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"Sindrom koroner akut (SKA) berkaitan erat dengan aspek nutrisi. Pencegahan primer dan sekunder dimulai saat diketahui pasien memiliki risiko atau telah mengalami gejala. Permasalahan nutrisi pada SKA dapat menurunkan asupan selama perawatan intensif, terutama pada pasien usia lanjut karena terdapat berbagai komorbid yang dapat menjadi kendala pemberian nutrisi. Risiko malnutrisi selama perawatan di rumah sakit juga dapat terjadi dan akan mempengaruhi luaran klinis. Terapi medik gizi bertujuan mengurangi respons inflamasi, mempertahankan imbang energi dan nitrogen positif, mencegah katabolisme, serta mencegah komplikasi. Serial kasus ini melaporkan empat orang pasien SKA yang dirawat di ruang rawat intensif. Usia pasien antara 51–64 tahun. Status gizi pasien saat admisi berkisar dari berat badan normal hingga obes morbid. Terapi medik gizi yang diberikan menggunakan panduan pada perawatan jantung intensif, sakit kritis, dan panduan lain sesuai kondisi klinis pasien. Pemberian nutrisi ditingkatkan bertahap sesuai kondisi klinis dan toleransi saluran cerna dengan target kebutuhan energi total dan protein tercapai saat persiapan pulang rawat. Mikronutrien yang diberikan adalah vitamin B kompleks dan asam folat. Seluruh pasien pulang dengan perbaikan kondisi klinis. Terapi medik gizi yang adekuat mendukung kesembuhan pasien.

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is closely related to nutritional aspects. Primary and secondary prevention should be started when the patients are known to be at risk or have experienced the symptoms. Patients with ACS have nutritional problems that can reduce intake during intensive care, particularly in elderly patients, because of various comorbidities that can be nutritional challenges. The risk of malnutrition during hospitalized may also occur and will affect clinical outcomes. Medical therapy in nutrition aims to reduce the inflammatory response, maintain energy and positive nitrogen balance, and prevent catabolism and complications. The patients were 51–64 years old. The nutritional status of patients at admission ranges from normal weight to morbid obesity. Medical therapy in nutrition was given using the guidelines for cardiac intensive care, critical illness, and other guidelines according to the patient's clinical condition. Provision of nutrition was gradually increased according to the clinical and gastrointestinal tolerance with the goal of achieving total energy requirements during discharge planning. The micronutrients given were B-complex vitamins and folic acid. All patients discharged with improvements in clinical conditions. Adequate medical therapy in nutrition supports the patients recovery."

"Latar Belakang : Indonesia memiliki angka kematian karena penyakit kardiovaskular yang semakin meningkat, dengan angka kematian diperkirakan sebanyak 17,3 juta kematian. Mengingat tingkat mortalitas yang sangat tinggi pada pasien dengan sindrom koroner akut SKA, maka diperlukan sebuah prediktor Major Adverse Cardiac Event MACE yang objektif dan terukur untuk manajemen pasien SKA dalam jangka panjang. Pada SKA dapat ditemukan heterogenitas repolarisasi ventrikel yang dapat dilihat pada elektrokardiografi EKG sebagai QTmax-QTmin, atau dapat disebut sebagai QTD.QTD disinyalir dapat dijadikan penanda untuk risiko MACE pada pasien SKA. Tujuan : Mengetahui peran dispersi QT dan QTcD sebagai prediktor MACE pada pasien sindrom koroner akut SKA. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan studi kohort retrospektif pada 230 rekam medis pasien SKA yang dirawat di ICCU RSCM dalam rentang waktu Januari 2016 hingga November 2017. EKG standar 12 sadapan saat serangan dianalisis dan dilakukan pengukuran interval QTmax dan QTmin yang kemudian dihitung QTd. Selanjutnya dikoreksi dengan frekuensi nadi menggunakan rumus Bazett QTcD. Hasil : Pemanjangan QTD lebih dari 100mdet dapat menjadi prediktor MACE pada pasien dengan SKA OR 1,25 IK95 0,17 ndash; 2,71 . Setelah dikoreksi dengan frekuensi nadi menggunakan rumus Bazett, pemanjangan QTcD juga dapat menjadi prediktor MACE pada pasien SKA 1,89 IK95 0,05 ndash; 67,37. Kesimpulan : Pemanjangan QTD lebih dari 100mdet atau QTcD lebih dari 12,72mdet dapat menjadi prediktor MACE.

