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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan risiko perusahaan dan rasio Risk Based Capital (RBC) terhadap perubahan modal perusahaan asuransi umum di Indonesia pada periode 2013-2017. Observasi dilakukan terhadap 29 perusahaan asuransi umum di Indonesia. Asset Risk dan Product Risk digunakan sebagai proksi untuk mengukur risiko perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan risiko perusahaan dan rasio RBC di Indonesia memiliki pengaruh signifikan dalam mempengaruhi perubahan modal perusahaan asuransi umum di Indonesia pada periode 2013-2017. Hasil ini sesuai dengan penelitian sebelumnya dengan topik yang sama untuk perusahaan asuransi umum dan perbankan. Pada penelitian ini, perubahan risiko perusahaan secara positif dan rasio RBC berpengaruh secara negatif terhadap perubahan modal perusahaan. Artinya, setiap adanya peningkatan risiko di perusahaan, perusahaan akan mengiringi peningkatan risiko tersebut dengan peningkatan modal sehingga perusahaan dapat mematuhi peraturan RBC dan mampu menanggulangi setiap risiko yang dimilikinya.

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The main purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of change in companies risk and risk based capital (RBC) ratio on the change in capital in general insurance companies in Indonesia for the period 2013-2017. Observations were made on 31 general insurance companies in Indonesia. Asset Risk and Product Risk were used as a proxy to measure company risk.

The results of research shows that the companies risk and RBC ratio in Indonesia have a significant influence on the change in capital in general insurance companies in Indonesia for the period 2013-2017. These results agree with the previous research on the same topic for general insurance and banking companies.

In this study, change in companies risk has a positive influence and RBC ratio has a negative influence on changes in companies capital. That means, whenever there is an increase in risk in the company, the company will increase their capital so that the company can comply with RBC regulations and are able to cope with any risks they has."

"Penelitian ini meneliti pengaruh regulasi kecukupan modal dan karakteristik perusahaan terhadap perubahan tingkat modal dan risiko perusahaan. Observasi dilakukan terhadap 58 perusahaan asuransi kerugian di Indonesia selama kurun waktu 2007-2011. Data yang digunakan merupakan balanced panel data yang bersumber dari data perusahaan yang terdaftar di BAPEPAM-LK. Dengan menggunakan model estimasi Three-Stage Least Square (3SLS), diperoleh hasil bahwa regulasi kecukupan modal tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan tingkat modal dan risiko. Karakteristik perusahaan berupa peluang pertumbuhan, volatilitas risiko, dan investasi saham berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat modal, sementara diversifikasi, ukuran perusahaan, dan investasi saham berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat risiko. Perusahaan dengan modal rendah lebih cepat menyesuaikan modal dan risiko mereka dibandingkan perusahaan dengan modal tinggi.

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This research examine the impact of Risk Based Capital (RBC) and firms? characteristics on changes of insurers? modal and risk level. 58 general insurance companies in Indonesia are observed within period of 2007-2011. By using balanced panel data of firm data and by using Three-Stage Least Squares (3SLS) estimation model, this research finds that RBC does not significantly affect modal and risk level. The firms characteristics, which are growth opportunities, risk volatility, and stock investment affect change of capital level significantly, while diversification, size, and stock investment affect change of risk level significantly. Low-capital insurers adjust capital and risk faster than insurers with high capital."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat hubungan diantara capital investment spending perusahaan, cash holdings, dan working capital berdasarkan perilaku pembayaran dividend perusahaan. Sampel perusahaan manufaktur yang diperdagangkan secara umum di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode 2013-2017. Hasil empiris memberikan bukti pengaruh kuat dan signifikan secara statistik tentang pengaruh  antara cash holding dan capital investment dan antara working capital dan capital investment pada perusahaan manufaktur yang diperdagangkan secara publik di Indonesia pada periode 2013 sampai dengan 2017. Perusahaan dengan kebijakan pembayaran dividend rendah dan tinggi selama periode sampel sangat tergantung pada operating cash flow,  perubahan cash dan working capital untuk mendanai pengeluaran capital investment perusahaan.

