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"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the public health problems worldwide, including in Indonesia. Cardiovascular disease was the main cause of death (75-80%) in DM, three-fourths of this death was caused by coronary heart disease (CHD). Approximately 34.2% of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) receiving care at ICCU of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital (RSCM) suffered from DM. Mortality rates of ACS in DM patients were still high and ACS prognosis in DM patients were still unfavorable. There are many factors playing a part in atherosclerosis and ACS incidence in DM patients, such as metabolic disorders due to hyperglycemia and the fomration of advanced glycation end product (AGE), oxidative stress, atherogenic dyslipidemia in DM in the form of high triglyceride level and low HDL cholesterol as well as an increase in small dense LDL, and insulin resistance. In addition, other risk factors of CHD frequently encountered with DM were hypertension, obesity, thrombocytc hyperaggregation and hypercoagulation. The management ofthis disease which was based on the control of risk factors was not yet satisfactory.Inflammatory response played an important role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, beginning with early lesion up to acute coronary syndrome. Increase in inflammatory responses (hsCRP) could predict cardiovascular event and predict post-ACS prognosis. Studies in DM population showed an increase in inflammation. ln-depth studies on inflammatory responses in ACS DM patients have not yet been reported. In normal condition, there was a balance of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines. The ratio of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines in ACS, particularly DM patients has not been studied. The relationship between metabolic factor (blood glucose, glyco Hb and lipid) and inflammatory response in ACS DM patients has not yet also been studied.Currently, the effort to decrease inflammatory response is made, among others, by aspirin, statin hypolipidemic medication and insulin sensitizer. Although aspirin and statin were used routinely in ACS patients and have proved to reduce inflammation, morbidity and mortality rates of ACS patients were still high. Thus, we would like to observe whether an addition of other medications in standard therapy could reduce inflammation better. Curcumin in experimental animals-and humans) showed -hypolipidemic effect (decrease 'in absorption and increase in catabolism) and hypoglycemia (effect on PPAR-7). Curcumin also demonstrated antiinflammatory effect. In this study we would like to observe the effects of curcumin on both metabolic factors and inflammatory responses in ACS patients.PROBLEM IDENTIFICATIONThe above elaboration showed a discrepancy associated with inflammatory response in DM ACS patients. Up to now, the relationship of metabolic factor and inflammatory response in DM ACS has not been clear yet. Likewise, the effects of curcumin on metabolic factor and inflammatory response in ACS have not yet been identified.OBJECTIVESTo evaluate inflammatory responses in DM ACS and its relationship with metabolic factors (glucose, blood; glyco Hb, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride); to evaluate the ratio of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-6/IL-10) in ACS DM patients, and to identify the effects of curcumin on metabolic factors and inflammatory responses in ACS patients.SETTINGThe study was conducted at ICCU of RSCM, ICCU of Persahabatan, ICCU of RS MMC and ICCU of Medistra Hospital, Cardiology Polyclinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia! RSCM and Integrated Cardiac Service Poiyclinic of RSCM.STUDY SUBJECTSACS patients (DM and non-DM) and CHD (DM and non-DM).DESIGNThere were two studies: l. Observational design to observe inflammatory responses (hscRP, IL-6, IL-IO, VCAM and ICAM) in DM ACS, non-DM ACS, DM CI-ID, and non-DM CHD; to evaluate the relationship between metabolic factors (fasting blood glucose, blood glucose 2 hours PP, glyco Hb, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDI.. cholesterol and triglyceride) and inflammatory responses (hsCRP, IL-6, IL-10, VCAM and ICAM) in ACS DM. 2. Interventional study which was a double-blind randomized trial to evaluate the effects of curcumin at escalating doses (low dose 3:-:IS mglday, moderate dose 3x30 mg/day and high dose 3x60 mg/day on metabolic factors (fasting blood glucose. blood glucose 2 hours PP and glyco Hb) and the effects of curcumin at escalating doses on inflammatory responses (hsCRP, ll.-6, VCAM and ICAM) in ACS patients.RESULTSIn observational study, |46 subjects were analyzed, consisting of 84 ACS patients, (30 DM ACS patients and 54 non-DM ACS), and 62 CHD (25 DM CHD patients and 37 non-DM CHD patients). The results of the study in the four groups of patients showed: 1. Inflammatory response in DM ACS was higher than in DM CHD (hsCRP, p=0.00; II..-6, p=0.00; IL-10, p=0.00) and non-DM ACS (ICAM, P=0.03). 2. The ratio of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-6/II..-10) in DM ACS did not differ from that of DM CHD (p=0.2l) and non-DM ACS (p=0.5 l). 3. There was a relationship between metabolic factors and inflammatory responses in DM ACS: triglyceride and ll.-6 (r=O.39, p=0.03) and II..-I0 (r=0.37, p=o.o4).In interventional study we performed randomization in 75 ACS patients divided into four groups, consisting of low-dose curcumin group of 15 patients, moderate-dose curcumin group of 15 patients, high-dose curcumin group of IS patients, and placebo group of 30 patients. The results of the study in these four groups showed: l. Low-dose curcumin showed a decrease in hsCRP in one week ofthe first month after intervention, there was a significant difference liom that of placebo (p=0.04). Low-dose, moderate-dose, high-dose curcumin groups showed a decrease in IL-6, but was not significantly different from placebo. Low-dose, moderate-dose, high-dose curcumin did not show a decrease in VCAM and ICAM after intervention of 2 months. 2. Low-dose curcumin group tended to experience a decrease in glyco Hb level after intervention of 2 months (p=0.06); however, it was not significantly different from that of placebo. 3. There was a tendency that low-dose curcumin reduced total cholesterol and LDI. cholesterol; however, it was not significantly different from that of placebo. There was a tendency that low-dose curcumin increased HDL cholesterol; however, it was not significantly different from that of placebo. 4. There was a tendency that the pattern of escalating doses had some effects in inflammatory responses and metabolic factors, in which low-dose curcumin showed the best effects, followed by moderate-dose and finally high- dose curcumin.CONCLUSIONSIn this study, inflammatory responses in DM ACS patients were higher than those in DM CHD and non-DM ACS patients. There was no difference in the ratio of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines (IL-6fIL-IO) in DM ACS compared with DM CHD and non-DM ACS. ln addition, the present study identified some of the relationships between metabolic factors and inflammatory responses. Low-dose curcumin reduced hsCRP in one week of the first month after the intervention in ACS patients. There was a tendency that low-dose curcumin reduced glyco Hb level in ACS."

