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"Penurunan produktivitas reservoar migas adalah masalah yang dihadapi lapangan produksi minyak dan gas bumi. Enhanced Oil Recovery EOR dengan waterflooding merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan sebagai solusi untuk mempertahankan produksi dengan menjaga tekanan reservoar. Pemodelan pore pressure yang akurat dapat membantu dalam melakukan upaya waterflooding. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan geomekanika reservoar lapangan migas yang berada di Cekungan Sumatera Utara dengan melakukan proses pemfilteran data sumur sebagai langkah awal untuk membangun model pore pressure yang akurat. Wilayah studi penelitian ini adalah lapangan produksi tua di Cekungan Sumatra Utara. Lapangan ini memiliki banyak data sumur produksi. Data sumur tersebut harus dipilih yang masih cocok dengan data seismik yang tersedia untuk membangun model pore pressure yang akurat. Penggunaan pore pressure model memungkinkan semua informasi yang berkaitan dengan geomekanika pengeboran dan produksi dapat diamati. Data tekanan sumur yang diukur dalam reservoar telah disaring untuk membangun model. Dalam penelitian ini telah diintegrasikan data seismik tiga dimensi 3D dalam membangun distribusi model yang mencakup sebagian besar area lapangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan lebih dari 100 data sumur yang telah berproduksi lebih dari 40 tahun. Tahap filtering menghasilkan 43 sumur untuk membangun model log pore pressure satu dimensi. Model pore pressure tersebut didistribusikan dengan data seismik 3D yang disajikan dalam parameter akustik impedansi. Hasil model menunjukkan bahwa ada variasi parameter pore pressure di lapangan ini, yang merupakan sumber informasi penting dalam melakukan upaya waterflooding yang sukses di masa yang akan datang.

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Reservoir depletion is a problem faced by mature oil and gas production fields. Enhanced Oil Recovery EOR by waterflooding is one of solutions to maintain the reservoir pressure. An accurate pore pressure model can be helpful in performing a successful waterflooding. This thesis aims to model the geomechanics of oil and gas reservoir which is located in the North Sumatra Basin by performing well data filtering as a first step to build an accurate pore pressure model.

The study area of this research is a mature production field in North Sumatra Basin that has been depleted for many years. This field has many production well data. These well data must be filtered based on the pressure changes from seismic data acquisition as a reference in order to construct an accurate pore pressure model. The use of pore pressure model allows all information related to geomechanics of drilling and production can be observed.

In this study, the pore pressure was distributed throughout the field that was guided by 3D seismic data. 100 productive wells that have been performed for more than 40 years of production are used, which was applied to the filtering. The filtering stage resulted in 43 wells to construct one dimensional pore pressure model, which was integrated to the 3D seismic data presented in acoustic impedance parameter. The model shows that there are variations of the geomechanical parameter on the field which is a helpful information in performing a successful waterflooding project in the future."

"Lapangan "IM" merupakan salah satu lapangan eksplorasi minyak dan gas bumi yang berada di Cekungan Sumatera Utara. Telah teridentifikasi sebelumnya bahwa pada lapangan ini ditemukan hidrokarbon berupa gas condensate. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengarakterisasi reservoir dalam hal persebaran litologi dan kandungan fluidanya. Penelitian mencakup target reservoir karbonat yang berada pada Middle Miocene Malacca Limestone. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu data seismik 3D dan dua data sumur. Metode inversi simultan diterapkan untuk mengolah data agar tujuan penelitian dapat tercapai. Metode inversi simultan menghasilkan model Impedansi P (Zp), Impedansi S (Zs), dan Densitas. Didapatkan hasil pada reservoir gas nilai impedansi P (Zp) sekitar 16542-18917 (ft/s*g/cc) dan impedansi S (Zs) sekitar 8375 (ft/s*g/cc) sedangkan pada reservoir air nilai impedansi P (Zp) sebesar 21292-23667 (ft/s*g/cc) dan impedansi S (Zs) sekitar 18500-20525 (ft/s*g/cc). Hasil tersebut kemudian ditransformasi menjadi parameter Lame. Parameter Lame merupakan parameter elastik yang terdiri dari Lambda-Rho dan Mu-Rho. Masing-masing parameter tersebut menjelaskan mengenai sifat inkompressibilitas fluida dan kekakuan batuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persebaran reservoir yang memiliki arah orientasi Barat Laut-Tenggara.

