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"ABSTRAKArtikel ini membahas kaitan kondisi Joseph Stalin secara psikologis dengan dibuatnya kebijakan penyensoran foto. Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebijakan penyensoran foto tersebut dengan kondisi psikologis Joseph Stalin, artikel ini menggunakan analisis wacana terhadap sejumlah foto-foto sejarah Uni Soviet yang telah dimanipulasi pada masa pemerintahan Stalin menggunakan teori psikoanalisis Sigmund Freud. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa Stalin seringkali lebih memilih untuk mengesampingkan moral demi menghilangkan rasa paranoidnya terhadap ancaman. Gejala paranoia telah muncul sejak Stalin masih sangat muda dan merupakan akibat dari kekerasan rumah tangga yang sering dilakukan oleh ayahnya yang merupakan seorang pecandu alkohol berat. Stalin pun tumbuh menjadi seseorang yang ringan tangan dalam menyingkirkan lawan-lawannya. Pada saat berkuasa, ia bahkan bukan hanya memusnahkan oposisinya secara fisik, tetapi juga pengaruhnya, dengan cara menghilangkan figurnya dalam dokumen-dokumen sejarah.

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ABSTRACTThis article discusses how Joseph Stalin rsquo s psychological condition has taken a large part in the making of Soviet Union rsquo s photo censorship policy. To find the relation between the photo censorship policy and his psychological condition, the method of critical discourse analysis is used on several historical photos of the Soviet Union which had been manipulated during the reign of Joseph Stalin, using Sigmund Freud rsquo s theory of psychoanalysis. The result shows that Stalin often prefer to override moral values in order to eliminate his paranoia against threats. The symptomps of paranoia has emerged since he was still very young and is a result of violence acts he receives, often done by his father, who was a heavy drinker. This caused him to grow into a ruthless murderous person who could easily get rid of his opponents. By the time he rules the country, he didn rsquo t only destroy his opponents physically, but also their ideas and influences, by removing their figures in the Soviet Union rsquo s historical documents. "

"Penelitian ini membahas propaganda Card Stacking dalam poster pendidikan anak Uni Soviet pada zaman kekuasaan Joseph Stalin dengan membuka realita yang sebenarnya di balik poster bernuansa utopis dan ideal. Poster mulai dikenal dan berkembang di masyarakat Rusia pada akhir abad ke-19 dan awal abad ke-20. Poster perlahan muncul setelah beredarnya plakat cetak, papan toko bergambar, dan lubok. Dalam membahas poster pendidikan anak Soviet tersebut, digunakan teori propaganda Card Stacking, yaitu upaya menutupi hal-hal yang faktual seraya mengemukakan bukti-bukti palsu, sehingga banyak orang yang tertipu. Data yang digunakan adalah poster-poster bertema pendidikan pada zaman Uni Soviet saat era kekuasaan Joseph Stalin (1925-1953) dalam buku kumpulan poster Uni Soviet yang berjudul «Материнство и Детство в Русском Плакате» /Materinstvo i Detstvo v Russkom Plakate/. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis konten dengan materi visual. Temuan penelitian ini adalah tiga atribut yang melekat pada poster bertema pendidikan pada zaman Uni Soviet saat era kekuasaan Joseph Stalin, yaitu subjek anak, dasi merah, dan buku. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa meskipun pemerintah Uni Soviet menggunakan anak sebagai subjek beserta simbol-simbol organisasi kepanduannya, yaitu kacu merah dan buku dalam poster dengan nuansa utopis dan ideal, tetapi pada kenyataannya, kondisi sosial kehidupan mereka pada masa Stalin justru tidak bahagia.

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This article discusses the Card Stacking technique in propaganda from Soviet Union`s children education posters during Joseph Stalin`s reign by revealing the realities behind posters with utopian nuances and ideals. Posters had been developed and became popular in Russian society in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Posters slowly appeared after the circulation of printed placards, shop signs, and lubok.

In discussing the Soviet Union`s children education poster, the Card Stacking propaganda theory is used to cover up factual (real) things while presenting false evidence, so that many people are deceived. The data used are educationalthemed posters in the Soviet Union era during Joseph Stalin`s reign (1925-1953) in a book collection of Soviet Union posters entitled «Материнство и Детство в Русском Плакате» /Materinstvo i Detstvo v Russkom Plakate/.

This article uses content analysis method with visual material. The findings of this article are three attributes attached to educational-themed posters in the Soviet era during Joseph Stalin's reign, the three subjects are children, red ties, and books.

This study concludes that although the Soviet Union government used children as a subject along with the symbols of its scouting organization, namely red ties and books in posters with utopian and ideal nuances, but in reality, the social conditions of their lives during Stalin's time were actually unhappy."