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The purpose of this study is to see the relationship between corporate capital investment spending, cash holdings, and working capital based on the companys dividend payout behavior. Samples of manufacturing companies that are publicly traded on Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2013-2017 period.

The empirical results provide evidence of a strong and statistically significant influence on the effect of cash holding and capital investment and between working capital and capital investment in publicly traded manufacturing companies in Indonesia in the period 2013 to 2017. Companies with a policy of low and high dividend payout during the sample period depends on the operating cash flow, changes in cash and working capital to fund the expenditure of the companys capital investment."

"Penelitian ini pada dasarnya bertujuan untuk meneliti pengaruh intellectual capital IC terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan asuransi, yang dilandaskan Berdasarkan pengelompokan Global Industry Clasification Standart yang membagi perusahaan menjadi dua kelompok yaitu, perusahaan yang padat IC High IC ndash; Intensive Industries dan perusahaan yang tidak padat IC Low-IC Intesinve Industries . Sedangkan perusahaan asuransi merupakan salah satu jenis perusahaan yang termasuk dalam kategori padat IC. Selain itu IC dianggap sebagai pengetahuan dan wawasan tentang kolektivitas perusahaan. IC menggambarkan sumber daya yang bernilai dan memiliki kemampuan yang berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan. Suatu perusahaan yang tidak menaruh perhatian khusus pada kekayaan Intellectual akan membuat suatu perusahaan sulit untuk berkembang. Pengukuran intellectual Capital yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode VAIC trade; yang dikembangkan oleh Ante Pulic. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan teknik analisa menggunakan Partial Least Square PLS .

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The research basically aims to examine the influence of intellectual capital IC on the financial performance of insurance companies, based on the classification of global industry classification which divides the company into two groups, companies that are solid IC High IC Intensive Industries and companies that do not solid IC Low IC Intensive Industries . While the insurance company is one of the types of companies included in the solid IC category. In addition, IC is considered as knowledge and insight about the collectivity of the company. IC describe valuable resources and have knowledge based capabilities. A company that does not pay special attention to Intellectual wealth will make a company difficult to develope. The intellectual capita measurements in this study were using the VAIC trade method develope by Ante Pulic. The methodology used is quantitative with analytical technique using Partial Least Square PLS . "

"Penelitian dilakukan dalam rangka menganalisis fenomena kelesuan keuangan dari industri asuransi jiwa Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari Loss Ratio, Premium Growth, dan Risk Based Capital terhadap risiko kebangkrutan dari perusahaan asuransi jiwa Indonesia pada periode tahun 2015 – 2018. Loss Ratio merupakan penggambatan dari profitabilitas perusahaan asuransi jiwa, Premium Growth menggambarkan pertumbuhan dan kestabilan pendapatan dari perusahaan asuransi jiwa, dan pencapaian Risk Based Capital menggambarkan solvabilitas dari perusahaan asuransi jiwa. Berdasarkan pengujian data dan analisis yang dilakukan, menunjukkan bahwa Premium Growth perusahaan asuransi jiwa dan Risk Based Capital dari perusahaan asuransi jiwa berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap risiko kebangkrutan perusahaan asuransi jiwa di Indonesia.

