-ATPase menunjukkan korelasi negatif yang lemah namun tidak bermakna. Demikian pula halnya dengan hasil uji ekspresi PMCA4 dan aktifitas spesifik Ca2+-ATPase. KESIMPULAN: Aktivitas spesifik Na+,K+-ATPase dan Ca2+-ATPase serta ekspresi Na+,K+-ATPase isoform α4 dan PMCA4 yang tinggi diperlukan untuk mendukung homeostasis sperma sehingga sperma mempunyai motilitas yang baik.

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BACKGROUND: Male infertility could be caused by sperm motility disorders. This condition is caused by imbalance ion transport. The balance of ion transport to maintain homeostasis of spermatazoa, is mediated by the ATPase, including the Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase. Several studies have shown that the specific activity of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase decreased in group astenozoospermia. There is no data about the specific activity of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase in the other infertility cases, i.e, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) dan necrozoospermia group. Therefore, this study investigated the specific activity of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase and the expression of Na+,K+-ATPase isoform α4 and PMCA4 protein in both cases.

METHODS: Samples were examined for semen analysis, cell isolation, proteins and membrane fractionation. Semen analysis performed microscopically by Makler, accompanied by HOS and viability test. Enzyme activity is measured by the ability ATPase to release organic phosphate from ATP and defined as a specific activity. The protein expression of Na+,K+-ATPase isoform α4 and PMCA4 done with western blot technique, while the distribution of the protein used immunocytochemistry techniques.

RESULT: This study showed that almost all the parameters such as motility, viability, membrane integrity, the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, and protein expression of Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms α4 and PMCA4 in the OAT and necrozoospermia were tendency lower than the normozoospermia. Decrease expression of PMCA4 on OAT and nekrozoospermia group were significantly difference compared to normozoospermia. The correlation of Na+,K+-ATPase isoform α4 intensity with specific activity of Na+,K+-ATPase as well as PMCA4 was weak negatife but not significantly.

CONCLUSSION: The specific activity of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase and high expression of Na+,K+-ATPase isoform α4 and PMCA4 support homeostasis condition in sperm leading achievement of good motility."

"Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi gliserol 6% dengan beberapa konsentrasi kuning telur terhadap kualitas spermatozoa ikan kerapu kertang Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1970) pascakriopreservasi. Semen ikan kerapu kertang didapatkan dengan metode pengurutan. Larutan pengencer terdiri atas marine fish ringer, gliserol 6%, dan berbagai konsentrasi kuning telur (0%; 5%; 10%; 15%; 20%; dan 25%). Ekuilibrasi dilakukan selama 10 menit pada suhu 4 ºC. Pembekuan dalam freezer (-20 ºC) selama 48 jam. Pencairan pada suhu 45 ºC selama 30-60 detik. Evaluasi semen dilakukan secara makroskopis (warna, volume, dan pH) dan secara mikroskopis (motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas) serta kemampuan fertilisasinya terhadap telur ikan kerapu macan. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANAVA yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey, terdapat perbedaan nyata (P>0,05) terhadap motilitas, viabilitas, dan kemampuan fertilisasi spermatozoa ikan kerapu kertang pascakriopreservasi, akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap abnormalitas spermatozoa pascakriopreservasi (P>0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan kuning telur 15% merupakan konsentrasi optimum karena menghasilkan nilai persentase rata-rata motilitas, viabilitas, dan kemampuan fertilisasi tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 83,64 ± 1,72%, 81,44 ± 2,06%, dan 77,31 ± 1,90%. Nilai rata-rata terendah pada persentase abnormalitas sebesar 21,50 ± 1,20%.

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Research on the effect of combination 6% glycerol and eggyolk as cryoprotectant of giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch, 1970) spermatozoa quality postcryopreservation. Giant grouper cement is obtained by sorting method. The diluent solution used consist of marine fish ringer, 6% glycerol, and varian egg yolk concentrations (0%; 5%; 10%; 15%; 20%; dan 25%). Equilibration is carried out for 10 minutes at 4ºC. Freezing in the freezer (-20 ºC) for 48 hours. Thawing at 45 ºC for 30-60 seconds. Cement evaluation is carried out macroscopically (color, volume, and pH) and microscopically (motility, viability, and abnormality) and also the ability to fertilize the egg of tigger grouper. Based on the ANAVA statistical test followed by Tukey, there were significant differences effect on motility, viability, and fertilization ability of spermatozoa of giant grouper postcryopreservation (P> 0.05), but abnormality was significantly affected (P <0.05). (P> 0.05). The optimum concentration of egg yolk is 15% because it produces the highest percentage value of motility, viability, and fertilization ability of 83.64 ± 1.72%, 81.44 ± 2.06% and 77.31 ± 1.90% respectively. The lowest average value of abnormalitiy percentage is 21.50 ± 1.20%."