"Disertasi ini membahas mengenai dinamika hubungan diplomasi Uni Soviet ndash; Indonesia dalam periode 1945-1964, dengan lebih fokus pada perspektif Uni Soviet, yang mencakup dasawarsa terakhir pemerintahan Stalin pasca Perang Dunia II hingga akhir pemerintahan Nikita Khruschev. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sejarah dengan menggunakan metodologi kualitatif. Pendekatan ilmu geopolitik dan hubungan internasional digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk melihat sejauh mana peran tradisi diplomasi menjadi bagian dari praktik diplomasi Uni Soviet dalam era Stalin dan Khruschev. Selain itu digunakan kerangka konseptual druzhba, mirnoye sosushyestvovaniye dan spaseniye mira untuk lebih memahami gambaran periode tersebut. Dalam perspektif Rusia, konsep persahabatan druzhba yang mengandung makna vernost rsquo; kesetiaan dan iskrennost rsquo; kejujuran menjadi pondasi bagi sikap Rusia yang diimplementasikan dengan cara yang berbeda di setiap masa. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan pengaruh nilai-nilai druzhba dan mirnoye sosushyestovaniye, yang berakar pada tradisi pemikiran Rusia, dalam hubungan kedua negara.

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The dissertation examines the dynamic of diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Indonesia in the period of 1945 1964, which, focus of Soviet perspective, covers the last decade of Stalin rsquo s post world war II period until the end of Khruschev rsquo s leadership in 1964. This research is a historical research using qualitative methodology. Geopolitical and international relations approach is used in this study to examine role of diplomatic tradition in enforcement of Soviet influence in the Third World countries during the last decade of Stalin and the whole of Khruschev periods. The conceptual frameworks druzhba friendship , mirnoye sosushyestvovaniye peaceful coexistence , and spaseniye mira world salvation are used to get better understanding of the picture of the period. In Russian perspective, the value of druzhba friendship that comprises vernost rsquo loyalty and iskrennost honesty which form the basis for Russia rsquo s attitudes, which implemented in different ways in different times. The results of this study indicate the influence of lsquo druzhba rsquo and mirnoye sosushyestvovaniye values, rooted in the tradition of Russian thought, in diplomatic relations between both countries."

"Buku ini berisi mengenai pihak yang berlawanan terhadap Stalin selama Perang Dunia II. "

"Informasi memainkan pernanan yang penting dalam pasar modal, mengingat informasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang menggerakkan ekspektasi investor. Namun, beberapa dari informasi yang beredar di pasar tersebut sangat mungkin sengaja dimanipulasi oleh pihak-pihak tertentu, sehingga dikembangkan berbagai metode perdagangan yang dapat membantu investor untuk menghasilkan investasi terbaiknya, salah satunya adalah high-frequency trading. Meskipun penerapan praktik high-frequency trading mampu menghasilkan keuntungan yang lebih besar, efisien, dan cepat, namun di sisi lain, kelebihan yang dimiliki oleh algoritma yang digunakannya tersebut, justru kerap kali dimanfaatkan untuk dapat melaksanakan praktik-praktik yang dilarang dalam pasar modal, salah satunya adalah manipulasi pasar. Melalui skripsi ini, penulis akan melakukan perbandingan perspektif pengaturan tentang praktik high-frequency trading sehubungan dengan larangan praktik manipulasi pasar di Indonesia serta regulasi yang mengaturnya antara Indonesia dengan Amerika Serikat dan Uni Eropa. Selain itu, melalui skripsi ini, penulis melakukan analisis atas kesiapan Indonesia dalam penerapan highfrequency trading dalam perdagangan bursa. Metode yang digunakan di dalam Skripsi ini adalah Yuridis-Normatif yang didukung dengan bahan-bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier, serta menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan komparatif terhadap hukum pasar modal yang berlaku di negara lain.

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Information plays an essential role in the capital market, considering that information is one factor that drives investors' expectations. However, some of the information circulating in the market is very likely to be deliberately manipulated by certain parties. Various trading methods have been developed to help investors make the best investment, one of which is high-frequency trading. Although the application of high-frequency trading practices can generate greater, efficient, and faster profits, on the other hand, the advantages possessed by the algorithm it uses are often used to carry out practices that are prohibited in the capital market, one of which is market manipulation. This thesis will compare perspectives on highfrequency trading practices concerning the prohibition of market manipulation practices in Indonesia and the regulations governing it between Indonesia, United States, and European Union. In addition, through this thesis, the author analyzes Indonesia's readiness to implement high-frequency trading in stock exchange trading. The method used in this thesis is Juridical-Normative which is supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. It uses a conceptual and comparative approach to capital market law applicable in other countries."

""Making the Soviet Intelligentsia explores the formation of educated elites in Russian and Ukrainian universities during the early Cold War. In the postwar period, universities emerged as training grounds for the military-industrial complex, showcases of Soviet cultural and economic accomplishments and valued tools in international cultural diplomacy. However, these feted Soviet institutions also generated conflicts about the place of intellectuals and higher learning under socialism. Disruptive party initiatives in higher education - from the xenophobia and anti-Semitic campaigns of late Stalinism to the rewriting of history and the opening of the USSR to the outside world under Khrushchev - encouraged students and professors to interpret their commitments as intellectuals in the Soviet system in varied and sometimes contradictory ways. In the process, the social construct of intelligentsia took on divisive social, political and national meanings for educated society in the postwar Soviet state"--"