"ABSTRAK Kanker endometrium merupakan keganasan ginekologi tersering keempat pada wanita. Di seluruh dunia, setiap tahun 142,000 wanita terdiagnosis kanker endometrium dan angka mortalitas sekitar 42,000. Kanker endometrium dibagi menjadi 2 tipe yaitu tipe 1 dan tipe 2 berdasarkan histologi dan karakteristik molecular. Kanker endometrium sekitar 80%-90% adalah tipe 1 yaitu adenokarsinoma endometrioid. Tipe I berhubungan dengan estrogen berlebih, faktor-faktor risiko antara lain obesitas, diabetes mellitus, menopause lambat dan nulliparitas. Insiden tipe 2 sekitar 10-20%, angka mortalitas lebih tinggi pada tipe ini. Faktor risiko pada tipe 2 tidak diketahui dengan pasti, dan tidak bergantung pada estrogen. Kanker endometrium tipe 2 memiliki angka kesintasan yang lebih buruk dibandingkan tipe 1.

Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dan faktor risiko yaitu obesitas, diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dan status menopause pada kanker endometrium tipe 1 dan tipe II.

Metode: Penelitian desain potong lintang di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, pasien yang terdiagnosa kanker endometrium dengan hasil histologi dan ditatalaksana selama juli 2014-desember 2016. Data pasien obesitas, diabetes mellitus tipe 2 dan status menopause dicatat dan dianalisa.

