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"Penelitian ini terfokus pada hubungan tingkat keseimbangan kontrol yang dibagi menjadi dua yaitu defisit kontrol dan surplus kontrol dengan kekerasan pasangan intim pada perempuan yang menikah dini, di mana angka pernikahan dini di negara berkembang sendiri masih tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan sampel 70 responden perempuan yang menikah dini di desa X ditambah dengan data wawancara mendalam dengan 2 responden perempuan yang menikah dini. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan tabulasi silang menunjukkan bahwa semakin rendah tingkat keseimbangan kontrol maka semakin tinggi tingkat kekerasan terhadap pasangan intim, kemudian hasil uji jalur menunjukkan tingkat defisit kontrol dan surplus kontrol berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kekerasan terhadap pasangan intim, meskipun pada uji korelasi dan uji chi square tidak ditemukan adanya pengaruh tingkat keseimbangan kontrol terhadap tingkat kekerasan pasangan intim.

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This research focuses on the relation of control balance, divided into two deficit control and surplus control, as an indicator of intimate partner violence causes happening to women in young marriages, in which the number of young marriages in developed country is also still high. This research employs quantitative method using sample of 70 young marriage women respondents from X Village coupled with intensive interview data with 2 respondents of women in young marriages.

Result acquired using cross tabulation method shows that the lower the control balance is within a marriage, the higher the probability of intimate partner violence gets, and this result shows that deficit control and surplus control have significant impact towards domestic violence against intimate partner, although on the correlation test and chi square test, no correlation is found between control balance level and domestic violence against intimate partner occurence."

"HIV/AIDS merupakan sebuah permasalahan global yang tidak hanya dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan kesehatan, namun juga harus mengikutsertakan pendekatan sosial, politik, ekonomi, dan kebudayaan. Sejak pertama kali dilaporkan di Indonesia pada tahun 1987, epidemi HIV di Indonesia telah mengalami feminisasi sehingga kini lebih banyak menyerang kelompok perempuan menikah dan ibu rumah tangga. Menurut Teori Dominasi Sosial (TDS), penindasan, diskriminasi, dan kekerasan bergender merupakan salah satu wujud sistem hierarki sosial berbasis kelompok. Dengan kecenderungan positif untuk memastikan kedalalaman pemahaman teori ini, maka keseluruhan proses pembentukan, pemeliharaaan, dan reproduksi nilai-nilai yang ada dapat dijelaskan sehingga pada akhirnya memberikan pencerahan tentang kerentanan perempuan menikah akan transmisi HIV pasangan intim dan kekerasan pasangan intim yang selain merupakan penindasan bergender juga turut meningkatkan kerentanan perempuan akan transmisi HIV dan perkembangannya menuju AIDS.

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HIV/AIDS is a global issue that cannot be overcome by using medical approaches alone, but it also needs an integrated social, political, economic, and cultural approaches. Since first reported in Indonesia in 1987, the epidemic in Indonesia has been experiencing a feminization that the disease is currently more common amongst married women and housewives. According to the Social Dominance Theory (SDT), oppression, discrimination, and gender-based violence are some of the manifestations of group-based social hierarchy. With the positive intention to ensure a thorough understanding on the theory, the whole process of formation, maintenance, and reproduction of the existing values can be explained thus eventually shed light on the vulnerability of married woman towards intimate partner HIV transmission and intimate partner violence which besides a form of gender-based oppression, also helped increase women’s vulnerability towards HIV transmission and its progression towards AIDS. "

"Tujuan penelitian ini ingin mengetahui pengaruh pengalaman kekerasan pada masa kecil perempuan maupun pasangan terhadap terjadinya kekerasan oleh pasangan terhadap perempuan. Penelitian menggunakan data SPHPN 2016 dengan metode analisis regresi logistik biner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peluang lebih tinggi untuk mengalami kekerasan oleh pasangan berasosiasi dengan pengalaman kekerasan masa kecil perempuan maupun pasangan. Pasangan yang minum minuman keras dan berkelahi dengan lelaki lain, terjadinya pertengkaran, serta kemandirian ekonomi perempuan berpengaruh positif terhadap kejadian kekerasan oleh pasangan. Adanya dukungan keluarga mengurangi risiko terpapar kekerasan oleh pasangan. Perbedaan usia antara perempuan dengan pasangan tidak signifikan berpengaruh pada kejadian kekerasan.

