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"ABSTRACTFishing activities currently require good management, in order to meet the protein needs of the community. Knowledge on the distribution pattern of fishes related to the condition of marine waters is one way of good management efforts. Several oceanographic parameters that can affect the distribution of fishes are SST (Sea Surface Temperature), chlorophyll a, salinity, and others. Each type offish has different optimal level of particular oceanographic parameters. The distribution of oceanographic parameters are effected by West monsoon, East monsoon and the season inbetween. Therefore, by studying oceanographic parameters on a regular basis, we can determine the fishing areas."

"ABSTRACTMECHANISM OF GENETIC DISORDER AND MUTATION ON BIVALVES INFLUENCED BY LEAD. Bivalves have a feeding mechanism of suspension-feeder or deposit-feeder or both, making bivalves consume the material contained in either beneficial or toxic water. Bivalve can survive even with the condition of polluted waters, including the concentration of heavy metals that exceed a specified threshold. Lead is one type of harmful pollutants originating from anthropogenic activities and contaminated marine waters. The purpose of this paper is to provide knowledge about the process or mechanism of bivalves to defend itself against lead, which can be found in their environment, especially genetic disorders and mutations that may be experienced by marine bivalves as a result of exposure to lead."

"ABSTRACTBuoy system could be used to obtain time series data on various meteorological and oceanographic parameters that are useful for developmental project in coastal and oceans, and climate prediction. Buoy development is to build a telemetry system to obtain valid data and can be reproduced so it can be used any time and have a high accuracy. Good data is data that has continuity as time series data. The need of real time data is not only for the climate monitoring and forecasts but also knowledge of climate phenomenon like El Nino and La Nina. The sensors mounted on surface buoys: wind sensors, humidity, pressure, shortwave radiation, and rain gauges."

"Fishes are an economical and healthy source of protein for the majority of the world community. However the concentration of mercury in fish due to anthropogenic emissions pose health risks to humans. The concentration of organic mercury (methylmercury) dominates 80-90 persen total mercury concentrations in fish flesh. The Accumulation of mercury increases with the rise of water temperature, organism age, time of exposure, and the concentration of protein- bound mercury. The decline in salinity or hardness, pH, organic matter content, and the presence of Zn, Cd, or Se in solution will also increases the accumulation of mercury. The rate of accumulation of methylmercury in fish affects the toxicity, in which a low rate of accumulation associates with a higher tolerance. "

"Napoleon fish (Cheilinus undulatus) is one of wrasses that has a high value in the worlds market. This paper present the existence of Napoleon fish of Maratua Island, East Borneo as one of its habitat in Indonesia and current records influencing the social-economic conditions there. The existence of Napoleon fish were detected by GPS (Global Positioning System) using Density Survey Method at six station of three different island i.e. Maratua, Kakaban, and Atol of Karang Muaras. During the observation, four Napoleon fish were found successfully in the northern coastal area of Kakaban Island. Unsustainable fishing activities such as using the potassium cyanide, fish bomb, and illegal fishing suggested as reasons of dramatic declining in the fishery production"

"The japanese threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus is one of demersal fishes of the Family Nemipteridae which has high economy value and commonly caught by bottom trawl. The distribution is widespread throughout the Indian Ocean and West Pacific. This species is commonly found in coastal waters, on muddy or sandy bottoms from 5 to 80 meters depth. Special characteristics of N. japonicus are having 11-12 pale golden-yellow stripes along the body from behind of the head to the base of caudal fin, a prominent red-suffused yellow blotch origin of lateral line and a yellow fillament on caudal fin. This species is carnivorous and has external reproductive system. The diet consists mainly of small fishes, molluscas, crustaceans (mainly crab or shrimp), polychaetes and enchinoderms."

"Coral reef bleacing is a phenomenon of fading due to a variety of stress, both natural and human impact. These circumstance leads to the degeneration and loss of zooxanthellae in coral tissue The phenomenon of coral bleaching can be occurerd locally and globally. Based on the historical record, the largest coral bleching occurred in 1997-1998. Contributing factors to the coral bleaching are extreme temperature changes, metals, other pollutants (nitrates), slow water movement, light intensity and salinity. Zooxantellae (algae symbiont) is much more affected in the certain conditions, especially in the photosynthesis process. Defensive mechanisms against the pressure on zooxantellae can be defined as Npq, fluorescent pigments, oxidation enzymes and genetic variation. Changing in reproductive patterns, species composition and community structure can be happened after bleaching phenomenon. In the future, monitoring of Seawater Surface Temperature (SST), research on the types of stress and tolerant mechanisms of algae symbiont, including pigments, proteins, enzymes oxidation, genetics in both laboratory and field are needed. "