Hasil: Didapatkan total 255 subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pada kanker endometrium tipe 1 didapatkan Indeks massa tubuh (IMT) overweight yaitu 25,09 kg/m², sedangkan tipe 2 didapatkan berat badan ideal. Faktor risiko diabetes mellitus tipe 2 pada kedua tipe kanker tidak signifikan bermakna, pada analisis multivariat didapatkan tipe 2 lebih banyak didapatkan pada status menopause yang lebih awal.

Kesimpulan: Profil faktor risiko antara tipe 1 dan tipe 2 kanker endometrium hampir serupa pada penelitian ini, dikarenakan karakteristik pasien dan jalur etiologi yang bervariasi. Kanker endometrium tipe 2 lebih banyak terjadi pada usia menopause lebih awal.

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ABSTRACT Endometrial cancer (EC) is a four common malignancy in women.The incidence in worldwide about 142,000 women diagnosed and 42,000 deaths due to endometrial cancer. There were two distinct types based on histologic and molecular characteristics. Type I EC comprise 80-90%, commonly referred to as the endometrioid type. Type I EC is an estrogen dependent tumor, risk factors for type I EC are obesity, diabetes mellitus, late menopause and nulliparity. Type II EC incidence about 10-20%, mortality was higher in this type. The risk factors of type II EC were not well known and not through the estrogen pathway. Type II EC have worse survival rate compared to type I EC.

Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to identify correlation and compare risk factors between obesity, diabetes mellitus type II and menopausal state in type I and type II endometrial cancer

Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital, records of all patients with histology proven endometrial carcinoma, diagnosed and treated from 2013-2017 were reviewed. Patients data including obesity, diabetes mellitus type II, and menopausal state were recorded. All of the information was collected and analyze.

Result: From total of 255 subjects of this study that complete inclusion criteria. Overweight BMI was found in endometrial cancer type 1. Diabetes mellitus type 2 and menopausal state was not statistically significant (p >0.25). On multivariate analysis found endometrial cancer type 1 was found higher in early menopause women.

Conclusions: The risk factor profiles for type 1 and type 2 are similar in this study, suggesting patient characteristics and various etiologic pathways.

 

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"ABSTRAKNama : Utami RachmawatiProgram Studi : Magister Ilmu KeperawatanJudul Riset : Hubungan Karakteristik, Melek DM, dan Kesadaran Diri dengan Manajemen Diri Lansia dengan DM di Kota Depok Melek DM dan kesadaran diri merupakan aspek internal yang perlu dimiliki lansia dengan DM selama menjalani manajemen diri DM. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik, melek DM, dan kesadaran diri dengan manajemen diri lansia dengan DM. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross-sectional menggunakan sampel lansia dengan DM di wilayah Depok sebesar 106 responden yang dipilih dengan teknik cluster sampling. Analisis menggunakan uji t independen pada variabel jenis kelamin, suku, pendidikan terakhir, riwayat DM keluarga dan Pearson product moment pada variabel usia, penghasilan, melek DM dan kesadaran diri. Analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Karakterisik responden memiliki median usia 64 tahun, mayoritas bersuku Jawa, memiliki proporsi pendidikan rendah dan menengah yang sama, median penghasilan 2 juta, serta sebagian besar memiliki riwayat DM keluarga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia, jenis kelamin, penghasilan, melek DM, dan kesadaran diri dengan manajemen diri DM. Hasil analisis multivariat menununjukkan bahwa usia merupakan variabel paling dominan dalam mempengaruhi manajemen diri DM lansia. Peningkatan intervensi berbasis lansia diharapkan menjadi salah satu alternatif penanggulangan DM lansia dengan memperhatikan karakteristik usia, penghasilan, dan melek DM. Pendekatan yang bisa dilakukan yakni dengan menerapkan intervensi edukasi kesehatan perorangan dengan media audiovisual.