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The objective of this study was to determine the associations of intimate partner violence (IPV) with childhood violence experience. This study used SPHPN 2016 data with the method of analysis binary logistic regression. The results indicate childhood violence experience was significantly associated with all types of IPV. Women with a partner who drinks alcohol, fight with other men, quarrelling between women and partners, and women who have economic independence were more likely to experience IPV. Women with family support were less likely to experience IPV. Meanwhile, the age differences between women and partners did not significantly influence IPV."

"Perempuan yang menjadi penyintas kekerasan dalam pacaran (KDP) yang dipaksa melakukan aborsi tidak aman oleh pasangan atau mantan pasangannya mengalami berbagai lapisan viktimisasi dalam hidupnya atau viktimisasi berlapis. KDP, kekerasan reproduksi, kehamilan tidak diinginkan (KTD), dan pemaksaan aborsi sebagai lapisan viktimisasi dalam ranah domestik. Lapisan viktimisasi selanjutnya yaitu viktimisasi dalam ranah lingkungan sekitar (stigma, diskriminasi, victim blaming) atas KDP dan KTD (di luar nikah) terhadap penyintas perempuan. Penelitian ini menjabarkan mengenai pengalaman viktimisasi berlapis 3 (tiga) perempuan penyintas KDP yang dipaksa aborsi secara tidak aman dengan metode kualitatif feminist narrative analysis. Dengan teori feminis radikal dan perspektif viktimologi feminis, dapat membantu menganalisis pengalaman viktimisasi berlapis penyintas perempuan. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa sistem patriarki merupakan akar dari terjadinya viktimisasi berlapis terhadap perempuan penyintas KDP yang dipaksa aborsi oleh pasangan/mantan pasangan. Salah satu lapisan viktimisasi yaitu kekerasan domestik merupakan bentuk dari kekerasan berbasis gender (KBG) yang melanggengkan subordinasi terhadap perempuan. Meskipun perempuan ter-opresi atas viktimisasi yang dialami, perempuan tetap melakukan perlawanan (resistensi) sebagai bentuk penolakan dominasi laki-laki.

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Women who become survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) are coerced into unsafe abortions by their partners or ex-partners experience various layers of victimization in their lives, known as multiple victimization. IPV, reproductive violence, unwanted pregnancy (UP), and forced abortion constitute layers of victimization within the domestic realm. Another layer of victimization involves the surrounding environment (stigma, discrimination, victim blaming) towards survivors of IPV and UP (outside of marriage). This research outlines the experiences of three women survivors of IPV who were forced into unsafe abortions using qualitative feminist narrative analysis. Employing radical feminist theory and a feminist victimology perspective helps analyze the layered victimization experiences of women survivors. The findings of this study reveal that the patriarchal system is the root cause of layered victimization against women survivors of IPV who are forced into abortion by their partners/ex-partners. One layer of victimization, domestic violence, is a form of gender-based violence (GBV) that perpetuates the subordination of women. Despite being oppressed by the victimization they experience, women continue to resist as a form of rejecting male dominance."

"Usia Pertama menikah yang dilakukan wanita di Kabupaten Bekasi 51,3 % dibawah usia 20 tahun. Ini merupakan salah satu penyebab terjadinya Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT). Dari penelitian ini, wanita yang menikah dibawah usia 20 tahun mengalami KDRT selama menikah sebanyak 115 (73,9%). Terdapat hubungan antara responden yang melakukan pernikahan dibawah usia 20 tahun dengan KDRT. Wanita yang melakukan pernikahan di bawah usia 20 tahun berisiko 2 kali mengalami KDRT. Faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan KDRT yaitu Pendidikan suami rendah, Penghasilan rendah, Pengambil keputusan, pemilihan pasangan, suami pengguna alkohol, konflik orang tua dan riwayat suami dengan perilaku kekerasan fisik.