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Background: In Indonesia, the number of death due to cardiovascular disease is rapidly rising and it was approximated to have resulted in 17,3 million deaths. Due to this steadily increasing cases, it is necessary to find a predictor for Major Adverse Cardiac Event MACE that is objective and standardized for long term care of patients with acute coronary syndrome ACS. In ACS, one of the underlying mechanisms is the presence of heterogeneity in ventricle repolarization that is seen on ECG machine as QTmax ndash QTmin, or what is identified as QTD. QTD is hypothesized to have role as marker in patients with MACE in ACS.

Aim: Identify the role of QTD and QTcD as MACE predictor in patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Methods: This study is a retrospective cohort with the subject of 230 ACS patients that was hospitalised on RSCM ICCU among January 2016 to November 2017. Data was taken from medical record and 12 lead ECG during attack were taken and analysed manually to calculate QTmax and QTmin and substraction of both into QTD. Followed by correction using the heart rate with Bazett formula QTcD.

Result: QTD prolongation of more than 100ms in patients with ACS may lead to MACE OR 1,25 IK95 0,17 ndash 2,71 . Following correction with Bazett formula, QTcD prolongation is also predictor 1,89 IK95 0,05 ndash 67,37.

Conclusion: QTD prolongation of more than 100ms or QTcD of more than 12.72ms might lead to MACE "

"Latar belakang:Luka bakar derajat berat merupakan trauma dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Salah satu komplikasi pada luka bakar derajat berat yang sering ditemui adalah gangguan ginjal akut (GGA) dan ketidakseimbangan elektrolit. Hal ini menyebabkan hiperkatabolisme yang berkepanjangan dan berujung pada malnutrisi. Terapi medik gizi yang komprehensif dan holistik diperlukan untuk mencegah bertambahnya progresivitas penyakit dan malnutrisi yang memengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien.Kasus:Pada serial kasus ini terdapat 4 pasien laki-laki, berusia 37-70 tahun dengan diagnosis luka bakar derajat II-III, 24-79% LPT yang disebabkan karena api dan listrik. Status nutrisi pasien bervariasi dari berat badan normal hingga obes 2. Target pemberian nutrisi berdasarkan rekomendasi ESPEN SCCM dan ASPEN untuk pasien kritikal dan luka bakar. Namun, kebutuhan nutrisi disesuaikan dengan kondisi klinis, data laboratorium, dan toleransi asupan harian.Hasil:Selama perawatan, seluruh pasien memiliki riwayat asupan energi total <35 kkal/kgBB dan protein <1,5 g/kgBB Tiga pasien menjalani hemodialisis suportif. Terapi medik gizi diberikan sesuai kondisi klinis pasien dengan target protein 0,8-1 g/kgBB/hari pada GGA tanpa dialiasis dan 1-1,5 g/kgBB/hari dengan dialisis. Terapi nutrisi juga menyesuaikan ketidakseimbangan elektrolit pada pasien. Penurunan berat badan pada keempat kasus <10% selama perawatan. Mikronutrien diberikan untuk penyembuhan luka namun dosis menyesuaikan dengan fungsi ginjal.Kesimpulan:Terapi medik gizi yang adekuat mencegah progresivitas penyakit dan malnutrisi pada pasien luka bakar derajat berat dengan GGA dan ketidakseimbangan elektrolit.

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Background:

Severe burn injury is a trauma with a serious morbidity and mortality. One of the most complication in severe burn injury is acute renal injury (AKI) and electrolyte imbalance. They could cause a prolonged hypercatabolism that susceptible to develop malnutrition. Comprehensive and holistic nutritional medical therapy is needed to prevent development or rapid progression of malnutrition which affects the quality of life of patients.

Methods:

The case series consists of four men, aged 37-70 years with a diagnosis of severe burn injury, degree II-III, 24-79% of TBSA caused by fire and electricity. The nutritional status of patients varies from normal body weight to obese 2. Target of nutrition based on ESPEN SCCM and ASPEN recommendation for critical and burn patients. However, nutritional requirements are adjusted according to clinical conditions and daily intake tolerance.

Results:

All patients had a history of total energy intake <35 kcal/kgs with protein <1.5 g/ kgs. Three of them underwent supportive hemodialysis. Nutritional medical therapy was given according to the clinical condition of each patient with a protein target of 0.8 -1 g/kgs/day in AKI without dialysis and 1-1.5 g/kgs/day on dialysis. Nutritional therapy also adjusts for electrolyte imbalances. Weight loss in all four cases <10% during treatment. Micronutrients are given for wound healing but the dosage adjusts to kidney function.

