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"Olahraga merupakan aktivator stimulus simpatis yang dapat mempengaruhi sekresi saliva sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan viskositas dan konsentrasi protein saliva, salah satunya Streptococcus mutans-binding salivary protein. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh S. mutans-binding salivary protein yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm Streptococcus gordonii. Metode: Pemilihan subjek pelari dan nonpelari ditetapkan berdasarkan metode subjektif melalui riwayat lari dan metode objektif melalui pengukuran VO2max. S. mutans-binding salivary protein didapatkan melalui interaksi protein saliva pelari dan nonpelari dengan bakteri S. mutans. Uji pertumbuhan biofilm bakteri S. gordonii ATCC 10558T dilakukan dengan pewarnaan crystal violet. Data yang didapat kemudian dianalisis dengan uji statistik menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA. Hasil: Pertumbuhan biofilm S. gordonii pada S. mutans-binding salivary protein pelari meningkat tetapi tidak signifikan p>0.05 baik pada waktu 3 jam maupun 24 jam. Pertumbuhan biofilm S. gordonii pada S. mutans-binding salivary protein nonpelari tidak signifikan p>0.05 pada waktu 3 jam kemudian meningkat signifikan p 0.05 pada waktu 24 jam. Kesimpulan: S. mutans-binding salivary protein dari subjek pelari tidak memiliki pengaruh dalam menghambat pertumbuhan biofilm S. gordonii, sedangkan protein saliva dari subjek nonpelari efektif memfasilitasi pada fase maturasi.

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Physical exercise is a strong activator of sympathetic stimuli which may affect salivary secretion by increasing viscosity and concentration of salivary protein, including Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein. Salivary protein may act as antimicrobial agent or may facilitate the growth of biofilm.

Objective: to analyze the impact of S. mutans binding salivary protein from runners and from non runners to biofilm growth of S. gordonii.

Methods: Runners and non runners were selected based on running history and VO2max test. S. mutans binding salivary protein was obtained through the interaction of runners and non runners salivary protein with S. mutans. Biofilm growth assay of S. gordonii ATCC 10558T was conducted using crystal violet staining. The data obtained was statistically tested using One way ANOVA test.

Results: Biofilm growth of S. gordonii in runners group is insignificantly increased p 0.05 either in three hour or twenty four hour incubation. Meanwhile, biofilm growth of S. gordonii in non runners group is significantly increased after twenty four hour incubation p 0.05 .

Conclusion: S. mutans binding salivary protein from runners has no inhibition effect on biofilm growth of S. gordonii, while that from non runners facilitates biofilm growth of S. gordonii at maturation phase. "

"Silver Diamine Fluoride SDF sudah terbukti sebagai cairan yang dijadikan sebagai agen antikaries. Namun Silver Diamine Fluoride dapat meninggalkan noda hitam pada permukaan gigi dimana Silver Diamine Fluoride tersebut diaplikasikan serta menghasilkan rasa metal. Propolis Fluoride adalah salah satu temuan untuk menggantikan Silver Diamine Fluoride sebagai agen antikaries tanpa memiliki efek samping yang sama. Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antimikrobial dari Propolis Fluoride dalam menghamabat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans dan dibandingkan dengan Silver Diamine Fluoride. Terdapat 3 variasi konsentrasi dari Propolis Fluoride yang diuji yaitu 3,3 Ekstrak Propolis 2,139 Fluoride , 6,3 Ekstrak Propolis 2,139 Fluoride , dan 10 Ekstrak Propolis 2,139 Fluoride. Metode: Suspensi S.mutans dikultur di dalam Brain Heart Infusion cair dan dan agar. Lalu suspensi diteteskan ke dalam 96-well plate dan dipaparkan dengan Propolis Fluoride lalu diinkubasi di dalam suasana anaerob selama 20 jam. Dilanjutkan dengan pemaparan kristal violet 0,5 pada 96-well plate dan pembacaan untuk mengukur besarnya Optical Density menggunakan microplate reader dengan gelombang 570 nm. Hasil: Potensi Propolis Fluoride 10 EP 2,139 Fluoride setara dengan potensi Silver Diamine Fluoride 38 . dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans. Hasil uji ANOVA dari Propolis Fluoride 10 EP 2,139 Fluoride p = 0,08. Kesimpulan: Potensi Propolis Fluoride dalam menghambat pembentukan biofilm S.mutans dapat disetarakan dengan potensi inhibisi Silver Diamine Fluoride 38.

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Background: Silver Diamine Fluoride is a liquid that has been proven to be an anti caries agent. But it leaves a black stain on the surface of the teeth where it was aplicated and it also have a metalic taste. Propolis Fluoride is one of the finding to replace Silver Diamine Fluoride as an anti caries agent without having the same side effect.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Propolis Fluoride in inhibiting S.mutans biofilm formation in comparison to Silver Diamine Fluoride. There are three different variant of Propolis Fluoride concentration which is 3,3 Propolis Extract 2,139 Fluoride , 6,3 Propolis Extract 2,139 Fluoride , and 10 Propolis Extract 2,139 Fluoride.

