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"ABSTRAKIndonesia still relies heavily on energy derived from fossil fuels, especially petroleum and coal. The large share of fossil energy in the national energy mix can have a negative impact on national development, as it increases the dependence of national energy supplies from imports and increases in green house gas emissions, carbon dioxide. The Government of Indonesia has issued a national energy policy whose goal is to achieve an optimal national energy mix, which is to reduce the share of fossil fuels and icrease the use of renewable energy and can use it to replace fossil fuels. However, the development and utilization of biomass as an energy source is still very small compared to its potentioal. Biomass energy development policy has begun to receive attention from the government, although it is still focused on the development policy has begun to receive attention from the government, although it is still focused on the development and use of liquid biofuels, especially palm oil-based biodiesel. There is no clear policy to support the development and utilization of solid biomass to meet national energy needs. Meanwhile, foreign countries, Korea for example, have developed a strategy to utilize Indonesia's biomass as fuel for their power plants. As a country with huge biomass potential, it is ironic that Inodnesia has not used biomass as a source of energy to support development, while other countries use it. This paper aims to provide policy recommendations for developing biomass energy, both in terms of production capacity and demand for use in the country."

"ABSTRAKCadangan batubara Indonesia hanya sebesar 3,25% atau terbesar kesepuluhdidunia, namun pada kenyataannya produksi batubara semakin tahun jumlahnyasemakin besar dan Indonesia merupakan pengekspor batubara terbesar. Jikakondisi dibiarkan akan mengikis sisa cadangan terbukti dari batubara semakincepat. Perusahaan batubara sebagai pengelola pertambangan dalam kurun waktu2008-2013 mengalami penurunan margin laba bersih sehingga tingkatpengembalian investasi (ROI) mengalami penurunan sebesar 9,1% yaitu padatahun 2008 sebesar 8,6% menjadi minus 0,5% pada tahun 2013.Pada pihak lain pemerintah sedang merencanakan banyak pembangunanPLTU untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi listrik semakin besar sehinggamembutuhkan volume batubara dalam jumlah semakin besar. Perusahaanpembangkit tenaga listrik sebagai penghasil dan penjual energi listrik dalam kurunwaktu 2008 – 2012 mengalami kenaikan margin laba bersih sehingga tingkatpengembalian investasi (ROI) juga mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,31% yaitupada tahun 2008 sebesar 1,98% menjadi 2,29% pada tahun 2012.Terkait cadangan batubara yang terbatas, maka diperlukan rancangankebijakan dalam pemanfaatan batubara untuk menunjang kelistrikan nasionalyaitu dengan mengkonversi perusahaan batubara menjadi perusahaan energidengan diberikan kemudahan insentif yaitu berupa menjaminkan IRR nya sebagaitingkat pengembalian yang pasti bukan menjamin harga jual, sehingga perusahaanbatubara dapat meningkatkan ROI nya.

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ABSTRACTIndonesian coal reserves amounted to only 3.25% or the tenth largest in theworld, but in fact the production of coal increasingly greater number of years andIndonesia is the largest exporter of coal. If the condition continues, it will erodethe rest of proven reserves of coal more quickly. Coal mining company as amanager in the period 2008-2013 net profit margin decreased to the level of returnon investment (ROI) decreased by 9.1% in 2008 ie by 8.6% to minus 0.5% in2013.On the other hand the government is planning many power plant to meet theelectrical energy needs of the greater volume of coal and thus require greateramounts. Power company as a manufacturer and seller of electric energy in theperiod 2008 - 2012 increased net profit margin so that the return on investment(ROI) increased by 0.31% in 2008 ie 1.98% to 2.29% in 2012.Related to the limited reserves of coal, it is necessary to design policies tosupport the use of coal in the national electricity company is to convert coal intoenergy company with ease given incentives in the form of its IRR offers a rate ofreturn that is certainly not guarantee a fair price, so that coal companies canimprove the value of ROI."

"ABSTRAKEnergi di Indonesia merupakan sektor yang sangat vital, semakin bertambah tahun kebutuhan energi semakin meningkat. Hal ini juga dipengaruhi oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi dan penduduk. Kondisi di dunia saat ini bahwa persediaan energi renewable semakin menipis, memicu pengembangan energi renewable. Indonesia menargetkan pengembangan energi renewable padaa tahun 2025 sebesar 23 bauran energi nasional. Penelitian ini memberikan alternatif proporsi bauran dan pemilihan lokasi EBT yang bertujuan untuk meminimumkan biaya total energi bauran. Hasil yang diperoleh dari metode MINLP yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menghasilkan energi air dan panas bumi yang memiliki porsi pengembangan terbesar.

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ABSTRACTEnergy in Indonesia is an important sector that electricity demand always increasing every year. This condition is also influenced by economic and population growth. In fact, non renewable energy is declining and will be vanished in several decades. This condition triggers development of renewable energy to replace it. Indonesia have made a development target of renewable energy become 23 of all energy mix. This paper give an alternative plan of development and site selection to reach minimum cost of all renewable energy mix in Indonesia. The result is hydro and geothermal are dominant in this energy mix."

"A global demand for energy has forced many countries to search for alternative and renewable energy. An anticipated effect of the development of renewable is an increase in employment as part of new green jobs creation, a major benefit for Indonesia to cope with its high unemployment rate. This paper describes the impact of renewable energy development on the jobs creation in Indonesia. First, we identify current government policies relative to renewable energy. Second, this paper describes the definition of green jobs and what type of jobs might be created due to development of renewable energy. Third, companies in Indonesia currently operating in the renewable energy sector are analyzed for their potential growth. Research is based solely on secondary data analysis. Information publicly available from the government/ministry website was used to examine policies concerning renewable energy. Related journals and articles were used to explore plans for the creation of green jobs, and a database search was conducted to identify companies currently operating in the renewable energy sector. The Kammen et al. (2004) study of Jobs per Megawatt of Capacity identified that the renewable energy installed capacity in 2007 created approximately 14,000 jobs in Indonesia. The potential capacity of renewable energy will create 70,000-190,000 jobs in Indonesia."

"A global demand for energy has forced many countries to search for alternative and renewable energy. An anticipated effect of the development of renewable is an increase in employment as part of new green jobs creation, a major benefit for Indonesia to cope with its high unemployment rate. This paper describes the impact of renewable energy development on the jobs creation in Indonesia. First, we identify current government policies relative to renewable energy. Second, this paper describes the definition of green jobs and what type of jobs might be created due to development of renewable energy. Third, companies in Indonesia currently operating in the renewable energy sector are analyzed for their potential growth. Research is based solely on secondary data analysis. Information publicly available from the government/ministry website was used to examine policies concerning renewable energy. Related journals and articles were used to explore plans for the creation of green jobs, and a database search was conducted to identify companies currently operating in the renewable energy sector. The Kammen et al. (2004) study of Jobs per Megawatt of Capacity identified that the renewable energy installed capacity in 2007 created approximately 14,000 jobs in Indonesia. The potential capacity of renewable energy will create 70,000-190,000 jobs in Indonesia."