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First age married women do in Bekasi 51.3% under the age of 20 years. This is one of the causes of domestic violence. From this study, women who were married under the age of 20 years experience domestic violence during the marriage as much as 115 (73,9%). There is a relationship between the respondents who do marriage under the age of 20 years with domestic violence. Women who perform marriages under the age of 20 years has twice the risk of experiencing domestic violence. Other factors associated with domestic violence are husbands low education, low income, decision makers, mate choice, husband alcohol users, parents conflict and husband with a history of physically violent behavior."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Penduduk dengan gangguan jiwa berat diketahui berisiko melakukan kejahatankekerasan yang lebih tinggi dari biasanya. Untuk mencegah kekerasan,kemampuan untuk menilai risiko kekerasan diperlukan untuk menilai apakah kekerasanakan berulang atau tidak. Salah satu metode penilaian risiko kekerasan ini adalahdengan Alat Penilaian Risiko Kekerasan (VRA), tetapi metode dan kemampuan untuk menilaiRisiko kekerasan belum umum diajarkan dan digunakan di Indonesia. Masalah inimenimbulkan pertanyaan dari tim peneliti tentang bagaimana mengembangkanketerampilan ini di Indonesia.Metode: Pengumpulan data dilakukan di dua lokasi yaitu di Padang pada tanggal 1 Agustus 2019, danpada tanggal 14 September 2019 di Diklat RSCM, Jakarta. Pesertanya adalah dokter spesialispsikiatri dan/atau sedang menjalani PPDS untuk psikiatri. Peserta mengisilembar angket dan lembar sebelum pendidikan dan lembar post-test setelah pendidikan. DataSkor dan post-test peserta kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Testdengan SPSS versi 23 untuk melihat signifikansinya. Data demografi juga dianalisis denganpeningkatan nilai post-test dengan Uji Korelasi Spearman, Uji U Mann-Whitney, dan . ujiKruskal-Wallis.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) antara nilai pre-test dan post-test,sedangkan analisis data demografi seperti tingkat pendidikan terakhir, pengalaman sebelumnya,menjalani pendidikan penilaian risiko kekerasan selama program pendidikan spesialis (PPDS)psikiatri, pengalaman menjalani pendidikan penilaian risiko kekerasan di luarPPDS untuk psikiatri, pengalaman menangani kasus kekerasan, lama kerja, jumlah kasusditangani per bulan, dan data penilaian diri terhadap kemampuan menangani berbagaikasus kekerasan (fisik, seksual, psikologis dan penelantaran) hingga peningkatan nilai post-testtidak ada hubungan atau perbedaan yang signifikan.Kesimpulan: Ada peningkatan yang signifikan antara skor pre-test dan post-test setelahdiberikan pendidikan. Korelasi dan pengaruh karakteristik demografi peserta terhadap peningkatanskor post-test tidak memiliki nilai signifikan. Penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar untukmenyusun modul atau materi baru dalam psikiatri PPDSABSTRACTIntroduction: People with severe mental disorders are known to be at risk of committing crimeshigher hardness than usual. To prevent violence,the ability to assess the risk of violence is needed to assess whether violencewill repeat or not. One of these violence risk assessment methods iswith the Violence Risk Assessment Tool (VRA), but methods and capabilities to assessThe risk of violence is not yet commonly taught and used in Indonesia. This problemraises questions from the research team about how to developthese skills in Indonesia.Methods: Data collection was carried out in two locations, namely in Padang on August 1, 2019, andon September 14, 2019 at the RSCM Training and Education, Jakarta. Participants are specialist doctorspsychiatrist and/or undergoing PPDS for psychiatry. Participants fill inquestionnaire sheets and sheets before education and post-test sheets after education. DataParticipants' scores and post-test were then analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Testwith SPSS version 23 to see the significance. Demographic data were also analyzed byincrease in post-test scores with the Spearman Correlation Test, the Mann-Whitney U Test, and . testKruskal-Wallis.Results: There was a significant difference (p<0.05) between the pre-test and post-test scores,while the analysis of demographic data such as the last education level, previous experience,undergo violence risk assessment education during the specialist education program (PPDS)psychiatry, experience undergoing violence risk assessment education outside pendidikanPPDS for psychiatry, experience in handling violent cases, length of work, number of caseshandled per month, and self-assessment data on the ability to handle variouscases of violence (physical, sexual, psychological and neglect) to increased post-test scoresthere is no significant relationship or difference.Conclusion: There is a significant increase between pre-test and post-test scores aftergiven education. Correlation and influence of participant demographic characteristics on improvementpost-test scores have no significant value. This research can be the basis forcompiling new modules or materials in PPDS psychiatry"