Methods: The suspension of S.mutans were cultured in Brain Heart Infusion broth and agar. Then the suspension was shed into 96 well plate and combined with Propolis Fluoride. Later, 96 well plate were incubated in anaerobic enviroment for 20 hour. Crystal violet 0,5 then shed into the 96 well plate. The amount of biofilm inhibition were evaluated using microplate reader in 570nm wavelength to find the amount of the Optical Density OD. Then the concentration were measure in OD then converted into percentage.

Result: Propolis Fluoride 10 EP 2,139 Fluoride have the same potention in inhibiting biofilm formation of S.mutans as Silver Diamine Fluoride 38. The ANOVA result for the Propolis Fluoride 10 EP 2,139 Fluoride is p 0.08.

Conclusion: The potention of Propolis Fluoride in inhibiting biofilm formation of S.mutans can be compared with Silver Diamine Fluoride."

"Latar belakang : S. mutans merupakan patogen utama penyebab karies. NSF diketahui memiliki sifat antibakterial. Tujuan : Menganalisis pengaruh NSF dalam menghambat virulensi dan pembentukkan biofilm S. mutans. Metode : Suspensi bakteri S. mutans dalam media BHI yang diperkaya sukrosa 0.2 dipaparkan NSF diinkubasi selama 20 jam. Persen inhibisi biofilm dinilai menggunakan uji crystal violet. Hasil : Nilai KHM NSF adalah 2.66 dan nilai KBM 4.16 . NSF mampu menghambat pembentukkan biofilm S. mutans. Kesimpulan : NSF mampu menghambat virulensi dan pembentukkan biofilm S. mutans.

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Background: S. mutans are the primary pathogens that cause caries. NSF known to have antimicrobial properties.

Aim: To analyze the effect of NSF in inhibiting virulence and biofilm formation of S. mutans.

Methods: Bacterial suspension of S. mutans in BHI medium enriched 0.2 sucrose exposed with NSF incubated for 20 hours. Percent inhibition of biofilm was assessed using crystal violet test.

Result: NSF MIC value is 2.66 and MBC value is 4.16 . NSF is able to inhibit biofilm formation of S. mutans.

Conclusion: NSF is able to inhibit virulence and biofilm formation of S.mutans. "

"Latar Belakang: Nano Silver Fluoride NSF memiliki efek antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans bakteri penyebab karies. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh NSF terhadap viabilitas S.mutans dalam berbagai fase pembentukan biofilm. Metode: Biofilm S.mutans diinkubasi selama 4 jam fase adhesi, 12 jam fase akumulasi aktif dan 24 jam fase maturasi pada suhu 37 C. Ketiga model biofilm dipapar NSF dengan konsentrasi Ag 0,4 F- 2,26, Ag 0,9 F- 2,26, Ag 1,4 F- 2,26, Ag 1,9 F- 2,26 selama 1 jam. Persentase viabilitas dinilai dengan menggunakan MTT assay. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna p>0,05 antara viabilitas biofilm pada fase adhesi, fase akumulasi aktif, ataupun fase maturasi. Kesimpulan: NSF mampu menurunkan viabilitas biofilm S.mutans dalam berbagai fase pembentukan.

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Background: Nano Silver Fluoride NSF has antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans that cause dental caries.

Objective: To analyze the effect of NSF on the viability of S.mutans in various phases of biofilm formation.

Methods: S.mutans biofilm was incubated for 4 hours adherence phase, 12 hours active accumulation phase and 24 hours maturation phase at 37 C then exposed by NSF at concentration Ag 0,4 F 2,26, Ag 0,9 F 2,26, Ag 1,4 F 2,26, Ag 1,9 F 2,26 for 1 hour. The percentage of viability was tested with MTT assay.

Result: Biofilm viability of S.mutans in various phases showed no significant difference p 0,05.

Conclusion: NSF can reduce the viability of S.mutans in various phases of biofilm formation."

"Latar Belakang: Propolis fluoride salah satu sediaan yang dapat menghambat perkembangan bakteri penyebab karies. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh propolis fluoride terhadap viabilitas biofilm S. mutans dalam berbagai fase. Metode: Model biofilm S.mutans di inkubasi selama 4 jam fase adesi, 12 jam fase akumulasi aktif, dan 24 jam fase maturasi, kemudian dipaparkan dengan propolis fluoride 3,3 ; 6,6, 10 kelompok perlakuan, dan SDF 38 kelompok kontrol. Analisis Viabilitas biofilm S.mutans dilakukan dengan uji MTT untuk dibaca pada microplate reader. Hasil: Pada pemaparan Propolis 3,3, persentase viabilitas biofilm S.mutans pada fase adesi 14,89 3,19; fase akumulasi aktif 24,37 7,43; dan fase maturasi 21,35 3,06. Pada pemaparan Propolis 6,6, persentase viabilitas biofilm S.mutans pada fase adesi 10,10 2,43; fase akumulasi aktif 20,88 13,17; dan fase maturasi 18,82 4,51. Pada pemaparan Propolis 10, persentase viabilitas biofilm S.mutans pada fase adesi8,04 1,59; fase akumulasi aktif 11,17 8,90; dan fase maturasi 16,75 1,83. Kesimpulan: Propolis fluoride 10 dapat menurunkan viabilitas biofilm S.mutans pada fase adesi.

