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"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Berdasarkan RISKESDAS 2013 sebanyak 28,9 anak kelompok usia 5-9 tahun yang memiliki masalah gigi, hanya 35,1 yang menerima perawatan. Penyakit gigi dan mulut yang paling sering terjadi adalah karies gigi, sehingga butuh bahan yang dapat berfungsi sebagai perawatan karies gigi anak yang mudah diaplikasikan dan terjangkau. Tujuan: Diketahuinya perbandingan aktivitas karies dentin sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi propolis fluoride serta hubungannya dengan indeks plak. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi eksperimental tanpa randomisasi menggunakan data sekunder dengan metode pengambilan sampel convenience sampling. Sebanyak 183 subjek yang memiliki karies dentin dilakukan pengolesan propolis fluoride dan pemeriksaan indeks plak. Evaluasi pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah 1 bulan. Hasil: terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai median karies dentin aktif sebelum 4 permukaan/anak dan setelah 1 bulan 1 permukaan/anak diaplikasikan Propolis Fluoride. Secara statistik terdapat korelasi berpola negatif yang signifikan p=0,015 dan r=-0,177 antara indeks plak dengan persentase karies terhenti. Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara aktivitas karies dentin sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi propolis fluoride serta terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan indeks plak.

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ABSTRACTBackground According to Basic Health Research from 28,9 children aged 5 9 who had dental problems, only 35,1 children received treatment. Dental caries is the most prevalent dental problem, therefore treatment of dental caries that are easy to apply and affordable is needed. Objective The purpose of the study was to determine the comparison of dentine caries activity before and after propolis fluoride application and the correlation with plaque index. Method Design of the study was experimental study nonrandom using secondary data with convenience sampling method. A total of 183 subjects whose teeth have active dentine caries were smeared by propolis fluoride and plaque index were examined. Follow up examination were carried out after 1 month. Results There was a significant difference between the median value of active dentine caries before 4 surfaces children and after 1 month 1 surface children applicated by propolis fluoride. Statistically, there was a significant negative correlation p 0,015 and r 0,177 between plaque index with arrested dentine caries percentage. Conclusion There was a significant difference between dentine caries activity before and after propolis fluoride application and there was a significant correlation with plaque index.Keywords dentine caries plaque index propolis fluoride."

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara indeks plak terhadap efikasi Propolis Fluoride dalam menghambat aktivitas karies. Metode: 246 anak dengan karies aktif pada anak usia 36-71 bulan diaplikasikan Propolis Fluoride. 149 anak merupakan kelompok perlakuan dengan diberi perlakuan sikat gigi serta edukasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut rutin. Sedangkan 97 anak merupakan kelompok kontrol hanya diberi edukasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada saat baseline. Evaluasi pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah 3 bulan untuk menilai persentase karies yang menjadi arrested dan hubungannya dengan indeks plak. Hasil: Pada saat evaluasi 3 bulan persentase karies arrested pada kelompok perlakuan 62,44 sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 46,18. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna rata-rata indeks plak dan jumlah karies aktif antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan bernilai negatif antara indeks plak dan persentase karies arrested. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan bernilai positif antara skor tindakan dan persentase karies arrested. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara indeks plak dan efikais Propolis Fluoride dalam menghambat aktivitas karies.

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Objective To determine the relationship between plaque index and efficacy of propolis fluoride in inhibiting caries activity. Method 246 children aged 36 71 month were applied Propolis Fluoride on every tooth surface that has active caries. 149 children are intervention group, they have been treated toothbrushing program and give them routine Dental Health Education. 97 children are control group only have been given Dental Health Education on the baseline. The evaluation and examination were conducted after 3 months to measure the percentage of arrested caries and the correlation with plaque index. Result At the 3 months evaluation, the percentage of arrested caries for both group of intervention and control were 62,44 and 46,18 respectively. There was a significant difference in mean plaque index and the number of active caries between two groups. There was a significant correlation between the plaque index and the percentage of arrested caries. There was a significant correlation between the behavior score and the percentage of arrested caries. Both correlation has negative and positive value respectively. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between plaque index and efficacy of Propolis fluoride in inhibiting caries activity."

"Latar Belakang: Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) dan Propolis Fluoride (PPF) merupakan varnish yang memiliki sifat antibakteri dan dapat mencegah demineralisasi dan memicu remineralisasi Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kekerasan dentin setelah aplikasi varnish SDF dan PPF selama 30 hari dan 60 hari. Metode: Enam spesimen dentin gigi premolar dengan ukuran 4x4x2 mm diaplikasikan varnish SDF (38%) dan PPF (10%) kemudian setiap spesimen direndam dalam tube berisi aquadem lalu dikocok dengan kecepatan 45 rpm selama 30 menit setiap hari. Dan dilakukan uji kekerasan menggunakan Vickers microhardness tester setelah 30 dan 60 hari. Hasil: Nilai kekerasan dentin setelah 30 hari aplikasi SDF ialah 67 ± 2,83 VHN dan PPF ialah 61,00 ± 2,44 VHN. Sedangkan nilai kekerasan dentin setelah 60 hari aplikasi SDF ialah 69,00 ± 2,82 VHN dan PPF ialah 73,25 ± 1,71 VHN. Kesimpulan: Varnish SDF dan PPF efektif meningkatkan kekerasan dentin.