"Tor soro adalah ikan endemik yang ditemukan di beberapa pulau di Indonesia meliputi Jawa, Sulawesi, dan Kalimantan. Ikan kancra Tor soro) mengalami penurunan jumlah di alam karena adanya overfishing,rusaknya habitat dan waktu pematangan kematangan gonad jantan dan betina yang berbeda. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menanggulangi hal salah satunya dengan melakukan kriopreservasi materi genetik (spermatozoa). Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai kriopreservasi ikan kancraTor soromenggunakan berbagai konsentrasi sari buah anggur Vitis vinifer sebagai antioksidan alami yang dikombinasikan dengan DMSO 10%. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi sari buah anggur (KK 0%; KP1 10%; KP2 20%; dan KP3 30%) yang dikombinasikan dengan DMSO 10% terhadap kualitas spermatozoa dan kemampuan fertilisasi spermatozoa ikan kancra 24 jam pascakriopreservasi. Hipotesis penelitian adalah sari buah anggur dengan berbagai konsentrasi (KK 0%; KP1 10%; KP2 20%; dan KP3 30%) memberikan pengaruh terhadap parameter uji meliputi motilitas, viabilitas, abnormalitas dan kemampuan fertilisasi spermatozoa ikan kancra 24 jam pascakriopreservasi. Hasil uji ANAVA satu faktor menunjukkan pemberian berbagai konsentrasi sari buah anggur memiliki rata-rata persentase motilitas, viabilitas, dan kemampuan fertilisasi spermatozoa ikan kancra 24 jam pascakriopreservasi berbeda yang nyata (P<0,05). Sedangkan pada rata-rata abnormalitas tidak ditemukan perbedaan (P>0,05). Hasil uji perbandingan berganda Tukey menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antarkelompok perlakuan KK (Sari buah anggur 0%) dengan KP1 (Sari buah anggur 10%) terhadap persentase motilitas, viabilitas dan kemampuan fertilisasi spermatozoa ikan kancra 24 jam pascakriopreservasi. Kombinasi terbaik adalah DMSO 10% dan sari buah anggur 10% karena dapat mempertahankan nilai persentase motilitas, viabilitas, kemampuan fertilisasi tertinggi dan nilai peresentase abnormalitas terendah dengan nilai 41,8 ± 11,2 %; 31,7%± 10,1 %; 77,8% ± 1,7 % ; dan 77,8% ± 1,7 %.Tor soro is an endemic fish found on several islands in Indonesia including Java, Sulawesi and Kalimantan. Kancra fishTor sorohas decreased in number due to overfishing, habitat destruction and asynchronous maturation timr of male and female gonad. Efforts that can be made to overcome this problems are cryopreserving of genetic material (spermatozoa). Cryopreservation of kancra fish Tor soro using various concentrations of grape juice (Vitis vinifera) as a natural antioxidant combined with 10% DMSO has been studied. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of grape juice (KK 0%; KP1 10%; KP2 20%; and KP3 30%)  combined with 10% DMSO on spermatozoa quality and fertilitation rate of spermatozoa kancra fish 24 hours postriopreservation. The hypothesis is grape juice concentration (KK 0%; KP1 10%; KP2 20%; and KP3 30%) influences the test parameters including motility, viability, abnormality and fertilization rates of kancra fish spermatozoa 24 hours postcryopreservation. The results of the one factor ANAVA test showed that giving various concentrations of grape juice had an average percentage of motility, viability, and fertilization rates of spermatozoa for 24 hour cryopreservation significantly different (P <0.05). While the abnormalities were found no difference (P> 0.05). The results of Tukey's multiple comparison test showed that there were significant differences between the control groups (0% grape juice) and KP1 (10% grape juice) to the percentage of motility, viability and fertilization ability of spermatozoa of kancra fish 24 hours postriopreservation. The best combination is DMSO 10% and grape juice 10% because it can maintain the highest percentage of motility, viability, fertilization ability and the lowest percentage of abnormalities with a values are 41,8 ± 11,2 %; 31,7%± 10,1 %; 77,8% ± 1,7 % ; and 77,8% ± 1,7 %."