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Background: Propolis fluoride in one of dosage could inhibit the growth of bacteria that cause caries.

Objective: To analyze the effect of propolis fluoride on the viability of S. mutans biofilm in various phases.

Method: S. mutans biofilm models were incubated for 4 hours adhesion phase, 12 hours active accumulation phase, and 24 hours maturation phase, then presented with propolis fluoride 3.3 6.6, 10 treatment group, and SDF 38 control group. Analysis of S. mutans biofilm viability is tested by MTT in the microplate reader.

Results: Exposure of Propolis Flouride 3.3, the percentage of S. mutans biofilm viability in the adhesion phase is 14.89 3.19 active accumulation phase is 24.37 7.43 and the maturation phase is 21.35 3.06. On exposure of Propolis Flouride 6.6, the percentage of S. mutans biofilm viability in adhesion phase is 10,10 2,43 active accumulation phase is 20.88 13.17 and the maturation phase is 18.82 4.51. On exposure of Propolis Fluoride 10, the percentage of S. mutans biofilm viability in the phase of adhesion is 8.04 1.59 active accumulation phase is 11.17 8.90 and the phase of maturation is 16.75 1.83.

Conclusion: Propolis fluoride 10 could reduced the viability of S. mutans biofilm in adhesion phase."

"Latar Belakang : Karies gigi merupakan penyakit gigi dan mulut yang sering ditemukan di Indonesia. Diperlukan upaya alternatif pencegahan, yang dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggabungkan dua bahan aktif CPP-ACP dan lilin propolis dalam satu sediaan permen karet bebas gula dengan lima konsentrasi yang berbeda (0% Prop, 0% CPP-ACP ; 0% Prop + CPP-ACP ; 2% Prop + CPPACP ; 4% Prop + CPP-ACP ; dan 6% Prop + CPP-ACP).Tujuan : Menganalisis kadar pelepasan ion kalsium dan fosfat oleh CPP-ACP untuk mendukung remineralisasi dan keefektifan lilin propolis dalam menekan pembentukan massa biofilm S.mutans pada subjek bebas karies serta melihat apakah kedua bahan aktif ini efektif jika digabungkan dalam satu sediaan permen karet bebas gula.Metode : 25 sampel saliva bebas karies sebelum dan sesudah simulasi pengunyahan lima konsentrasi permen karet in vitro dilakukan uji pelepasan ion kalsium dan fosfat serta uji biofilm. Pelepasan ion kalsium dideteksi menggunakan AAS, ion fosfat menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-VIS, dan uji biofilm menggunakan uji crystal violet 96-well plate ELISA dan dibaca menggunakan microplate reader.Hasil : Permen karet CPP-ACP-Propolis dengan konsentrasi 0% Prop + CPP-ACP menunjukkan kadar pelepasan ion kalsium (p≤0,05) dan fosfat (p>0,05) tertinggi dan signifikan dalam menekan pembentukan massa biofilm S.mutans (p≤0,05).Simpulan : Terjadi peningkatan kadar ion kalsium dan fosfat pada saliva bebas karies, serta, penurunan massa biofilm S.mutans setelah pengunyahan permen karet CPP-ACP-Propolis.

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Background: Dental caries is an oral disease commonly found in Indonesia. Alternative prevention are needed, which in this research is going to be combining two active components which are CPP-ACP and propolis wax into one substance of sugar-free chewing gum with five different concentrations (0% Prop, 0% CPPACP ; 0% Prop + CPP-ACP ; 2% Prop + CPP-ACP ; 4% Prop + CPP-ACP ; and 6% Prop + CPP-ACP).Objectives: To analyze the amount of calcium and phosphate ion released by CPP-ACP to support the remineralization and to analyze the effectiveness of propolis wax in suppressing the mass formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm in caries-free subjects and also observing if these two active components are effective when combined into one substance of sugarfree chewing gum.Methods: 25 samples of caries-free saliva before and after the mastication simulation (five concentrations of chewing gum) in vitro, observed the release of calcium and phosphate ion along with a biofilm assay. The release of calcium ion is detected using AAS, while phosphate ion using the Spectrophotometry UV-VIS, and the biofilm assay using the crystal violet 96-well plate ELISA and evaluated with a microplate reader.Result: Chewing gum with a concentration of 0% Prop + CPP-ACP has shown the highest release level of calcium (p<0,05) and phosphate ion (p>0,05) and is significant in suppressing the mass formation of S.mutans biofilm (p<0,05).Conclusion: Increased calcium and phosphate ion level in caries-free saliva and decreased of S.mutans biofilm mass after mastication simulation of CPP-ACP-Propolis chewing gum are detected."