Conclusions:

Adequate nutritional medical therapy in severe burn injury with AKI and electrolyte imbalance preventing development of rapid progression of malnutrition in critical ill patient."

"Latar Belakang: leukemia limfositik akut LLA merupakan keganasan terbanyak pada anak dengan terapi utama kemoterapi, yang akan memicu respon hormonal dan inflamasi sehingga menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi, di antaranya gangguan pada saluran cerna dan penurunan status nutrisi. Diperlukan intervensi nutrisi agar status nutrisi dapat terjaga dan masa pertumbuhan serta perkembangan anak dapat berjalan optimal. Beberapa rekomendasi tata laksana nutrisi anak dengan leukemia yang menjalani kemoterapi telah dipublikasikan, namun belum semua rekomendasi tersebut dapat diterapkan karena keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana, sehingga diperlukan modifikasi agar tata laksana menjadi optimal. Metode: serial kasus ini membahas empat pasien LLA anak yang menjalani kemoterapi dengan berbagai komplikasi terkait nutrisi. Identifikasi pasien berisiko malnutrisi dilakukan dengan melaksanakan skrining nutrisi pada saat pasien masuk perawatan. Tata laksana nutrisi diberikan secara bertahap sesuai kondisi pasien, dengan target pemenuhan energi sesuai BB ideal berdasarkan tinggi badan yang dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan Schofield. Pemenuhan protein diberikan minimal sebesar 1,5 g/kg BB/hari, dengan target maksimal 3 g/kg BB ideal, karbohidrat 40 - 60 , dan lemak 10 - 30. Mikronutrien diberikan sesuai dengan angka kecukupan gizi, berupa multivitamin dan mineral. Edukasi nutrisi diberikan terhadap pasien dan keluarga saat pasien diperbolehkan pulang. Hasil: dua orang pasien dalam serial kasus ini mengalami malnutrisi sedang saat dilakukan skrining nutrisi, dan seorang pasien yang menjalani kemoterapi fase konsolidasi mengalami penurunan BB yang diakibatkan komplikasi saat pemberian kemoterapi. Lama rawat pasien berkisar 8 - 14 hari, keempat pasien pulang dalam kondisi baik. Kesimpulan: tata laksana nutrisi yang optimal dapat menurunkan risiko komplikasi terkait nutrisi pasien LLA anak yang menjalani kemoterapi.

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Background acute lymphocytic leukemia ALL is the highest malignancy in children with primary therapy of chemotherapy, which would trigger a hormonal response and inflammation that cause a variety of complications, including disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and decreased nutritional status. Nutritional intervention is needed so that the nutritional status can be maintained and the period of growth and development of children can run optimally. Some child nutritional care recommendations with leukemia who undergo chemotherapy have been published, but not all of these recommendations can be implemented due to limited facilities and infrastructure.

Method this case series discusses four children ALL patients undergoing chemotherapy with various nutrition related complications. Identification of patients at risk of malnutrition was conducted through nutritional screening on admission. Nutritional managements given in stages according to the condition of the patient, with the fulfillment target of energy corresponding ideal body weight based on height were calculated using the equation Schofield. Fulfillment of the protein is given at least equal to 1.5 g kg BW day, with a maximum target of 3 g kg ideal body weight, 40 - 60 carbohydrate and 10 - 30 fat. Micronutrients given in accordance with the Dietary Allowances, in the form of multivitamins and minerals. Nutrition education given to patients and families when the patient is allowed to go home.

Results two malnutrition patients are being currently conducted nutritional screening, and a patient who underwent consolidation phase chemotherapy experienced a weight loss caused complications during chemotherapy. Hospitalized patients ranges from 8 - 14 days, four patients go home in good condition.

Conclusions optimal nutritional care can reduce the risk of complications related to nutrition child ALL patients undergoing chemotherapy."