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Background: Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Propolis Fluoride (PPF) had antibacterial properties on silver and propolis contents. The fluoride content present in both varnishes could inhibit demineralization and promote remineralization Objective: This study analyzed the dentin microhardness after 30 and 60 days application of Sodium diamine fluoride (SDF) and propolis fluoride (PPF). Methods: Six dentin blocks were allocated and divided into control groups and treatment groups with SDF (38%) and PPF (10%). Each dentin block in the treatment group received a topical application of various fluoridebased varnishes and was submerged in aquadem and shaken for 30 minutes at 45 rpm every day. The dentin hardness was analyzed by a Vickers microhardness tester. Results: Dentin microhardness after 30 days application of SDF varnish was 67 ± 2,83 VHN and PPF varnish was 61,00 ± 2,44 VHN. While, Dentin microhardness after 60 days application of SDF varnish was 69,00 ± 2,82 VHN and PPF varnish was 73,25 ± 1,71 VHN Conclusion: SDF and PPF were effective for dentin remineralization and increase dentin microhardness."

"Tujuan: Diketahuinya perbandingan efektiftas aplikasi silver diamine fluoride dengan propolis fluoride dalam menghambat karies gigi sulung. Metode: 224 anak usia 4-5 tahun dengan karies dentin aktif dialokasikan secara random pada satu diantara 3 kelompok perlakuan untuk pengobatan lesi karies dentin gigi sulung: Kelompok 1- Aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride, Kelompok 2- Aplikasi Propolis Fluoride, dan Kelompok 3- Kontrol. Evaluasi pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah 7 hari, 1 bulan dan 3 bulan untuk menilai banyaknya lesi karies yang menjadi terhenti. Hasil: Setelah 3 bulan, 163 (72,8%) anak menyelesaikan penelitian. Persentase karies yang menjadi terhenti adalah 88,68%, 55,78% dan 2,13% untuk Kelompok 1, Kelompok 2 dan Kelompok 3. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride atau Propolis Fluoride efektif menghambat lesi karies gigi sulung. Silver Diamine Fluoride lebih efektif dalam menghambat lesi karies dibanding Propolis Fluoride, tetapi Propolis Fluoride memiliki keunggulan tidak membuat perubahan warna gigi menjadi hitam.

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Objective: To compare the effectiveness of topical application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution and topical application of propolis fluoride in arresting active dentine caries in primary teeth.

Methods: A total of 224 children, aged 3-4 years, were randomly allocated to one of three groups for treatment of carious dentine cavities in their primary teeth: group 1- application of SDF, group 2 ? application of Propolis Fluoride, group 3 ? control. Follow-up examinations were carried out 7 days, 1 month and 3 months to assess whether the treated caries lesions had become arrested.

Results: After 3 months follow up, 163 (72,8%) children remained in the study. The caries arrest rates were 88,68%, 55,78% dan 2,13% for group 1, group 2 and group 3.

Conclusion: Application of SDF solution or Propolis Fluoride solution can arrest active dentine caries. Topical application of SDF is more effective than Propolis Fluoride in inhibiting caries lesions progression, but Propolis Fluoride has the advantage that the arrested caries lesion will not turn black in colour like SDF."

"Streptococcus mutans merupakan mikroorganisme yang berkoloni pada permukaan gigi dan membentuk plak penyebab utama terjadinya karies. Salah satu bentuk upaya pencegahan karies yaitu dengan cara menggosok gigi secara teratur menggunakan pasta gigi yang mengandung lilin propolis. Lilin propolis merupakan residu dari proses pean propolis lebah madu yang memiliki kandungan antibakteri. Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas pasta gigi dengan kandungan lilin propolis terhadap pertumbuhan koloni Streptococcus mutans dan pembentukan plak dan membandingkannya dengan pasta gigi yang mengandung propolis. Metode: Sebanyak 24 subjek karies yang diinstruksikan menyikat gigi 2 kali sehari dan tidak melakukan prosedur kebersihan mulut lainnya. Plak gigi diukur menggunakan indeks plak Sillness-Loe dan sampel plak diambil dari permukaan bukal gigi insisif atas subjek karies sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan pasta gigi selama 7 hari, selanjutnya dibiakan pada media agar TYS20B selama 2x24 jam, kemudian dilakukan penghitungan jumlah koloni S.mutans yang dihitung dalam CFU/ml. Hasil: Pasta gigi lilin propolis dapat menurunkan jumlah koloni Streptococcus mutans dan indeks plak gigi. Secara statistik terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara jumlah koloni S.mutans dan indeks plak sebelum dan sesudah pemakaian pasta gigi dan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara penggunaan pasta gigi yang mengandung lilin propolis dan propolis. Kesimpulan: Pasta gigi lilin propolis berpotensi sebagai alternatif pencegahan karies gigi.

