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"ABSTRAKCa buli merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat perkotaan, faktor resiko pada individu perkotaan meliputi lingkungan, gaya hidup dan asupan makanan yang mengandung amin aromatik, benzena, dan zat karsinogen lainnya. Karya ilmiah akhir ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran asuhan keperawatan pada ca buli dengan kateterisasi post TURBT. Pencegahan infeksi saluran kencing pada pasien dengan kateterisasi irigasi dilakukan dengan cara perawatan kateter perhari serta teknik aseptik dalam intervensi keperawatan. Perawatan dengan menggunakan chlorhexidin 2% mampu mencegah komplikasi infeksi akibat kateter.

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ABSTRACT

Bladder cancer is the most problem people who live in city, environment, smoke and lifestyle is risk factor who get bladder cancer. This paper aims to show how to care patient with bladder cancer on bladder irrigation with cathteter. To prevention cathteterisation associated urinary tract infection by doing care of cathteter everyday using chlorhexidin 2%. To reduce urinary tract infections."

"[ABSTRAKPerubahan gaya hidup masyarakat perkotaan dapat memacu meningkatnyapenyakit degeneratif salah satunya kanker kolorektal. Perubahan gaya hidupseperti diet, aktifitas, merokok, minum alkohol, stress merupakan faktor risikoterjadinya kanker kolorektal. Salah satu pengobatan kanker kolorektal adalahpembuatan stoma. Stoma merupakan merupakan masalah serius yangmempengaruhi kualitas hidup pada pasien kanker. Salah satu jenis stoma yaitukolostomi. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi persiapan perioperatifpada klien yang akan dilakukan operasi kolostomi. Konseling pre operasi amatsangat penting diberikan kepada pasien yang akan menjalani tindakanpembedahan kolostomi. Konseling ini diberikan oleh perawat spesialis stoma atauEnterostomal therapy nurse (ET Nurse). Informasi yang jelas dan penjelasanmengenai stoma, perubahan gaya hidup akan memberikan keuntungan padaproses penyembuhan.;

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ABSTRACT

Change of lifestyle among urban community can increase the risk of degenerative

diseases, such as a colorectal cancer. Lifestyle changes in diet, activity, smoking,

alcohol consumption and stress are few among risk factors of colorectal cancer.

One treatment of colorectal cancer is stoma. Stoma is a serious issue that affects