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The study was conducted in order to analyze the phenomena of financial sluggishness from the Indonesian life insurance industry. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of Loss Ratio, Premium Growth, and Risk Based Capital on the risk of bankruptcy from Indonesian life insurance companies in the period 2015 - 2018. Loss Ratio is a reduction of the profitability of life insurance companies, Premium Growth describes growth and stability income from life insurance companies, and achievement of Risk Based Capital illustrates the solvency of life insurance companies. Based on data testing and analysis conducted, it shows that the Premium Growth of life insurance companies and Risk Based Capital of life insurance companies significantly influence the risk of bankruptcy of life insurance companies in Indonesia."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor spesifik perusahaan dan makroekonomi terhadap struktur modal perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI pada periode 2013-2017. Variabel yang mewakili faktor spesifik perusahaan dalam penelitian ini adalah profitabilitas PRO, tangibilitas TAN, ukuran perusahaan SIZ, volatilitas pendapatan ERV, pertumbuhan perusahaan GRO, non debt tax shield NDT dan kas CSH. Faktor makroekonomi yang diuji adalah tingkat suku bunga INR, Produk Domestik Bruto GDP dan inflasi INF. Pengujian dilakukan dengan model regresi data panel dengan metode random effect dengan estimator generalized least square GLS. Hasil regresi yang dilakukan, menemukan bahwa variabel TAN dan NDT berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap utang. Kemudian variabel INF ditemukan berpengaruh positif namun tidak signifikan terhadap utang. Selanjutnya variabel PRO, SIZ dan GRO berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap utang dan variabel ERV, CSH, INR dan GDP berpengaruh negatif namun tidak signifikan terhadap utang.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the effect of company specific and macroeconomic factors on capital structure of non financial companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2013 2017. The variables that represent company specific factors in this research are profitability PRO, tangibility TAN , siz SIZ , earning volatility ERV, growth GRO , non debt tax shield NDT and cash CSH. The macroeconomic factors tested were interest rate INR, Gross Domestic Product GDP and inflation INF. This study using panel data with random effect methods Generalized Least Square estimator to test the model. The result of this research found that TAN and NDT have positive and significant effect on leverage. Then INF has positive insignificant effect on leverage. Furthermore, the variables of PRO, SIZ and GRO have negative and significant effect on leverage and the variables of ERV, CSH, INR and GDP have negative insignificant effect on leverage."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pengaruh penghindaran pajak dan risiko pajak terhadap biaya utang di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Kovermann (2018) dalam menguji hubungan antar variabel. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan sampel 300 perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI selama tahun 2013-2017. Hasil regresi data panel membuktikan tidak adanya hubungan antara penghindaran pajak dan biaya utang, risiko pajak dan biaya utang, serta tidak diperkuatnya hubungan antara penghindaran pajak dan biaya utang oleh risiko pajak.This study discusses about the effect of tax avoidance and tax risk on cost of debt in Indonesia. This study uses the Kovermann model (2018) in testing the relationship between variables. This research is quantitative with a sample of 300 companies listed on Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) during 2013-2017. Panel data regression results show there is no relationship between tax avoidance and cost of debt, tax risk and cost of debt, and the relationship between tax avoidance and cost of debt is not strengthened by tax risk."

"Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh risk based capital, penerimaan premi, underwriting dan klaim terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan Asuransi kerugian di Indonesia tahun 2006-2011. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode Regresi Berganda. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling dengan kriteria tertentu, yaitu perusahaan yang listing di BEI periode 2006 -2011. Setelah dilakukan uji beda menyatakan bahwa rasio klaim memiliki pengaruh yang lebih signifikan terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan asuransi kerugian dibanding rasio keuangan lainnya. Terdapat pengaruh terbalik rasio klaim terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan Asuransi kerugian. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, peneliti menyarankan agar dapat dilakukan dengan menambahkan variable secara keseluruhan agar hasil penelitian yang didapatkan menjadi lebih akurat.

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The purpose of this study is to find out how influence of risk based capital, premium, underwriting and ratio of Insurance Company Profitability in Indonesia in 2006-2011. This research is research quantitative by using the method of multiple regression.The sampling technique is purposive sampling to certain criteria, namely insurance companies in IDX in 2006-2011. After testing different States that a claim ratio has more significant effects on the profitability of general insurance company compared to other financial ratios. There are significant inverse ratio of claims on the profitability of general insurance company. For further research, researchers suggest financial ratios still has a significant influence on less for the company general insurance, This shows the existence of development still need this ratio in order to get the company profit greatly from this type of financial ratios."

"ABSTRAKThis study aims to analyze the growth of income, assets, ratio of claim and Risk Based Capital affecting Profitability of life insurance companies in Indonesia which registered and supervised by otoritas jasa keuangan period 2009 until 2015. This research using the secondary data which obtained through the publication of OJK Insurance Statistics and Infobank magazine for the period of publication of OJK Insurance Statistics and Infobank magazine for the period of 2009 until 2015. Thirty two companies were drawn as sample from fifty five companies. Thw analysis technique used is panel data regression. From the analysis result indicate that variable of claim ratio and risk based capital have negative significant effect to profitability. While simultaneously the income growth variable, asset, claim ratio, risk based capital significantly influence the profitability of life insurance companies registered and supervised by Otoritas jasa keuangan. The magnitude of the influence pf independent variables is 45.07 percent, while the remaining 54.93 percent influenced by other factors not included in this research model."