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ABSTRACTName Utami RachmawatiStudy Program Master of NursingTitle Associations between Characteristics, Diabetes Literacy, and Self Awareness with Diabetes Self Management of Community Dwelling Elderly in Depok Diabetes literacy and self awareness becomes the internal factors elderly should have to manage their diabetes routines. This research was aimed to indicate associations between characteristics, diabetes literacy and self awareness to diabetes self management of elderly with diabetes. This research used cross sectional correlation method and used 106 sampel of elderly with diabetes chosen by cluster sampling. This research took place in Depok. The datas were analyzed using bivariate with t independent test for sex, ethnicity, education, and family history also Pearson product moment for age, income, diabetes literacy, and self awareness. Logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis. Respondent median age was 64 years, mostly from Java, had an equal proportion of basic and middle range education. Median of income was 2 million and mostly had diabetes positive family history. This research showed a significant correlation between age, sex, income, diabetes literacy, and self awareness with diabetes self management. Multivariate analysis showed that age was the dominan factor affecting diabetes self management in elderly. Elderly based intervention should consider age, income, and diabetes literacy as an alternative to compete against diabetes. Individual health education using audiovisual media could be one of the way to achieve them."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Hendaya kognitif non demensia (HKND) merupakan kondisi prademensiayang perlu dideteksi pada kelompok 'brain at risk?, terutama penyandang DM tipe 2.Demensia akan menjadi masalah epidemik karena tingginya laju pertumbuhan usia lanjut,sementara saat ini belum ada terapi yang menyembuhkan (cure). Umumnya HKND akanberkembang menjadi demensia dalam waktu 5 - 6 tahun. Saat ini belum ada pedomanstandar untuk diagnosis HKND dan belum diketahui faktor risiko yang berperan padaHKND. Hal tersebut mendorong dilakukarmya penelitian untuk mendapatkan modelprediksi HKND dengan membandingkan kelompok terpajan DM dan non-DM denganpendekatan klinis, psikometrik dan MR Spektroskopi.Subyek dan metode: Terhadap 199 subyek telitian (88 DM, 85 non-DM dan 26 TGT)berusia 45 - 75 tahun dengan pendidikan minimal tamat SMP, dilakukan serangkaianevaluasi klinis, psikometrik dan radiologik (desain potong lintang, analitik kornparatit).Diagnosis HKND mengacu pada evaluasi DSM IV, CDR, TMIG, GDS, MMSE dan hasiltes ROCF, TMT B, dig!! backward, CDT dan verbal fluency caregory. Data klinisdiperoleh dari rekam medis dan hasil pemeriksaan Jaboratorium. MR Spektroskopidilakukan di gims singulat posterior dengan MRI 1,5 Tesla, TE 35 ms.Hasil: Model prediksi HKND yang terbentuk dari analisis multivariat terdiri dad 6variabel yaitu DM Tipe 2, dislipidemia, gangguan deprsi, tes ROCF, TMT B dan digitbackward. Tes ROCF mempunyai peran terbesar sebagai prediktor I-IKND. Dalam telitianini dikembangkan model deteksi HKND dengan sistem skor untuk memudahkan aplikasiklinis selain model dengan perhitungan probabilitas. Uji diagnoslik model skormenunjukkan sensitivitas dan spesititas yang baik.Bagi penyandang DM Tipe 2, probabilitas HKND ditentukan oleh hasil tes ROCF, TMTB dan skor fungsi kemandirian individu (TMIG). Profil psikometrik yang menunjukkangangguan sirkuit subkortikal-frontal ini ditunjang oleh temuan lesi subkortikal (52 %) danatrofi sentral (33 %). Pada evaluasi MRS, subyek HKND mempunyai rerata rasioNAA/Kr yang rendah, ml/Kr dan kolin/Kr yang tinggi.Simpulan: Deteksi prademensia pada kelompok berisiko dapat dilakukan dalam praldikdengan menghitung skor HKND dan persentase probabilitasnya bila diketahui kondisiklinis dan hasil tes psikometrik spesifik. Kondisi depresi, DM Tipe 2 dan dislipidemiamerupakan faktor risiko yang dapat dihindari dan dikelola agar individu tidak mengalamihendaya kognitif yang lebih berat (demensia).