the quality of life in cancer patients. One type of stoma is a colostomy. This

research aims to identify perioperative preparation for client who will undergo

colostomy surgery. Preoperative counseling is extremely important for patients

who will undergo colostomy surgery. Counseling was provided by specialist

nurses or Enterostomal stoma therapy nurse (ET Nurse). Clear information and

an explanation regarding the stoma and lifestyle improvement will benefit the

healing process.;Change of lifestyle among urban community can increase the risk of degenerativediseases, such as a colorectal cancer. Lifestyle changes in diet, activity, smoking,alcohol consumption and stress are few among risk factors of colorectal cancer.One treatment of colorectal cancer is stoma. Stoma is a serious issue that affectsthe quality of life in cancer patients. One type of stoma is a colostomy. Thisresearch aims to identify perioperative preparation for client who will undergocolostomy surgery. Preoperative counseling is extremely important for patientswho will undergo colostomy surgery. Counseling was provided by specialistnurses or Enterostomal stoma therapy nurse (ET Nurse). Clear information andan explanation regarding the stoma and lifestyle improvement will benefit thehealing process;Change of lifestyle among urban community can increase the risk of degenerativediseases, such as a colorectal cancer. Lifestyle changes in diet, activity, smoking,alcohol consumption and stress are few among risk factors of colorectal cancer.One treatment of colorectal cancer is stoma. Stoma is a serious issue that affectsthe quality of life in cancer patients. One type of stoma is a colostomy. Thisresearch aims to identify perioperative preparation for client who will undergocolostomy surgery. Preoperative counseling is extremely important for patientswho will undergo colostomy surgery. Counseling was provided by specialistnurses or Enterostomal stoma therapy nurse (ET Nurse). Clear information andan explanation regarding the stoma and lifestyle improvement will benefit thehealing process;Change of lifestyle among urban community can increase the risk of degenerativediseases, such as a colorectal cancer. Lifestyle changes in diet, activity, smoking,alcohol consumption and stress are few among risk factors of colorectal cancer.One treatment of colorectal cancer is stoma. Stoma is a serious issue that affectsthe quality of life in cancer patients. One type of stoma is a colostomy. Thisresearch aims to identify perioperative preparation for client who will undergocolostomy surgery. Preoperative counseling is extremely important for patientswho will undergo colostomy surgery. Counseling was provided by specialistnurses or Enterostomal stoma therapy nurse (ET Nurse). Clear information andan explanation regarding the stoma and lifestyle improvement will benefit thehealing process, Change of lifestyle among urban community can increase the risk of degenerativediseases, such as a colorectal cancer. Lifestyle changes in diet, activity, smoking,alcohol consumption and stress are few among risk factors of colorectal cancer.One treatment of colorectal cancer is stoma. Stoma is a serious issue that affectsthe quality of life in cancer patients. One type of stoma is a colostomy. Thisresearch aims to identify perioperative preparation for client who will undergocolostomy surgery. Preoperative counseling is extremely important for patientswho will undergo colostomy surgery. Counseling was provided by specialistnurses or Enterostomal stoma therapy nurse (ET Nurse). Clear information andan explanation regarding the stoma and lifestyle improvement will benefit thehealing process]"

"Kanker payudara merupakan adanya tumor pada sel-sel jaringan payudara. Secara umum kanker payudara belum dapat dipastikan penyebab utamanya, namun pola hidup masyarakat perkotaan yang tidak sehat dapat menjadi salah satu faktor yang dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya kanker payudara. Kanker payudara dapat menimbulkan komplikasi apabila telah terjadi metastasis atau penyebaran ke organ lain, salah satunya adalah ke organ paru-paru sehingga akan menimbulkan efusi pleura. Efusi pleura merupakan adanya akumulasi cairan dalam rongga pleura. Salah satu dampak efusi pleura adalah sistem pernapasan. Salah satu intervensi keperawatan dalam menangani masalah pernapasan adalah pemberian posisi tidur yang sesuai. Pemberian posisi yang sesuai dapat membantu ekspansi paru dalam proses bernapas. Karya Ilmiah Akhir Ners ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis intervensi pemberian posisi semi fowler pada klien kanker payudara dengan efusi pleura di Ruang Rawat Inap Lantai 4 Selatan Gedung Irna Teratai RSUP Fatmawati. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya peningkatan saturasi oksigen dan frekuensi napas menjadi optimal saat klien diberikan posisi semi fowler. Perlu dilakukan sosialisasi terkait manfaat pemberian posisi semi fowler pada perawat ruangan agar oksigenasi pada klien dengan masalah pernapasan menjadi lebih maksimal.

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Breast cancer is the presence of tumor cells in breast tissue. Generally the cause of breast cancer is uncertain, but the lifestyle of urban community which is not healthy can be one of the factors that may lead to the occurrence of breast cancer. Breast cancer can cause complications when metastasis has occurred or spread to other organs, one of them is to the lungs so that the organ will cause pleural effusion. The presence of pleural effusion is an accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity. One of the impacts of pleural effusion is the respiratory system. The nursing interventions in dealing with respiratory problems is the awarding of appropriate semi fowler positioning. The granting of the corresponding position can help in the process of breathing lung expansion.

Scientific works on this research aims to analyse the intervention of giving a semi fowler position on clients of breast cancer with pleural effusion in South Section of 4th floor Fatmawati Hospital. The results of the analysis show an increase in oxygen saturation and frequency of breath be optimal when the client is given the position of semi fowler. Socialisation related of the benefits of semi fowler position in nurses room in order for oxygenation on the client with respiratory problems being more maximum."