"Self-care merupakan bagian penting dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas hidup pada pasien sindrom koroner akut yang telah menjalanai intervensi koroner perkutan. Self-care adalah pengambilan keputusan secara natural oleh individu dalam berperilaku untuk mempertahankan kestabilan fisiologis tubuhnya dan sebagai respon terhadap tanda dan gejala yang terjadi pada diri individu. Keadekuatan individu dalam melakukan self-care dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor internal maupun eksternal dari individu. Identifikasi faktor tersebut menjadi bagian penting untuk memberikan asuhan keperawatan mengenai self-care yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan dari karakteristik responden: usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pekerjaan, penghasilan, pengetahuan, dukungan keluarga, kecemasan, depresi dan literasi kesehatan pasien sindrom koroner akut yang telah menjalani intervensi koroner perkutan meliputi: usia, jenis kelamin, terhadap self-care. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional survey pada 121 responden yang diambil dengan tehnik consecutive sampling di Poliklinik Jantung. Penelitian menggunakan kuesioner SC-CHDI (self-care coronary heart disease invantory) dalam mengukur self-care responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukan usia (p=0,273), pendidikan (p=0,004), dukungan keluarga (p=0,009), kecemasan (0,015), depresi (p=0,000), pengetahuan (p=0,003) dan literasi kesehatan (p=0,005) berhubungan dengan self-care individu secara signifikan. Responden yang bekerja dan tidak mengalami depresi memiliki self-care yang lebih adekuat

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Self-care is an important part in efforts to improve the quality of life in acute coronary syndrome patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention. Self-care is a natural decision making by individuals in behaving to maintain the physiological stability of their bodies and in response to signs and symptoms that occur in individuals. Individual adequacy in performing self-care can be influenced by various internal and external factors of the individual. Identification of these factors is an important part of providing nursing care regarding effective self-care. This study aims to identify the relationship of respondent characteristics: age, gender, education, occupation, income, knowledge, family support, anxiety, depression and health literacy of acute coronary syndrome patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention including: age, gender, to self-care. The research design used a cross sectional survey on 121 respondents who were taken with consecutive sampling technique at the Cardiac Polyclinic. The study used the SC-CHDI (self-care coronary heart disease invantory) questionnaire in measuring respondents' self-care. The results showed age (p = 0.273), education (p = 0.004), family support (p = 0.009), anxiety (0.015), depression (p = 0.000), knowledge (p = 0.003) and health literacy (p = 0.005 ) was significantly associated with individual self-care. Respondents who work and do not experience depression have more adequate self-care"

"Latar belakangJumlah pasien obesitas yang dirawat di unit perawatan intensif semakin meningkat. Pasien obesitas dalam kondisi sakit kritis berisiko mengalami acute kidney injury (AKI). Belum ada panduan pemberian energi dan protein yang optimal bagi pasien obesitas sakit kritis dengan AKI. Asupan energi dan protein yang tidak adekuat akan memperberat risiko malnutrisi dan sarkopenia sehingga meningkatkan komplikasi, lama rawat, dan mortalitas. Terapi medik gizi yang komprehensif diperlukan untuk mencegah progresivitas penyakit dan penurunan status gizi yang memengaruhi luaran klinis pasien.Kasus:Pasien pada serial kasus ini adalah tiga orang laki-laki dan satu orang perempuan, berusia 58-64 tahun dengan status gizi obesitas, mengalami sakit kritis, dan menderita AKI saat perawatan. Seluruh pasien mendapatkan terapi medik gizi sejak sakit kritis fase akut. Preskripsi energi berdasarkan rule of thumb sedangkan protein berdasarkan nilai imbang nitrogen. Pemberian nutrisi disesuaikan dengan kondisi klinis, hemodinamik, dan toleransi asupan pasien.Hasil:Selama perawatan, asupan energi pasien dapat mencapai 30 kkal/kgBB dengan protein 1-1,3 g/kgBB. Dua pasien mengalami imbang nitrogen negatif hingga akhir perawatan karena asupan protein tidak adekuat dan kondisi hiperkatabolisme berat. Dua pasien dengan asupan protein yang cukup (1,1–1,2 g/kgBB) memiliki imbang nitrogen yang normal. Tiga pasien mengalami komplikasi sepsis dan satu pasien menderita ulkus dekubitus. Satu pasien mengalami malnutrisi dan sarkopenia saat perawatan sakit kritis. Dua pasien dengan imbang nitrogen seimbang dapat melewati fase kritis dan pindah ke ruang rawat biasa. Dua pasien dengan imbang nitrogen negatif meninggal dunia saat perawatan di ICU.Kesimpulan:Terapi medik gizi dan pemberian protein yang adekuat pada pasien obes sakit kritis dengan AKI dapat memperbaiki kondisi klinis, meningkatkan kesintasan, dan menurunkan mortalitas.