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AbstractIntroduction: Cognitively Impaired Not Demented (CIND) is a predementia state among?brain at risk? population such as people with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Detection of CINDis very important because dementia has been reach an epidemic problem due to theincreasing number of aging population, meanwhile until now there are still no cure fordementia. Most CIND will develop to dementia within 5 - 6 years. The standard criteriafor CIND and its risk factors have not yet been identified. Therefore in this study wedevelop a prediction model of CIND through clinical approach, psychometric andMR- Spectroscopy in person with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus.Subject and methods: The study was done in Jakarta. One hundred ninety nine subjects(88 with DM, 85 non-DM and 26 IGT) age 45 - 75 years who at least graduated juniorhigh school were involved in the study (cross-sectional, comparative analytic). CINDdiagnosis was made clinically according to DSM IV, CDR, TMIG, GDS, MMSE andspecific psychometric tests (ROCF, TMT B, digit backward, CDT and verbal fluencycategory). Clinical data were obtained from medical record and laboratory tests. MR-Spectroscopy was made in posterior cingulate voxel gyms (MRI 1.5 Tesla, TE 35 ms).Result: Multivariate analysis revealed CIND prediction model that consists of 6 variablesas follow: type-2 DM, dyslipidemia, depression, ROCF test, TMT B, and digit backward.ROCF test was the Strongest predictor of CIND. In this study, besides the probabilitymodel we also have developed CIND scoring system for clinical application, whichshowed good sensitivity and specificity in statistical diagnostic test.The probability of CIND among diabetics (VCIND) was determined by 2 specificcognitive tests (ROCF and TMT B) and higher functional capacity TMIG questioner. Thepsychometric profile of VCIND showed subcortical-frontal circuit dysfunction that mightbe related to subcortical lesion (52 %) and central atrophy (33 %) findings in MRI. Meanof NAA/Kr ratio was low among CIND, but ml/Kr and Cho/Kr were high.Conclusion: Predementia detection among brain at risk population can be done inpractice by calculating the score of CIND model prediction if the clinical condition andspecific psychometric tests were reported. Type-2 DM, depression and dyslipidemia aremodifiable dementia risk factors which can be managed to avoid severe cognitiveimpairment."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang. Ulkus Kaki Diabetik DFU adalah salah satu komplikasi dari Diabetes Mellitus, saat ini cenderung meningkat di seluruh dunia, khususnya di Jakarta, Indonesia. Beberapa penelitian mengindikasikan polimorfisme gen matrix metalloproteinases-9 MMP9 pada titik -1652C/T dan 836 A/G memiliki peranan penting dalam perkembangan dan patofisiologi Ulkus kaki diabetik yakni sebagai penanda inflamasi. Namun belum ada penelitian yang spesifik meneliti tentang MMP9 dalam hubungannya dengan DFU di Jakarta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan polimorfisme gen MMP9 dengan penyakit ulkus diabetik pada penderita Diabetes melitus tipe 2 di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, Indonesia.Metode Penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan case control study, subjek penelitian adalah semua penderita DM tipe 2 dengan atau tanpa DFU yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan berkunjung ke RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada bulan juli 2016-Desember 2016. Data demografi, klinis, laboratorium, distribusi genotip dan distribusi alel dicatat serta peneliti mencari hubungan antara Polimorfisme gen MMP9 dengan penyakit ulkus pada penderita Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2.Hasil Penelitian. Terdapat seratus sembilan puluh tujuh pasien diabetes mellitus tipe dua laki-laki = 49,2 , dan perempuan = 50,8 . Faktor yang berpengaruh dan bermakna secara statistik yakni PAD p=0,001 , Nyeri Istirahat p=0,001 , Neuropati p=0,001 , Merokok p=0,001 , Hipertensi p=0,001 , Anemia p=0,001 , Leukositosis p=0,001 . Pada uji bivariat, diketahui Pada MMP9 -1562C>T, Genotip TC memiliki perbedaan secara signifikan secara statistik, dan merupakan faktor pencegah dalam terjadinya DFU p=0,001 .Kesimpulan. Distribusi Alel Polimorfisme gen -1562C/T pada seluruh populasi, pada alel C = 74,6 , Alel T = 25,4 . Distribusi Alel Polimorfisme gen 836A/G, pada alel A = 41,4 , dan Alel G = 58,6 pada seluruh populasi. Diketahui Pada MMP9 -1562C>T, Genotip TC memiliki perbedaan secara signifikan secara statistik, dan merupakan faktor pencegah dalam terjadinya DFU p=0,001 di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia.