"[Kanker kolorektal merupakan kondisi keganasan pada kolon dan rektum yang dapat menimbulkan masalah baik secara fisik maupun psikologis Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan analisis praktik klinik keperawatan kesehatan masyarakat perkotaan pada pasien dengan kanker kolorektal Dalam karya ilmiah ini digunakan metode intervensi sesuai Nursing Intervention Classification dengan melibatkan satu pasien dengan kanker kolorektal Hasil analisis dari studi literatur dan intervensi yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa kanker kolorektal yang dapat dipicu oleh gaya hidup masyarakat perkotaan dapat menimbulkan masalah ansietas yang berdampak pada penurunan kualitas hidup pasien Teknik penurunan ansietas berupa pendidikan preoperatif dan peningkatan koping menjadi intervensi yang direkomendasikan dalam mengatasi masalah psikologis pasien dengan kanker kolorektal ;Colorectal cancer is malignant condition in colon and rectum that could cause problems in both physically and psychologically This study aimed to describe the analysis of clinical practice in urban health nursing This study used intervention methodes based on Nursing Intervention Classification which evaluated one patient The result of analysis that based on literature review and intervention indicated that colorectal cancer which could be the impact of urban community rsquo s life style could make anxiety problem and lead to decrease patient rsquo s quality of life Interventions of anxiety reduction such as teaching preoperative and coping enhancement were recommended to solve psychological problems ini patient with colorectal cancer ;Colorectal cancer is malignant condition in colon and rectum that could cause problems in both physically and psychologically This study aimed to describe the analysis of clinical practice in urban health nursing This study used intervention methodes based on Nursing Intervention Classification which evaluated one patient The result of analysis that based on literature review and intervention indicated that colorectal cancer which could be the impact of urban community rsquo s life style could make anxiety problem and lead to decrease patient rsquo s quality of life Interventions of anxiety reduction such as teaching preoperative and coping enhancement were recommended to solve psychological problems ini patient with colorectal cancer , Colorectal cancer is malignant condition in colon and rectum that could cause problems in both physically and psychologically This study aimed to describe the analysis of clinical practice in urban health nursing This study used intervention methodes based on Nursing Intervention Classification which evaluated one patient The result of analysis that based on literature review and intervention indicated that colorectal cancer which could be the impact of urban community rsquo s life style could make anxiety problem and lead to decrease patient rsquo s quality of life Interventions of anxiety reduction such as teaching preoperative and coping enhancement were recommended to solve psychological problems ini patient with colorectal cancer ]"

"Salah satu tindakan keperawatan mandiri perawat adalah mengajarkan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam. Dalam karya Ilmiah ini diterapkan  tindakan keperawatan tersebut kepada klien kanker payudara yang telah bermetastase dan terjadi efusi pleura sehingga klien mengalami sesak, batuk kelelahan. Klien menderita kanker payudara disebabkan karena klien tidak menikah dan telah  berusia 51 tahun. Tindakan yang diberikan dilakukan tiga kali sehari selama lebih kurang 15 menit. Sebelum dan sesudah  melakukan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam klien diukur saturasi oksigennya,dan jumlah pernafasannya. Selama diberikan tindakan  relaksasi nafas dalam ini klien menunjukkan semakin baik tingkat saturasi oksigennya dan  terlihat  perbaikan  pola nafas. Tindakan relaksasi nafas dalam ini dinilai penting untuk dilakukan kepada klien yang mengalami sesak nafas dan kelelahan karena bertujuan untuk memperkuat otot pernafasan,mengurangi kelelahan dan meningkatkan kapasitas vital paru. Tindakan teknik relaksasi nafas dalam ini akan lebih terlihat hasilnya apabila dilakukan murni tanpa intervensi medis seperti pemberian obat-obatan dan dilakukan saat klien dalam kondisi tenang dan kooperatif.

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One of the nurse's independent nursing actions is to teach deep breathing relaxation techniques. In this Scientific work is applied nursing actions to clients who have metastasize breast cancer and pleural effusion occurs so that clients experience shortness, cough fatigue. Clients suffering from breast cancer are caused because the client is not married and has 51 years of age. The action given is done three times a day for approximately 15 minutes. Before and after doing breath relaxation techniques in the client measured oxygen saturation, and the amount of breathing. During this breathing relaxation action the client shows the better the oxygen saturation level and the improvement of the breath pattern. This deep breath relaxation action is considered important to do to clients who experience shortness of breath and fatigue as it aims to strengthen the respiratory muscles, reduce fatigue and increase vital capacity of the lung. This deep breath relaxation technique action will be more visible if done purely without medical intervention such as drug delivery and performed when clients are calm and cooperative."