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Background

The prevalence of obesity has increased and is reflected in the intensive care unit (ICU) population. Critically ill obese patients are at risk for acute kidney injury (AKI). There are no guidelines for optimal energy and protein delivery for critically ill obese patients with AKI. Inadequate energy and protein intake will exacerbate malnutrition and sarcopenia, thereby increasing complications, length of stay, and mortality. Comprehensive nutritional medical therapy is needed to prevent disease progression and derivation of nutritional status that affects the clinical outcome.

Case

The patients were three men and one woman, aged 58-64 years with obesity, critically ill, and AKI.

All patients received medical nutrition therapy since the acute phase of critical illness.

Energy prescription is based on the rule of thumb while protein is based on the nitrogen balance.

Nutritional administration is adjusted to the clinical condition, hemodynamic, and patient's tolerance.

Result

During treatment, the patient's energy intake reach 30 kcal/kgBW with protein of 1-1,3 g/kgBW.

Two patients experienced negative nitrogen balance at the end of treatment due to inadequate protein intake and severe hypercatabolism.

Two patients with adequate protein intake (1.1–1.2 g/kgBW) had normal nitrogen balance.

Three patients had complications of sepsis and one patient had a pressure ulcer. One patient developed malnutrition and sarcopenia during treatment.

Two patients with a normal nitrogen balance were able to pass the critical phase and step down to the ward.

Two patients with negative nitrogen balance died during intensive care treatment.

Conclusion

Medical nutrition therapy and adequate protein intake in critically ill obese patients with AKI can improve clinical conditions,increase survival, and reduce mortality."

"Kecemasan merupakan masalah psikologis yang sering muncul pada penyakit jantung terutama pada pasien dengan sindrom koroner akut. Fokus intervensi pada pasien dengan SKA seharusnya tidak hanya pada pengobatan atau mengatasi gangguan fisik saja akan tetapi harus mempertimbangkan juga aspek psikologisnya. Salah satu penanganannya dengan menggunakan terapi murotal Al-Quran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh intervensi terapi murotal Al-Quran terhadap kecemasan pada pasien dengan SKA. Desain penelitian menggunakan quasy experiment pre-post test dengan grup kontrol. eknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara consecutive sampling yang terdiri dari 15 responden sebagai kelompok intervensi dan 15 responden sebagai kelompok kontrol. Terapi murotal Al-Quran diberikan dengan durasi selama 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan rata-rata skor kecemasan yang signifikan setelah mendapat terapi murotal Al-Quran antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Perbedaan rata-rata kecemasan pada kelompok intervensi lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulannya, terapi murotal Al-Quran secara signifikan dapat menurunkan kecemasan pada pasien dengan SKA. Disarankan agar terapi murotal Al-Quran diterapkan sebagai bagian dari intervensi keperawatan dalam menangani pasien SKA yang mengalami kecemasan.

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Anxiety is a psychological problem that often appears in cardiac disease, specially in patient with acute coronary syndrome. Intervention focus on patients with ACS should not only on treatment of or overcoming physical disorder, but should also consider the psychological aspect. One of the treatment is using Murotal Al-Quran therapy.

The aim of this research is to identify the influence of intervention of murotal Al-Quran therapy on the anxiety of patient with ACS. The research used a quasy experiment pre-post test with control group. The sample was collected using a consecutive sampling, fifteen respondents was assigned for the intervention group and fifteen respondents was assigned for the control group. A therapy of murotal Al-Quran was implemented for 30 minutes.

The result showed that there is a significant difference in average score of anxiety after having the murotal Al-Quran therapy between the intervention group and the control group. The difference in average score of anxiety on the intervention group is higher than the control group. The conclusion, murotal Al-Quran therapy is significantly decrease the anxiety of patients with ACS. It is suggested that murotal Al-Quran therapy is implemented as part of nursing intervention in taking care of patient with ACS who experience anxiety."