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Streptococcus mutans is a microorganism that colonizes on the tooth surface and forms plaque which is the main cause of caries. One form of prevention of caries is by tooth brushing regularly with toothpaste containing propolis wax. Propolis wax is a residue from the purification process of pure honey bee propolis which has antibacterial contents.

Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of toothpaste containing propolis wax on growth of Streptococcus mutans and dental plaque formation and compare it with toothpaste containing propolis in caries patient.

Methods: 24 caries subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily refrain from any other oral hygiene procedures. The plaque was measured using the Sillness Loe plaque index and plaque samples were collected from subjects buccal surface upper incisors before and after using toothpaste for 7 days, subsequently cultured on TYS20B agar medium for 2x24 hours then counting the number of colonies of S.mutans in CFU ml.

Results: In this study toothpaste containing propolis wax can decrease the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies and dental plaque index. There is a significant difference between the amount of S.mutans colony and plaque index before and after using toothpaste.

Conclusion: The use of toothpaste containing propolis wax has the potential as an alternative to prevention of dental caries."

"Tujuan. Menganalisis efek aplikasi NSF dan PPF terhadap remineralisasi dentin melalui uji kristalinitas.Metode. Dentin blok dibagi dalam sembilan kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol positif dan negatif dan tujuh kelompok perlakuan. Kontrol negatif merupakan dentin normal dan kontrol positif merupakan dentin yang didemineralisasi. Kelompok perlakuan diaplikasikan NSF dan PPF dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Karakteristik kristal dari seluruh dentin blok diuji oleh X-Ray Diffraction XRD.Hasil. Gambaran XRD memperlihatkan senyawa apatit, senyawa kalsium, dan senyawa logam dalam kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol positif.Kesimpulan. NSF dan PPF efektif terhadap remineralisasi dentin.

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To analyze the effects of NSF and PPF application to dentin remineralization by crystallinity test.

Method. Dentin blocks were allocated to nine groups, control groups positive and negative and seven treatment groups. Control negative is sound dentin and control positive is demineralized dentin. The treatment groups were applied of NSF and PPF with different concentration. The crystal characteristics of dentin blocks were investigated by X Ray Diffraction XRD.

Result. XRD revealed precipitates of apatite compounds, calcium compounds, and metal compounds in treatment groups higher than in control positive group.

Conclusion. NSF and PPF were effective for dentin remineralization. "

"Perkembangan karies gigi terkait erat dengan karakter kariogenik Streptococcus mutans, yang menyebabkan pembentukan plak gigi. Propolis dilaporkan sebagai agen antibakteri karena mengandung flavonoid yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Lilin propolis adalah residu dari ekstrak propolis yang masih mengandung flavonoid. Tujuan: Menganalisis efektivitas pasta gigi dengan kandungan lilin propolis terhadap pertumbuhan koloni Streptococcus mutans dan penurunan indeks plak dan membandingkannya dengan pasta gigi yang mengandung propolis. Metode: 24 subjek bebas karies diinstruksikan untuk menyikat gigi dua kali sehari menggunakan pasta gigi uji selama 7 hari dan tidak melakukan pembersihan gigi selain sikat gigi. Dilakukan pemeriksaan sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan pasta gigi uji. Akumulasi plak dihitung menggunakan indeks plak Silness-Loe. Sampel plak dikumpulkan dari permukaan bukal insisif atas untuk penghitungan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji Wilcoxon dan uji Kruskal Wallis. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara penggunaan pasta gigi dengan kandungan lilin propolis dan propolis. Kesimpulan: Pasta gigi dengan kandungan lilin propolis dan pasta gigi dengan kandungan propolis memiliki efek antibakteri pada Streptococcus mutans, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan dalam pasta gigi untuk mencegah karies gigi.

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The development of dental caries was closely associated with Streptococcus mutans, which leads to the forming of dental plaque. Propolis has been reported as a potent antimicrobial material by containing flavonoids those can inhibit growth of Streptococcus mutans. Propolis wax is a residue of propolis extract that still contains flavonoids.

Aim: To analyze the effect of toothpaste containing propolis wax on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and formation of dental plaque in free caries subjects and to compare it with toothpaste containing propolis.