"Kanker kolorektal merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang terjadi di daerah perkotaan. Salah satu bagian dari kanker kolorektal adalah kanker rekti. Pasien paska pembedahan kolostomi biasanya mengalami ketakutan menangani perawatan kolostomi. Edukasi perawatan kolostomi yang tidak optimal dapat menyebabkan obstruksi, infeksi, retraksi stoma, perdarahan stoma. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah menunjukkan pentingnya melakukan discharge planning edukasi perawatan kolostomi setiap kasus klien baru operasi kolostomi. Rekomendasi penulisan ini agar klien kanker kolorektal paska kolostomi terhindar dari resiko komplikasi dan klien menjadi lebih mandiri.

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Colorectal cancer is one of the health problems that occur in urban areas. One part of colorectal cancer is rectal cancer. Post-surgical patients usually experience fear to handle colostomy care. Lack of colostomy care education can causes obstruction, infection, retracted stoma, stoma bleeding.

The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of discharge planning education of colostomy care every new client post colostomy surgery. Recommendations of this paper is help the colorectal cance rpost colostomy avoids the risk of complications and become more independent."

"Kanker ginjal merupakan penyakit keganasan yang mulai meningkat angka kejadiannya di daerah perkotaan. Akibat invasi dan pertumbuhan sel kanker yang semakin membesar dapat menekan jaringan atau organ sekitar ginjal. Hal ini sering mengakibatkan keluhan nyeri pada pasien dengan kanker ginjal. Sebagai penyakit dengan progresivitas lambat, kanker menyebabkan nyeri yang bersifat kronis, sehingga pengunaan obat analgesik dalam jangka waktu perlu dipertimbangkan karena akan meningkatkan efek toksisitas terhadap organ. Maka dari itu diperlukan manajemen nyeri non farmakologik. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis evidence based mengenai teknik manajemen nyeri non farmakologik khususnya teknik relaksasi dan teknik distraksi. Hasil dari latihan teknik relaksasi dan distraksi yang dilakukan secara terus-menerus dapat mengatasi rasa nyeri klien dengan kanker ginjal baik pra bedah maupun paska bedah.

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Kidney cancer is a malignant disease which the incidence began to increase in urban areas. The growth and invasion of cancer cells can suppress the tissues or organs around the kidney. This often results in complaints of pain in patients with kidney cancer. As a disease with a slow progression, cancer causes chronic pain, so the use of analgesic drugs in the long period needs to be considered because it will increase the effect of toxicity to organs. Because of that, it is required nonpharmacologic pain management.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze evidence based of non-pharmacologic pain management techniques, especially relaxation techniques and distraction techniques. Results of relaxation and distraction exercises are performed regularly can overcome the pain of kidney cancer both pre and post surgical clients."

"Pola hidup masyarakat perkotaan yang tidak sehat seperti jarang melakukan aktivitas fisik serta kurang mengkonsumsi sayur dan buah-buahan menyebabkan masyarakat di kawasan perkotaan rentan terkena kanker kolorektal. Kanker kolorektal merupakan salah satu penyebab pasien harus menjalani operasi kolostomi. Tindakan kolostomi menyebabkan penurunan kualitas hidup pasien. Dengan pemberian edukasi tentang perawatan kolostomi serta penyesuaian terhadap perubahan pada pasien pasca kolostomi dapat mencegah penurunan kualitas hidup pasien. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah menunjukkan pentingnya edukasi tentang perawatan kolostomi serta penyesuaian terhadap perubahan pasca kolostomi. Evaluasi dari edukasi tentang perawatan kolostomi pada pasien kelolaan menunjukkan setelah diberikan edukasi pasien mampu memahami tentang cara perawatan stoma serta penyesuaian diet, aktivitas seksual, dan aktivitas ibadah pasca kolostomi. Rekomendasi dari penulisan ini agar pasien pasca kolostomi dapat melakukan perawatan kolostomi secara mandiri serta dapat menyesuaikan perubahan pasca kolostomi sehingga tidak terjadi penurunan kualitas hidup.