"Latar belakang: Sindrom koroner akut SKA merupakan penyebab utama peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas di seluruh dunia. Mortalitas SKA dari berbagai studi di luar negeri diketahui berhubungan dengan kadar kalium serum saat admisi. Penelitian mengenai hubungan kadar kalium serum dengan mortalitas pada SKA masih perlu dilakukan karena adanya kemajuan dalam terapi kardiovaskular yang cukup pesat terutama pada era PCI saat ini dan adanya hasil yang bertolakbelakang antara studi terbaru dengan panduan yang ada. Tujuan: Menilai hubungan antara kadar kalium serum saat admisi dengan mortalitas selama perawatan pasien SKA in-hospital mortality. Metode: Data kadar kalium dan kematian diperoleh dari rekam medis dengan desain studi kohort retrospektif terhadap 673 pasien SKA yang dirawat dengan sindrom koroner akut di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Keluaran utama yang diamati berupa mortalitas selama perawatan. Analisis bivariat dengan Pearson Chi-square dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik dilakukan untuk menentukan hubungan antara kadar kalium serum abnormal dengan kematian pada sindrom koroner akut. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Subjek yang datang dengan kadar kalium serum yang abnormal K < 3,50 mEq/L atau > 5,0 mEq/L saat admisi sebesar 24,22 163 pasien , sedangkan grup dengan kalium normal sebesar 510 subjek 75,78. Dari analisis regresi logistik, setelah adjustment terhadap faktor perancu eGFR, didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar kalium serum abnormal saat admisi dengan mortalitas selama perawatan dengan nilai p = 0,04 adjusted RR 2,184; 95 CI: 1,037-4,601. Terjadi peningkatan risiko mortalitas pada subjek dengan kadar serum kalium 4,0-

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Background: Acute coronary syndrome ACS is the leading cause of increased morbidity and mortality across the globe. This mortality was known to be associated to the serum potassium level on admission. More studies are still needed due to rapid advancement in cardiovascular medicine especially in the era of interventional cardiology and also the conflicting results that exist between recent studies and established guidelines.

Aims: To determine association between serum potassium levels on admission of subjects with acute coronary syndrome and in-hospital mortality.

Methods: Included in the study were 673 acute coronary syndrome patients hospitalised in Indonesian National Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The outcome of the study was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Logistic regression models adjusted for risk factors, hospital treatment, and co-morbidities were constructed.

Results: Total of 163 patients 24,22 with abnormal serum potassium K < 3,50 mEq/L or > 5,0 mEq/L and 510 subjects with normal serum potassium 75.78. Logistic regression analysis after adjustment of the confounder eGFR shows significant association between serum potassium level on admission and in-hospital mortality with p value of 0,04 adjusted RR 2.184; 95 CI: 1.037-4.601. The risk of dying for patients with serum potassium of 4.0-."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Hiperglikemia admisi sebagai prediktor MACE pada SKA telah banyak diteliti, namun belum ada yang memperhatikan kesintasannya. Indonesia (ICCU RSCM khususnya), belum memiliki data epidemiologis mengenai hiperglikemia admisi pada SKA maupun pengaruhnya terhadap MACE dan kesintasannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan agar menjadi landasan untuk stratifikasi risiko selama perawatan. Tujuan: Mengkaji hiperglikemia admisi sebagai prediktor MACE dan mengetahui kesintasan terhadap MACE pada berbagai kelompok hiperglikemia admisi pada SKA selama perawatan. Metode: Kohort retrospektif dengan pendekatan analisis kesintasan terhadap 442 pasien SKA yang dirawat di ICCU RSCM Januari 2008-Mei 2012, terbagi 3 kelompok berdasarkan gula darah admisi (GD ≤140mg/dl, 141-200mg/dL, >200mg/dL). Kurva Kaplan Meier digunakan untuk mengetahui kesintasan masing-masing kelompok. Analisis bivariat mengunakan uji log-rank, analisis multivariat menggunakan cox proportional hazard regression. Besarnya hubungan variabel hiperglikemia admisi dengan MACE dinyatakan dengan crude HR dan IK 95% serta adjusted HR dan IK 95% setelah memasukkan variabel perancu. Hasil dan pembahasan: 63 (14,25%) pasien mengalami MACE dengan kesintasan rata-rata 6,373 hari; SE 0,076 dan IK 95% 6,225-6,522. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara hiperglikemia admisi dengan kesintasan MACE (p<0,001). MACE tercepat terjadi berturut-turut pada GD admisi >200mg/dL, 141-200mg/dL, dan ≤140mg/dL dengan rata-rata kejadian secara berturut-turut pada hari perawatan ke-5,989; 6,078; 6,632. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan hiperglikemia admisi merupakan prediktor independen MACE selama perawatan (Adjusted HR 2,422; IK 95% 1,049-5,588 untuk GD admisi 141-200mg/dL dan Adjusted HR 3,598; IK 95% 1,038-12,467 untuk GD admisi >200mg/dL). Simpulan: Kesintasan MACE pada pasien SKA selama 7 hari perawatan di ICCU RSCM adalah 85,7%, dan terdapat perbedaan kesintasan antara berbagai kelompok hiperglikemia admisi terhadap terjadinya MACE. Semakin tinggi kadar gula darah, semakin buruk kesintasannya (semakin tinggi risiko dan semakin cepat pula terjadi MACE)