Methods: 24 subjects were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily using the assigned toothpaste and refrain from any other oral hygiene procedures throughout the duration of the study. The patients were examined at the first visit as baseline record and after 7 days for comparison. The plaque accumulation were scored using Silness Loe Plaque Index. Plaque samples were collected from buccal surface upper incisors for bacterial count. The data was statistically analyzed using Wilcoxon test and Kruskal Wallis test.

Results: No statistically significant difference was noted between propolis wax and propolis groups.

Conclusion: Both toothpastes have good antimicrobial effect on caries producing bacteria Streptococcus mutans, thus can be used in patients as a regular home care preventive aid in combating dental caries."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efektifitas SDF dalam menghambataktivitas karies gigi sulung serta melihat hubungan keadaan intraoral dengankeefektifitasan SDF dalam menghambat aktivitas karies gigi sulung pada anak. 115anak karies dentin aktif pada anak 2,5-6 tahun diaplikasikan SDF, selanjutnyadievaluasi setelah 3 dan 10 bulan dan keadaan intraoral diperiksa. Evaluasi setelah 10bulan menunjukkan 69,7% permukaan karies aktif menjadi terhenti. Uji statistikmenunjukkan karies aktif yang diaplikasikan SDF memiliki peluang 9.9 kali menjaditerhenti setelah 3 bulan, dan 6.4 kali setelah 10 bulan. Serta terdapat korelasi negatifbermakna secara statistik antara pulpitis dan skor pufa dengan keberhasilanintervensi SDF.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of SDF ininhibiting dental caries activity on primary teeth and find the relationship betweenintraoral situation with effectiveness of SDF in inhibiting childhood caries activity.115 children 2,5-6 years were applicated SDF on teeth that have active dentin caries,and then evaluated after 3 and 10 months. Intraoral state was examined. Evaluationafter 10 months showed 69.7% surface active caries to be arrested. The statistical testshowed that the active caries applied SDF have chance 9.9 times becoming arrestedafter 3 months, and 6.4 times after 10 months. There is a negative correlationstatistical significance of pulpitis and PUFA index with SDF intervention success."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Karies gigi merupakan penyakit multifaktor yang disebabkan oleh interaksi komplek biofilm dengan sumber karbohidrat yang menempel di permukaan gigi. Salah satu proses yang terjadi pada email gigi untuk terbentuknya karies adalah proses demineralisasi gigi yang terjadi secara dominan dibandingkan dengan proses remineralisasi. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah karies adalah dengan pengaplikasian bahan remineralisasi seperti propolis fluorida dan natrium fluorida. Penggunaan bahan remineralisasi ini dapat meningkatkan kekerasan email. Tujuan: Membandingkan peningkatan kekerasan email setelah pengaplikasian bahan remineralisasi propolis fluorida dan natrium fluorida. Metode: 32 sampel gigi premolar dibagi menjadi kelompok propolis fluorida dan natrium fluorida. Seluruh spesimen ditanam di dalam pipa paralon dan dilakukan penghalusan dan pemolesan. Seluruh spesimen dilakukan tes kekerasan awal. Kemudian dilakukan demineralisasi dengan menggunakan Buavita® (pH 3,85). Setelah itu spesimen diukur kekerasannya, kemudian diaplikasikan propolis fluorida dan natrium fluorida dan direndam dalam saliva buatan selama 3 hari. Setelah itu dilakukan pengukuran kekerasan akhir dan dibandingkan secara statistik. Hasil: Natrium Fluorida lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kekerasan email dibandingkan dengan Propolis Fluorida, dan juga terdapat perbedaan bermakna kekerasan gigi yang telah didemineralisasi dan kekerasan email gigi setelah diaplikasi bahan remineralisasi. Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara peningkatan kekerasan email pada pengaplikasian propolis fluorida dan natrium fluorida.

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ABSTRACT

Background: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of the biofilm complex with carbohydrate sources attached to the surface of the teeth. One process that occurs in tooth enamel for caries formation is the process of tooth demineralization that occurs predominantly compared to the remineralization process. Efforts that can be made to prevent caries are by applying remineralization materials such as propolis fluoride and sodium fluoride. The use of remineralization materials can increase the hardness of email. Objective: Compares increased enamel hardness after application of propolis fluoride and sodium fluoride remineralization materials. Methods: 32 premolar tooth samples were divided into propolis fluoride and sodium fluoride groups. All specimens were planted in paralon pipes and finalized and polished. All specimens were subjected to initial hardness tests. Then demineralization was done using Buavita® (pH 3.85). After that the specimens were measured hardness, then propolis fluoride and sodium fluoride were applied and soaked in artificial saliva for 3 days. After that, the final violence measurement and compared statistically. Results: Sodium Fluoride is more effective in increasing the hardness compared with Propolis Fluoride, and there were also significant differences in demineralized tooth enamel and tooth enamel hardness after remineralization.. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between increasing enamel hardness when applying propolis fluoride and sodium fluoride."