"[ABSTRAKPenurunan penjualan secara global pada tahun ini oleh McDonald's selaku salah satu pemimpin pasar dalam industri restoran cepat saji, serta adanya prediksi bahwa jumlah gerai restoran cepat saji di Indonesia akan terus meningkat hingga 9.100 gerai di tahun 2017, mengindikasikan bahwa kompetisi dalam industri restoran cepat saji kian memanas. Sekarang, kepuasan bukanlah satu-satunya parameter untuk mengukur kesetiaan seorang konsumen terhadap sebuah restorancepat saji. Adalah kejenuhan konsumen, suatu faktor penting yang sampai saat ini belum mendapatkan banyak perhatian dari restoran cepat saji yang ada. Kejenuhan konsumen ini lah yang nantinya akan mendorong seorang konsumen untuk mencari alternatif lain dan berpindah dari suatu merek tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh frekuensi kunjungan, tingkat stimulasi optimal, dan kontrol diri terhadap tingkat kejenuhan konsumen pada restoran cepat saji. Sampel penelitian ini adalah orang-orang yang berkunjung ke sebuah restoran cepat saji yang sama dalam periode waktu dua dan enam minggu. Data diolah dengan metode Uji Chow dan Uji ANOVA Satu Arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi kunjungan tidak berpengaruh secara positif terhadap tingkat kejenuhan konsumen, begitu juga dengan periode kunjungan. Selain itu, hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi tingkat stimulasi optimal dan kontrol diri seseorang, maka akan semakin jenuh pula ia terhadap suatu restoran cepat saji.

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ABSTRACTThe decrease of global sales value which was faced by McDonald's as one of the market leaders in fast food restaurant industry, and the prediction that fast food outlets will keep growing to 9.100 outlets in 2017, indicates that competition in fast food restaurants industry have become tougher than before. Nowadays, satisfaction is not merely the measurement for consumer brand loyalty towards a fast food restaurant. Consumer satiation is an important factor that hasn't got sufficient attention from the existing fast food restaurants. Consumer satiation is a factor that would lure a consumer to seek for alternatives, and switch to another brand. This research intends to analyze the effect of frequency of visit, optimal stimulation level, and self control towards consumer satiation level in fast food restaurants. The research sample includes people who visited the same fast food restaurant in either two weeks or six weeks. The data is processed with Chow Test method and One-Way ANOVA method. The result shows that frequency of visit doesn't have a positive effect towards consumer satiation level, nor period of visit. Further, the result also shows that the higher optimal stimulation level and self control an individual has, the higher consumer satiation s/he experiences.;The decrease of global sales value which was faced by McDonald’s as oneof the market leaders in fast food restaurant industry, and the prediction that fastfood outlets will keep growing to 9.100 outlets in 2017, indicates that competitionin fast food restaurants industry have become tougher than before. Nowadays,satisfaction is not merely the measurement for consumer brand loyalty towards afast food restaurant. Consumer satiation is an important factor that hasn’t gotsufficient attention from the existing fast food restaurants. Consumer satiation is afactor that would lure a consumer to seek for alternatives, and switch to anotherbrand. This research intends to analyze the effect of frequency of visit, optimalstimulation level, and self control towards consumer satiation level in fast foodrestaurants. The research sample includes people who visited the same fast foodrestaurant in either two weeks or six weeks. The data is processed with Chow Testmethod and One-Way ANOVA method. The result shows that frequency of visitdoesn’t have a positive effect towards consumer satiation level, nor period ofvisit. Further, the result also shows that the higher optimal stimulation level andself control an individual has, the higher consumer satiation s/he experiences., The decrease of global sales value which was faced by McDonald’s as oneof the market leaders in fast food restaurant industry, and the prediction that fastfood outlets will keep growing to 9.100 outlets in 2017, indicates that competitionin fast food restaurants industry have become tougher than before. Nowadays,satisfaction is not merely the measurement for consumer brand loyalty towards afast food restaurant. Consumer satiation is an important factor that hasn’t gotsufficient attention from the existing fast food restaurants. Consumer satiation is afactor that would lure a consumer to seek for alternatives, and switch to anotherbrand. This research intends to analyze the effect of frequency of visit, optimalstimulation level, and self control towards consumer satiation level in fast foodrestaurants. The research sample includes people who visited the same fast foodrestaurant in either two weeks or six weeks. The data is processed with Chow Testmethod and One-Way ANOVA method. The result shows that frequency of visitdoesn’t have a positive effect towards consumer satiation level, nor period ofvisit. Further, the result also shows that the higher optimal stimulation level andself control an individual has, the higher consumer satiation s/he experiences.]"