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lifestyles of urban communities such as rarely physical activity and less consumption of vegetables and fruits cause people in urban areas susceptible to colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer is one of the causes of patients having to undergo colostomy surgery. Colostomy action leads to decreased quality of life of the patient. With the provision of education on colostomy care as well as adjustment to changes in post colostomy patients can prevent deterioration of patient's quality of life.

The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of education on colostomy care and adjustment to post colostomy changes. Evaluation of education on colostomy care in patients under management showed that after being educated the patient was able to understand colostomy care and dietary adjustments, sexual activity, and post colostomy religious activities.

Recommendation from this writing that post colostomy patients can do colostomy care independently and can adjust post colostomy changes so that there is no decrease in quality of life."

"Kanker prostat merupakan penyakit keganasan yang sering menyerang laki-laki di area perkotaan. Faktor resiko yang menyebabkan timbulnya kanker prostat di area perkotaan diantaranya faktor familial, usia, pola makan, dan kadar hormon testosteron. Masalah keperawatan yang menjadi fokus dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah inkontinensia urin. Salah satu intervensi yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi inkontinensia urin yaitu latihan kegel. Tujuan dari penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah untuk menganalisis intervensi latihan kegel pada pasien Adeno CA Prostat untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot dasar panggul. Secara kognitif pasien dapat memahami dan melakukan latihan kegel, namun belum dapat mengontrol inkontinensia urin karena keterbatasan waktu intervensi. Pemantauan khusus perlu diberikan pada pasien dengan inkontinensia urin selama melakukan latihan kegel untuk meningkatkan kekuatan otot dasar panggul.

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Prostate cancer is the common malignant disease in men that occurs in urban areas. Risk factors which cause prostate cancer in urban areas include the familial factor, age, diet, and testosterone level. The nursing problem which becomes a concern of this paper is urinary incontinence. One of the nursing interventions to overcome urinary incontinence is kegel exercises.

The objective of this paper was to analyze the intervention of kegel exercises in a patient with Adeno CA Prostate to strengthen the pelvic floor muscle. The patient has shown the understanding of how to do the kegel exercise and the purpose of the exercise, yet the patient has not been able to control urinary incontinence due to the limited period of the intervention. Specific monitoring should be given to the patient with urinary incontinence during kegel exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscle."

"Kanker payudara banyak diderita masyarakat perkotaan. Salah satu penanganan dari kanker payudara ialah mastektomi. Mastektomi memiliki beberapa komplikasi, salah satunya ialah limfadema. Penulisan karya ilmiah akhir ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terhadap intervensi mandiri keperawatan yaitu latihan mobilisasi lengan pada awal post operasi mastektomi untuk mengurangi edema transisi dan mencegah limfadema. Praktik dilakukan di ruang rawat gema tengah RSUP Persahabatan. Hasil dan evaluasi dari intervensi yang dilakukan yaitu berkurangnya edema transisi pada lengan klien dan meningkatnya kekuatan otot lengan klien. Perawat perlu melakukan intervensi mandiri keperawatan tersebut pada pasien kanker payudara post mastektomi untuk mengurangi edema transisi dan mencegah limfadema.

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Breast cancer occurs to many urban communities. One of the treatments of breast cancer is mastectomy. Mastectomy has few complications, one of which is lymphedema. This study aimed to analyze nursing implementation which is early arm mobilization for post mastectomy patient to reduce transition edema and prevent lymphedema. This practice is done in Gema Tengah Ward RSUP Persahabatan. Results and evaluation of this intervention are reducing patients arm transition edema and increasing her arm muscle strength. Nurses need to do these interventions in the post mastectomy breast cancer patients to reduce transition edema and prevent lymphedema."