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ABSTRACTBackground: Hyperglycemia on admission as a predictor for MACE in ACS has been studied for several circumstances, but none had seen it’s importance for survival. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital’s ICCU, had not have any epidemiological data about hyperglycemia on admission in ACS nor it’s influence to MACE and survival. This study was conducted to provide a platform for risk stratification during hospitalisation Aim: To evaluate hyperglycemia on admission as a predictor for MACE and, to describe survival according to hyperglycemia on admission status in patients with ACS. Methods: Retrospective cohort design and survival analysis was used to 442 ACS patients hospitalised at Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital’s ICCU between Januari 2008 and May 2012 that divided into 3 groups according to admission BG (≤140 mg/dL, 141-200 mg/dL and >200 mg/dL). Kaplan Meier curve utilised to evaluate the survival of each group. Bivariate analysis was conducted using Log-rank tes. Multivariate analysis was conducted using Cox proportional hazzard regression. The extend of relation between admission hyperglycemia and MACE was expressed with crude HR with 95% CI and adjusted HR with 95% CI after adjusting for confounders. Results and discussion: MACE was found to happen to 63 (14.25%) patients with average survival of 6.373 days, SE 0.076 and 95% CI 6.225-6.522. Bivariate analysis found statistically significant relation hyperglycemia on between admission and MACE survival (p<0.001). MACE was significantly earlier in admission BG of >200 mg/dL, 141-200 mg/dL and ≤140 mg/dL respectively, with mean hospitalisation day at 5.989, 6.078 and 6.632 in that order. Multivariate analysis shown that hyperglycemia on admission was an independent predictor for MACE during hospitalisation (Adjusted HR 2.422; 95% CI 1.049-5.588 for BG 141-200 mg/dL and Adjusted HR 3.598; 95% CI 1.038-12.467 for BG >200 mg/dL). Conclusion: Survival of MACE in ACS patient during 7 days hospitalisation in ICCU RSCM is 85,7%, and there was a survival difference between different admission hyperglycemia groups. The higher the blood glucose level, signify a worse survival and also faster and higher risk for MACE."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Kematian pada Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) terutama akibat tindakan revaskularisasi yang tertunda atau lesi koroner kompleks yang biasanyalebih buruk pada populasi pasien PGK. Skor Modified ACEF merupakan sebuahperangkat yang memiliki peran penting dalam prognosis mortalitas PJK. SkormACEF belum pernah digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kompleksitas lesi koroner.Informasi tersebut berguna dalam menentukan prioritas tindakan angiografikoroner. Tujuan: Mendapatkan nilai diagnostik dan titik potong skor mACEF sebagaiprediktor kompleksitas lesi koroner pada pasien PGK stadium 3 dan 4 yangmengalami sindrom koroner akut (SKA). Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji diagnostik secara retrospektif terhadap 179subjek PGK stadium 3 dan 4 yang mengalami SKA yang dirawat di ICCU RSCMtahun 2012 hingga 2014. Analisis titik potong skor mACEF dilakukan denganmenggunakan Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves dengan intervalkepercayaan (IK) sebesar 95%. Akurasi diagnostik skor mACEF dinilai dengancara menghitung sensitivitas, spesifisitas, RKP, dan RKN. Hasil: Titik potong skor mACEF yang optimal adalah 2,288 dengan sensitivitas90,9%, spesifisitas 63,7%, RKP 2,5, RKN 0,14 dan prevalens 55,3%. Kesimpulan: Titik potong yang optimal skor mACEF pada populasi pasien PGKstadium 3 dan 4 yang mengalami SKA adalah 2,288. Akurasi diagnostik skor mACEF dinilai baik.ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death mainlydue to delayed revascularization or complex coronary lesions which are usuallyworse in CKD patients. Modified ACEF (mACEF) score is well established indetermining cardiovascular mortality of patients undergoing revascularizationtherapy and has never been used to evaluate the complexity of coronary lesionsbefore. mACEF score?s potential as a diagnostic tool needs to be evaluated to helpstratify patients eligible for coronary angiography. Aim: To evaluate mACEF score?s diagnostic value and cut-off point as apredictor of coronary lesion complexity in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 withACS. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test conducted retrospectively involving 179subjects with CKD stages 3 and 4 with ACS admitted to ICCU RSCM from 2012to 2014. Cut-off analysis was performed using ROC curve with confidenceintervals (CI) of 95% and diagnostic accuracy of mACEF was analyzed togenerate sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR-. Result: The optimal cut-off point for mACEF score was 2,288 with sensitivity of90,9%, specificity 63,7%, LR+ 2,5, LR- 0,14, and prevalence of 55,3%. Conclusion: mACEF score has a good diagnostic accuracy in subjects with CKD stage 3 and 4 with ACS with optimal cut-off point of 2,288, respectively.;Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death mainlydue to delayed revascularization or complex coronary lesions which are usuallyworse in CKD patients. Modified ACEF (mACEF) score is well established indetermining cardiovascular mortality of patients undergoing revascularizationtherapy and has never been used to evaluate the complexity of coronary lesionsbefore. mACEF score?s potential as a diagnostic tool needs to be evaluated to helpstratify patients eligible for coronary angiography. Aim: To evaluate mACEF score?s diagnostic value and cut-off point as apredictor of coronary lesion complexity in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 withACS. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test conducted retrospectively involving 179subjects with CKD stages 3 and 4 with ACS admitted to ICCU RSCM from 2012to 2014. Cut-off analysis was performed using ROC curve with confidenceintervals (CI) of 95% and diagnostic accuracy of mACEF was analyzed togenerate sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR-. Result: The optimal cut-off point for mACEF score was 2,288 with sensitivity of90,9%, specificity 63,7%, LR+ 2,5, LR- 0,14, and prevalence of 55,3%. Conclusion: mACEF score has a good diagnostic accuracy in subjects with CKD stage 3 and 4 with ACS with optimal cut-off point of 2,288, respectively.;Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death mainlydue to delayed revascularization or complex coronary lesions which are usuallyworse in CKD patients. Modified ACEF (mACEF) score is well established indetermining cardiovascular mortality of patients undergoing revascularizationtherapy and has never been used to evaluate the complexity of coronary lesionsbefore. mACEF score?s potential as a diagnostic tool needs to be evaluated to helpstratify patients eligible for coronary angiography. Aim: To evaluate mACEF score?s diagnostic value and cut-off point as apredictor of coronary lesion complexity in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 withACS. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test conducted retrospectively involving 179subjects with CKD stages 3 and 4 with ACS admitted to ICCU RSCM from 2012to 2014. Cut-off analysis was performed using ROC curve with confidenceintervals (CI) of 95% and diagnostic accuracy of mACEF was analyzed togenerate sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR-. Result: The optimal cut-off point for mACEF score was 2,288 with sensitivity of90,9%, specificity 63,7%, LR+ 2,5, LR- 0,14, and prevalence of 55,3%. Conclusion: mACEF score has a good diagnostic accuracy in subjects with CKD stage 3 and 4 with ACS with optimal cut-off point of 2,288, respectively.;Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death mainlydue to delayed revascularization or complex coronary lesions which are usuallyworse in CKD patients. Modified ACEF (mACEF) score is well established indetermining cardiovascular mortality of patients undergoing revascularizationtherapy and has never been used to evaluate the complexity of coronary lesionsbefore. mACEF score?s potential as a diagnostic tool needs to be evaluated to helpstratify patients eligible for coronary angiography. Aim: To evaluate mACEF score?s diagnostic value and cut-off point as apredictor of coronary lesion complexity in patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 withACS. Methods: This study is a diagnostic test conducted retrospectively involving 179subjects with CKD stages 3 and 4 with ACS admitted to ICCU RSCM from 2012to 2014. Cut-off analysis was performed using ROC curve with confidenceintervals (CI) of 95% and diagnostic accuracy of mACEF was analyzed togenerate sensitivity, specificity, LR+, and LR-. Result: The optimal cut-off point for mACEF score was 2,288 with sensitivity of90,9%, specificity 63,7%, LR+ 2,5, LR- 0,14, and prevalence of 55,3%. Conclusion: mACEF score has a good diagnostic accuracy in subjects with CKD stage 3 and 4 with ACS with optimal cut-off point of 2,288, respectively."