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"Makalah ini menelaah pentingnya hibriditas sosial-budaya dalam proses perkembangan arsitektur dan kota melalui perspektif kolonialisme dan multikulturalisme. Sebagai hasil interaksi dinamis selama berabad-abad antara beberapa kelompok etnis termasuk Melayu, Cina, dan Eropa, Muntok yang menjadi ibukota pulau Bangka sebelum abad ke-20 menawarkan ragam bentuk bangunan dan pola kota yang unik. Jangkauan makalah ini memfokuskan pada perpotongan antara sejarah kolonial dan hibriditas itu sendiri, yaitu melalui representasi material budaya. Metode riset dilakukan melalui kombinasi antara pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif, termasuk wawancara, koleksi data dan analisis tipologi. Hibriditas menjadi alat kritikal untuk mengungkapkan proses dinamis pada arsitektur dan kota. Riset ini menemukan bahwa arsitektur hibrid tidak hanya tentang keberadaan aspek-aspek fisik dari bangunan, tapi juga paling penting adalah integrasi dan hubungan dialektikal antara materialitas dan proses sosial-budaya di belakangnya.

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This paper concerns the importance of socio-cultural hybridity in the process of architecture and urban development. It confronts spatial particularity occurring between the discourses of colonialism and multiculturalism. As a result of centuries of dynamic interaction amongst several ethnic groups including Malay, Chinese and European, Muntok as the colonial capital town of Bangka Island before 20thcentury offers various architectural edifices and urban forms. The scope of this paper focuses on the intersection between colonial history and hybridity itself and the research analyses its material represent through architecture and urban form. The methods of the research are conducted through a combination of a qualitative and a quantitative approach involving direct interviews, data collection, and typological analysis. Hybridity becomes a critical tool to reveal the dynamic process of architecture and urbanism. The research found that hybrid architecture is not only about the existence of physical aspects of buildings, but also most importantly about the integration and dialectical relationship between its materiality and the socio-cultural processes that lie behind it."

"Makalah ini menelaah pentingnya hibriditas sosial-budaya dalam proses perkembangan arsitektur dan kota melalui perspektif kolonialisme dan multikulturalisme. Sebagai hasil interaksi dinamis selama berabad-abad antara beberapa kelompok etnis termasuk Melayu, Cina, dan Eropa, Muntok yang menjadi ibukota pulau Bangka sebelum abad ke-20 menawarkan ragam bentuk bangunan dan pola kota yang unik. Jangkauan makalah ini memfokuskan pada perpotongan antara sejarah kolonial dan hibriditas itu sendiri, yaitu melalui representasi material budaya. Metode riset dilakukan melalui kombinasi antara pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif, termasuk wawancara, koleksi data dan analisis tipologi. Hibriditas menjadi alat kritikal untuk mengungkapkan proses dinamis pada arsitektur dan kota. Riset ini menemukan bahwa arsitektur hibrid tidak hanya tentang keberadaan aspek-aspek fisik dari bangunan, tapi juga paling penting adalah integrasi dan hubungan dialektikal antara materialitas dan proses sosial-budaya di belakangnya.

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This paper concerns the importance of socio-cultural hybridity in the process of architecture and urban development. It confronts spatial particularity occurring between the discourses of colonialism and multiculturalism. As a result of centuries of dynamic interaction amongst several ethnic groups including Malay, Chinese and European, Muntok as the colonial capital town of Bangka Island before 20thcentury offers various architectural edifices and urban forms. The scope of this paper focuses on the intersection between colonial history and hybridity itself and the research analyses its material represent through architecture and urban form. The methods of the research are conducted through a combination of a qualitative and a quantitative approach involving direct interviews, data collection, and typological analysis. Hybridity becomes a critical tool to reveal the dynamic process of architecture and urbanism. The research found that hybrid architecture is not only about the existence of physical aspects of buildings, but also most importantly about the integration and dialectical relationship between its materiality and the socio-cultural processes that lie behind it."

"Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengungkap fenomena alienasi di Kota Lama Padang, sebuah kawasan yang kaya dengan warisan kolonialisme namun kini terbengkalai. Menggunakan teori alienasi Karl Marx dan produksi ruang Henri Lefebvre, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana arsitektur kolonial yang megah kini menjadi simbol keterasingan (alienasi). Kota Padang, yang dulunya menjadi pusat kejayaan kolonial Belanda, kini dipenuhi bangunan bersejarah yang tidak terawat dan terlupakan. Studi ini menggali perjalanan Kota Padang dari masa awal pembentukannya hingga masa kolonial, menyoroti bagaimana ruang-ruang tersebut pernah menjadi simbol kekuasaan dan dominasi. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan bangunan-bangunan kolonial mengalami keterasingan, berubah menjadi objek yang terbengkalai.

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This study reveals the phenomenon of alienation in Kota Lama Padang (the Old Town of Padang), an area rich in colonial heritage that has now become neglected. Utilizing Karl Marx's theory of alienation and Henri Lefebvre's theory of the production of space, this research analyses how the once grand colonial architecture has become a symbol of alienation. Padang, formerly a centre of colonial glory for the Dutch, is now filled with historic buildings that are poorly maintained and forgotten. This study traces Padang's journey from its early formation to the colonial period, highlighting how these spaces once symbolised power and domination. This research explores the factors that have caused colonial buildings to experience alienation, transforming them into neglected objects."

"In her research Yulia Nurliani Lukito analyses modernity and the construction of culture by the authorities using the images of Indonesian vernacular architecture presented at three different sites and times. She argues that modernity is not solely constructed by the authorities, rather it is an ongoing process modified by visitors of exhibitions. Pasar Gambir was a laboratory of modernity for the colony, and an important stage in modernizing and negotiating cultural and social conditions in the colony. The Dutch Pavilion at the 1931 colonial exhibition became a moment when the Indies heritages played a role in marking colonial territory. Modern ethnographic park of Taman Mini gives a way to the making of an official 'authentic' culture and suppresses the previous Dutch construction of the Indies culture. Contents · Pasar Gambir of Batavia: Hybrid Architecture and Space of Encounter for the Indies People · The Dutch Pavilion at the 1931 International Colonial Exhibition in Paris: Contrasting Authenticity and Modernity · Taman Mini Indonesia Indah: the Rebirth of Indonesian Vernacular Architecture after Independence Target Groups · Lecturers and students of the social sciences especially in history and theory of architecture · Readers who are interested in cultural studies, architecture, history, and modernity The Author Yulia Nurliani Lukito received her doctorate degree in Theory of Architecture from RWTH Aachen. Her research interests are theory and history of architecture, modernity, and Indonesian vernacular architecture. "

"Economic growth in Indonesia has been accompanied by technical advancement and increasing environmental awareness. This paper describes how Koba Tin has sought to maintain its position as one of the world's lowest unit cost producers of tin whilst simultaneously recognizing its responsibility to minimize the impact of its mining activity on the environment."

"Penelitian ini adalah penelitian arsitektur dengan pendekatan sejarah terhadap Rumah Mayor Cina Muntok. Rumah ini menghadirkan perpaduan arsitektur kolonial Indische Empire dan tradisional Cina, siheyuan; yang masing-masing memiliki dasar pemikiran berbeda terkait kebudayaan yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini mendokumentasikan arsitektur dan ornamen rumah, kemudian menganalisisnya dengan bantuan literatur dan teori terkait. Penelitian terhadap Tjoeng A Tiam yang diatribusikan sebagai pendiri dilakukan atas dasar karya seni dan ornamen yang terpajang dalam dekorasi rumah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa aspek dalam arsitektur dapat menampilkan bagaimana kedua kebudayaan tersebut bersanding sekaligus menyesuaikan dengan kondisi alam setempat. Pengetahuan yang tergali dari objek diharapkan dapat turut membantu sebagai referensi dalam proses pelestarian objek di masa depan

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This is an architectural research with historical approach on the Chinese Mayor Mansion in Muntok. The mansion's architecture is a combination of Colonial Indische Empire, and Chinese traditional siheyuan each with their own background culture. This research documented the mansion's architecture and decorations, which are then analysed using architectural and cultural literatures. Research on Tjoeng A Tiam, the name attributed as owner, is done through arts and ornaments available in the mansion. The result is the identification of the object's architecture that portrays the combination of both architecture style as well as their adjustments to the local environment. The information is expected to be used as reference for future conservation project of this object."