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ABSTRACTObjectives. Diabetic Foot ulcer DFU as Diabetes complication, is increasing worldwide especially in Jakarta, Indonesia. Several studies indicated that matrix metalloproteinases 9 MMP9 play key roles in the progression of Diabetic Foot Ulcer as an important inflammatory marker involved in the pathophysiology of DFU. But there is no study specifically examining MMP9 associated with DFU in Jakarta. The aim of this study to analyze MMP9 gene polymorphism associated with DFU patients in Ciptomangunkusumo National General Hospital.Methods. This case control study included 197 patients diagnosed with T2DM with or without DFU as complication at the Ciptomangunkusumo National General Hospital between August 2016 and December 2016. Demography, Clinical, Laboratorium findings, Genotype distribution, Allel distribution, and Analysis Of Matrix Metalloprotein 9 Mmp 9 Gene Polymorphism Associated With Diabetic Foot Ulcer In Tipe 2 Diabetes Collected.Results. There are one hundred and ninty seven patiens with type 2 diabetes mellitus men 49,2 , women 50,8 . Factor that influence and statistically significant are PAD p 0,001 , Rest Pain p 0,001 , Neuropathy p 0,001 , Smoking p 0,001 , Hypertension p 0,001 , Anemia p 0,001 , Leucositosis p 0,001 . According to bivariat study, Found that MMP9 1562C T, Genotype TC have significant differential in statistic, and has protective factor p 0,001 .Conclusion. Alel distribution in DM type 2 Alel C 74,6 , Alel T 25,4 , Alel A 41,4 , Alel G 58,6 . Found in MMP9 1562C T, Genotype TC have significant differential in statistic, and has protective factor p 0,001 ."

"Diabetes mellitus tipe 2 merupakan penyakit dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Indonesia terbukti sebagai negara keenam dengan prevalensi DM tipe 2 terbesar di dunia. Sebagai penyakit multifaktorial, salah satu faktor yang disebutkan berpengaruh dalam kejadian DM tipe 2 adalah aktivitas fisik, yang didefinisikan sebagai pergerakan badan yang diproduksi kontraksi otot rangka yang meningkatkan konsumsi energi di atas level basal. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan aktivitas fisik antara karyawan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia penderita DM tipe 2 dan tanpa DM tipe 2. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan rekam data aktivitas fisik selama 2 hari kerja dan 1 hari libur melalui kuesioner Bouchard dan anamnesis. Hasil pengolahan data menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan bermakna tingkat aktivitas fisik pada subjek DM tipe 2 dan tanpa DM tipe 2 (p = 0,988). Melalui penelitian ini didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa aktivitas fisik tidak menjadi variabel tunggal dalam menyebabkan DM tipe 2.

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Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a disease whose prevalence is increasing every year. Indonesia is considered as the 6th country of highest prevalence of DM type 2. As a multifactorial disease, one of factors that believed to be involved in causing DM type 2 is physical activity, which defined as bodily movement produced by skeletal muscle which increases energy expenditure above basal level. This research aims to know whether there is different physical activity level between DM type 2 and non DM type 2 employees of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia. Collecting data is performed by recording of the physical activity in 2 weekdays and 1 weekend through Bouchard questionnaire and anamnesis. The result of data analysis using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that there was no significant difference of physical activity level of the subjects (p = 0,988). According to this research, physical activity level is not the only contributing factor of DM type 2."