"Literatur menunjukkan bahwa kedua bentuk kekerasan hubungan intim, yakni secara langsung yang disebut sebagai in-person intimate partner aggression (IPA) dan secara siber yang disebut sebagai cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA), kerap kali terjadi pada populasi dewasa muda. Berdasarkan penelitian terdahulu, IPA dan CIPA dapat diprediksi oleh adverse childhood experience (ACE) melalui proses belajar sosial. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat peran ACE dalam memprediksi IPA dan CIPA, serta menguji hubungan antara kedua bentuk kekerasan tersebut. Penelitian ini melibatkan 945 individu dewasa muda di Indonesia yang pernah atau sedang menjalani hubungan romantis. Instrumen-instrumen yang digunakan adalah Revised Conflict Tactics Scales–Short Form (CTS2S; Straus & Douglas, 2004) untuk mengukur tindakan IPA; (2) Cyber Aggression in Relationship Scale (CARS; Watkins dkk., 2018) untuk mengukur tindakan CIPA; dan (3) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ- SF; Bernstein dkk., 2003) untuk mengukur ACE. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa dimensi physical assault, psychological aggression, dan sexual coercion dari IPA dan perilaku CIPA secara keseluruhan dapat diprediksi secara signifikan dan positif oleh ACE (β=0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; β=0.016, SE=0.002, p>0.001; β=0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; β=0.085, SE=0.016, p>0.001). Seluruh dimensi IPA ditemukan memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dengan CIPA (p<0.001). Implikasi hasil penelitian serta saran metodologis dan praktis dibahas lebih lanjut.

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The literature shows that both direct and online forms of intimate partner aggression, known as in-person intimate partner aggression (IPA) and cyber intimate partner aggression (CIPA), are common in the young adult population. Based on earlier studies, IPA and CIPA can be predicted by adverse childhood experience (ACE) through social learning processes. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the role of ACE in predicting IPA and CIPA, as well as the relationship between the two forms of intimate partner aggression. This study involved 945 young adults in Indonesia who were or are currently in a romantic relationship. The instruments used were Revised Conflict Tactics Scales–Short Form (CTS2S; Straus & Douglas, 2004) to measure IPA; (2) Cyber Aggression in Relationship Scale (CARS; Watkins et al., 2018) to measure CIPA; and (3) the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form (CTQ-SF; Bernstein et al., 2003) to measure ACE. The results of the regression analysis showed that the dimensions of IPA (physical assault, psychological aggression, and sexual coercion) and CIPA can be predicted significantly and positively by ACE (β=0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; =0.016, SE=0.002 , p>0.001; =0.005, SE=0.001, p>0.001; =0.085, SE=0.016, p>0.001). All dimensions of IPA were also found to have a positive and significant relationship with CIPA (p<0.001). The implications of the research as well as methodological and practical suggestions are discussed further."

"Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) merupakan isu yang penting di Indonesia, dengan penelitian yang sedikit. Beberapa faktor dianggap berkontribusi untuk memperparah kondisi pasien seperti usia ketika menikah (muda) dan lama kekerasan, serta rendahnya tingkat GAF score (fungsionalitas). Sehingga, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari korelasi antara usia ketika menikah, lama kekerasan, dan current GAF scale saat pasien mengalami kondisi KDRT. Metode cross sectional digunakan serta data diambil dari Buku Laporan Jaga KDRT dan Rekam Medis pada Departemen Psikiatri RSCM-FKUI (2013-2017). Data yang digunakan sebanyak 50 pasien dengan kekerasan fisik dimana rerata (SD) usia ketika menikah adalah 25.45 (6.26) tahun, dengan 1921.10 (2554.51) hari rerata periode kekerasan, dan 69.10 (7.93) rerata dari GAF Score. Uji komparasi antara GAF dan periode kekerasan ditemukan rerata GAF lebih tinggi pada periode kekerasan berjangka panjang, juga periode kekerasan jangka panjang merupakan nilai tertinggi pada nilai rerata usia ketika menikah. Pada uji korelasi tidak ditemukan korelasi antara usia ketika menikah dan GAF (p = 0.975) serta periode kekerasan dengan GAF (0.132). Maka dari itu, usia ketika menikah dan periode kekerasan serta GAF tidak memiliki korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik. Menggunakan variabel yang berbeda serta kekuatan penilitian yang dikuatkan diharapkan dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih bermakna.

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Domestic Violence has become an important issue in Indonesia with limited research. Several factors that contributes in affecting the patient's condition are early age at marriage, long term period of abuse, and low GAF. This study aims to find the correlation between age at marriage, period of abuse, and current GAF scale in responding to the domestic violence. Cross sectional study and data collection from the DV Report Book of Psychiatric Department and medical records at RSCM-FKUI (2013-2017) used in this research. Among 50 subjects, the mean (SD) age at marriage is 25.45 (6.26), with 1921.10 (2554.51) mean of period of abuse, and 69.10 (7.93) GAF mean. The comparison between mean of GAF and period of abuse shown higher long term physical abuse (26.16), and long term abuse is high in mean age at marriage (27.68). Moreover, there are no correlation between age at marriage and current GAF (p = 0.975) with no correlation between period of abuse and current GAF (p = 0.132). Thus, age at marriage, period of abuse, and GAF have no statistical significant correlation. It is recommended to use different variable that correlate with GAF, and increasing the power of research to give more meaningful result."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat antara forgiveness dan self-efficacy terhadap gejala PTSD pada korban intimate partner violence (IPV). Partisipan pada penelitian ini sebanyak 75 korban IPV dan lolos alat screening Partner Violence Screen. Alat ukur yang dipakai yakni PCL-5, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, dan General Self-Efficacy. Hasil analisis multiple regression menunjukan bahwa forgiveness (β = -0,416, p < 0,01) dapat memprediksi penurunan gejala PTSD. Self-efficacy (β = 0,36, p > 0,05) tidak dapat memprediksi penurunan gejala PTSD. Uji interaksi menunjukan tidak ada interaksi yang signifikan antara forgiveness dan self efficacy (β = 0,103, p > 0,05) dalam memprediksi penurunan gejala PTSD. Penelitian ini bermanfaat sebagai studi tambahan terkait faktor protektif internal dalam menurunkan gejala PTSD dan sebagai acuan studi selanjutnya terkait faktor protektif internal terhadap PTSD pada konteks IPV.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between forgiveness and self-efficacy against PTSD symptoms in victims of intimate partner violence (IPV). The participants in this study were 75 IPV victims and passed Partner Violence Screen Test. There were three instruments used which were PCL-5, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, and General Self-Efficacy. The results of multiple regression analysis show that forgiveness (β = -0.416, p <0.01) can predict a decrease in PTSD symptoms. Meanwhile Self-efficacy (β = 0.36, p> 0.05) cannot predict a decrease in PTSD symptoms. The interaction test shows that there is no significantinteraction between forgiveness and self efficacy (β = 0.103, p> 0.05) in predicting a decrease in PTSD symptoms. This study is useful as an additional study related to internal protective factors in reducing symptoms of PTSD and as a reference for further studies related to PTSD in the context of IPV."