"Reasuransi merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam bisnis asuransi. Untuk mengelola bisnis, asuransi tidak hanya mengandalkan kapasitas sendiri, tetapi juga kapasitas tambahan yang diberikan oleh reasuransi. Sebagai parameter kesehatan finansial, OJK sebagai regulator mewajibkan asuransi untuk memiliki Reasuransi dalam negeri. Seperti kita ketahui, reasuransi dalam negeri di Indonesia tidak setinggi reasuransi asing. Bisnis asuransi akan selalu dikaitkan dengan reasuransi karena sifat asuransi yaitu spreading risk (dengan mengurangi risiko yang timbul dari klaim). Penelitian sebelumnya memberikan indikator bahwa kekuatan finansial akan mempengaruhi bagaimana perusahaan jasa mengelola bisnis dan profitabilitas mereka. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki secara empiris hubungan antara kekuatan finansial perusahaan dengan bisnis yang dijalankannya. Kekuatan finansial untuk bisnis reasuransi merupakan komponen terpenting karena karakteristik bisnisnya, business to business. RBC sebagai salah satu parameter perusahaan asuransi untuk memilih reasuransi. Jadi dengan komponen RBC asuransi dapat melihat bagaimana bisnis dan tata kelola reasuransi. Kerangka analisis didasarkan pada hubungan antara faktor modal berbasis risiko dalam reasuransi dengan efektivitas bisnis dan profitabilitas. Data selanjutnya akan diberikan oleh laporan tahunan perusahaan dengan total 5 reasuransi lokal di Indonesia yang diuji dengan model regresi. Penelitian akan menunjukkan bagaimana faktor Risk based capital mempengaruhi bisnis perusahaan reasuransi. Penelitian diharapkan dapat membantu industri untuk lebih memahami pentingnya kekuatan finansial perusahaan reasuransi meningkatkan pengetahuan penulis lebih dalam tentang pentingnya faktor RBC untuk bisnis reasuransi. Berbeda dengan asuransi, meskipun bisnis jasa, asuransi akan langsung ke konsumen, dan reasuransi akan merusak bisnis dari asuransi, sehingga akan menjadi karakteristik B2B. Selain layanan reasuransi, kekuatan finansial adalah salah satu parameter utama dari asuransi untuk memilih reasuransi.

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Reinsurance is one of important aspect from insurance business. To ruin their business, insurnaces don’t only rely on their capacity, but to their back up capacity behind them. For arising financial strength and intercalation to Indonesia’s GDP, OJK as regulatory has obligatory for insurance to ceded their insurance cession to domestic Reinsurance. As we know, domestic reinsurances in Indonesia don’t high as high foreign Reinsurance. So they will rely on their financial strenght to ruin their business due to lack of capacity. Insurance business would be always linked with reinsurace due to their requirements for spreading risk (by reduce the variability of the financial costs to insurance companies arising from the claims). The prior researches give indicator that financial strenght will affect how sevice company ruin their business and profitability making. This paper is aim to empirically inquire intercouse between financial strength of the company with their running business. Financial strenght for reinsurance business is the most important component due to their business characteristic, business to business. RBC as one of the parameter will be the one which impose the insurance company to lay their business. So with RBC’s component we could inquire how reinsurance’s business and profitability. The analysis framework is based on relationship between risk based capital’ factor in reinsurance with their business and profitability effectivity. Data will be provided secunderly by companies annual report with total 5 local reinsurance in Indonesia. And will be examined by regression model. The finding will indicate how Risk based capital’s factor involve business and profitability both for reinsurance company. The findings may help industry to better understand how financial power’ factor work for profitability. To improve authors’ deeper knowledge about the importance of risk based capital’ factor for reinsurance core business and profitability. Different from insurance, even though they are service business, insurance would be dirrect to the consumers, and reinsurance will ruin business from insurance, so they will be B2B characteristic. Beside the service of the reinsurance, financial strenght is one of the most parameter from insurance to prefer their account.

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