"Penelitian mengenai pengaruh pemberian berbagai konsentrasi konsentrat kurma Phoenix dactylifera L. terhadap kualitas spermatozoa ikan koi Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1759 48 jam pascakriopreservasi telah dilakukan. Penelitian tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kombinasi metanol 10 dengan berbagai konsentrasi konsentrat kurma 0, 3, 5, 7, dan 9 terhadap motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa ikan koi 48 jam pascakriopreservasi. Semen ikan koi yang digunakan untuk kriopreservasi dikoleksi dengan metode pengurutan stripping yang kemudian dievaluasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis.Hasil evaluasi selanjutnya diuji dengan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk, uji homogenitas Levene, uji analisis variansi ANAVA faktor tunggal, dan uji perbandingan berganda Tukey. Hasil uji ANAVA faktor tunggal menunjukkan perbedaan nyata P < 0,05 terhadap persentase motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa ikan koi pascakriopreservasi. Metanol 10 dengan konsentrat kurma 5 merupakan kombinasi krioprotektan optimum karena menghasilkan nilai rata-rata tertinggi pada persentase motilitas 61,74 4,47 dan viabilitas 72,60 2,96, serta memberikan nilai rata-rata terendah pada persentase abnormalitas 22,00 3,16 spermatozoa ikan koi 48 jam pascakriopreservasi.

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Effects of various concentrations of dates palm juice Phoenix dactylifera L. to spermatozoa quality of koi fish Cyprinus carpio, Linnaeus 1758 48 hours post cryopreservation was investigated. The aim of this research is to determine combination effects of 10 methanol and various concentration of dates palm juice 0, 3, 5, 7, and 9 to koi fish spermatozoas motility, viability, and abnormality 48 hours post cryopreservation. Semen for cryopreservation was collected by stripping, then evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic.

The results of the evaluation were tested by Shapiro Wilk normality test, Levene homogeneity test, variants analysis ANAVA single factor test, and Tukey multiple comparison test. According to ANAVA, the percentage of motility, viability, and abnormality post cryopreservation was significantly different P 0,05. 10 methanol and 5 dates palm juice was the optimum concentration of cryoprotectant because it provides the highest average value in motility percentage 61,74 4,47 and viability percentage 72,60 2,96, and provides the lowest average value in abnormality percentage 22,00 3,16 spermatozoa of koi fish 48 hours post cryopreservation."

"Penelitian kriopreservasi spermatozoa ikan kerapu kertang memiliki tujuan mengetahui pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi susu skim (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) yang dikombinasikan dengan gliserol 6% terhadap motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas serta kemampuan fertilisasi spermatozoa ikan kerapu kertang pascakriopreservasi terhadap sel telur ikan kerapu macan. Larutan pengencer yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah larutan marine fish Ringer, gliserol 6%, susu skim berbagai konsentrasi. Rasio pengenceran yang digunakan adalah 1:9. Kriopreservasi dilakukan dalam freezer pada suhu -20°C, dengan lama penyimpanan selama 48 jam. Spermatozoa hasil kriopreservasi selama 48 jam digunakan untuk membuahi sel telur ikan kerapu macan. Hasil fertilisasi digunakan untuk mengukur parameter kualitas spermatozoa yang baik. Hasil uji ANAVA satu arah menunjukkan pemberian berbagai konsentrasi susu skim memiliki nilai rata-rata persentase motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa ikan kerapu kertang 48 jam pascakriopreservasi yang berbeda nyata (P˃0,05). Hasil terbaik ditunjukkan pada konsentrasi susu skim 20% dengan nilai persentase motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas secara berurutan sebesar 80,51 ± 3,46%; 81,24 ± 2,34%; dan 25,35 ± 2,04 %. Hasil analisis pada fertilisasi spermatozoa pascakriopreservasi menyatakan bahwa nilai rata-rata persentase fertilisasi tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan, namun pada konsentrasi susu skim 20% memberikan kemampuan fertilisasi yang baik yaitu 68 ± 1,70%.

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The objective of this study was to discover the effect of various concentration skim milk from (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) and combined with glycerol 6% which give the best effect towards motility, viability, abnormality and fertilization for Ephinephelus fuscogutattus (Forsskal 1775) capability of Ephinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch 1970) spermatozoa 48 hour after freezing. We used marine fish Ringer, glycerol 6%, and various concentration skim milk. Dilute the spermatozoa at 1 : 9 ratio. Cryopreservation is carried out in a freezer with a temperature of -20°C with a storage time of 48 hours. Cryopreservation spermatozoa for 48 hours is used to fertilize the egg Ephinephelus fuscogutattus (Forsskal 1775). Fertilization results are used to measure the quality parameter of spermatozoa Ephinephelus lanceolatus (Bloch 1970). Based on the ANAVA analysis, the treatment groups showed significant difference in average motility, viability and spermatozoa abnormality percentage with the control (P˃0.05). ANAVA analysis showed best result are obtained from 20% skim milk with average motility (80.51 ± 3.46%), sperm viability (81.24 ± 2.34%), and sperm abnormality (25.35 ± 2.04%). The results of analysis on fertilization with sperm post- cryopreservation stated that the average value of the percentage of fertilization was not significantly different between treatments, but at the concentration of skim milk 20% give a best ability of fertilization which was 68 ± 1.70%."