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The "IM" field is an oil and gas exploration field located in the North Sumatra Basin. It was previously identified that in this field hydrocarbons were found in the form of gas condensate. This study aims to characterize the reservoir in terms of lithological distribution and fluid content. The research includes carbonate reservoir targets located in Middle Miocene Malacca Limestone. The data used in this study are 3D seismic data and two well data. Simultaneous inversion method is applied to process data so that research objectives can be achieved. The simultaneous inversion method produces P-Impedance (Zp), S-Impedance (Zs), and Density models. The results show that in the gas reservoir the P (Zp) impedance value is around 16542-18917 (ft/s*g/cc) and the S (Zs) impedance is around 8375 (ft/s*g/cc) while in the water reservoir the P impedance value (Zp ) of 21292-23667 (ft/s*g/cc) and the impedance S (Zs) is around 18500-20525 (ft/s*g/cc). The results are then transformed into the Lame parameter. The Lame parameter is an elastic parameter consisting of Lambda-Rho and Mu-Rho. Each of these parameters explains the fluid incompressibility and rock stiffness. The results showed that the reservoir distribution had an North West-South East orientation."

"[Lapangan FTM sebagai lapangan minyak dan gas bumi. Pada lapangan FTMterdapat dua reservoir gas dan reservoir minyak, yaitu formasi Minahaki danFormasi Tomori. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada formasi Tomori dengan litologibatuan karbonat dan merupakan reservoir minyak yang berumur Miocene Akhir.Stuktur ini terbentuk oleh sesar mendatar (Trust fault) dengan sudut kecil yangberarah NE-SW.Identifikasi hidrokarbon pada studi ini didasarkan pada hasil metode dekomposisispektral. Metode dekomposisi spektral berbasis ISA dan CWT digunakan untukanalisa anomali frekuensi rendah. Anomali frekuensi rendah berasosiasi adanyahidrokarbon. Analisa petrofisika pada lapangan FTM pada daerah hidrokarbonmempunyai porositas yang bagus dan saturasi air yang kecil.Hasil dari pemetaan zona prospek hidrokarbon dan analisa petrofisika inidiharapkan bisa dilakukan delineasi zona prospek untuk kepentingan surveyseismik lebih lanjut dan acuan untuk proses pemboran.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process., FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil andgas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namelythe formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on theformation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir LateMiocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a smallangle of the NE - SW trending.Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectraldecomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysisFTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis isexpected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismicsurveys and drilling of reference for the process.]"

"[Lapangan FTM sebagai lapangan minyak dan gas bumi. Pada lapangan FTM terdapat dua reservoir gas dan reservoir minyak, yaitu formasi Minahaki dan Formasi Tomori. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada formasi Tomori dengan litologi batuan karbonat dan merupakan reservoir minyak yang berumur Miocene Akhir. Stuktur ini terbentuk oleh sesar mendatar (Trust fault) dengan sudut kecil yang berarah NE-SW. Identifikasi hidrokarbon pada studi ini didasarkan pada hasil metode dekomposisi spektral. Metode dekomposisi spektral berbasis ISA dan CWT digunakan untukanalisa anomali frekuensi rendah. Anomali frekuensi rendah berasosiasi adanya hidrokarbon. Analisa petrofisika pada lapangan FTM pada daerah hidrokarbon mempunyai porositas yang bagus dan saturasi air yang kecil. Hasil dari pemetaan zona prospek hidrokarbon dan analisa petrofisika ini diharapkan bisa dilakukan delineasi zona prospek untuk kepentingan survey seismik lebih lanjut dan acuan untuk proses pemboran.

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FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small angle of the NE - SW trending.

Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly. Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.

Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic surveys and drilling of reference for the process;FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small angle of the NE - SW trending. Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly. Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area. Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic

surveys and drilling of reference for the process., FTM Field is one of the new fields as energy reserves in Indonesia as an oil and

gas field. In the field there are two reservoirs FTM gas and oil reservoirs, namely

the formation Minahaki and Tomori Formation. Research conducted on the

formation lithology Tomori with carbonate rocks and an oil reservoir Late

Miocene. This structure is formed by a horizontal fault (Trust fault) with a small

angle of the NE - SW trending.

Hydrocarbon determination using spectral decomposition method, based spectral

decomposition method is used for analysis ISA and CWT low frequency anomaly.

Low frequency anomaly associated hydrocarbon indicator. Petrophysical analysis

FTM field have good porosity and water saturation small on hydrocarbon area.

Results of mapping zones of hydrocarbon prospects and petro physical analysis is

expected to be used for the benefit of the prospect delineation zone further seismic

surveys and drilling of reference for the process]"

"Reservoir sandstone merupakan target utama atau terpenting dalam eksplorasi hidrokarbon di Formasi Mungaroo AA daerah Offshore Cekungan Carnarvorn Utara. Salah satu lapangan dengan reservoir sandstone pada Formasi Mungaroo AA berada di Lapangan Wheatstone. Identifikasi zona reservoir potensial hidrokarbon merupakan suatu hal yang fundamental dalam industri Migas. Salah satu instrumen yang saat ini menjadi sangat powerfull karena begitu luas pemanfaataannya dan nilai investasi yang besar karena tidak semahal analisa core dan well testing adalah well log. Data well log hingga saat ini masih dilakukan intepretasi secara manual atau analisa kurva. Interpretasi secara manual memakan waktu lebih lama dan melelahkan sehingga dapat mengurangi keakuratan dalam interpretasi. Seiring perkembangan waktu dibutuhkan pemanfaatan yang lebih pada data well log dibutuhkan sebuah metode yang dapat meningkatkan kualitas interpretasi atau analisis sumur, yaitu data mining.Dalam penelitian ini, metode data mining Support Vector Machine (SVM) diterapkan untuk identifikasi zona reservoir potensial hidrokarbon dari data well log di Formasi Mungaroo AA, Lapangan Wheatstone, Cekungan Carnarvorn Utara. Data well log yang digunakan berasal dari lima (5) sumur yang dibor di Lapangan yang sama. Penerapan SVM membutuhkan proses pelatihan, satu sumur digunakan sebagai data latih dan fungsi yang diperoleh darinya diterapkan pada 4 sumur yang tersisa. Fase klasifikasi akan meliputi 2 fase, yaitu fase penentuan litologi (sandstone dan non-sand) dan penentuan potensi hidrokarbon (produktif dan non-produktif). Kedua fase ini diterapkan secara bertahap menggunakan metode SVM.Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai rata-rata akurasi pada fase penentuan litologi (sandstone dan non-sand) menunjukkan nilai sebesar 0.98 sedangkan pada fase penentuan potensi hidrokarbon (produktif dan non-produktif) menunjukkan nilai sebesar 0.93. Hasil akhir pengujian hipotesis t dengan membandingkan distribusi nilai Net To Gross (NTG) hasil prediksi dengan NTG field report menunjukkan menunjukkan bahwa distribusi antara keduanya mendekati. Meskipun hasil pengujian hipotesa yang didapatkan mengatakan distribusi nilai NTG mendekati, peneliti merekomendasikan bahwa metode data mining dapat digunakan sebagai alat verifikasi dalam mengidentifikasi zona reservoir potensial hidrokarbon. Hal ini dapat mengurangi ketidakpastian dan meningkatkan kualitas analisis sumur.

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Sandstone reservoir occupies the first position or dominates as a hydrocarbon resource. The sandstone reservoir is the main or most important target for hydrocarbon exploration in the Mungaroo AA Formation in the Offshore area of ​​the North Carnarvon Basin. One of the fields with a sandstone reservoir in the Mungaroo AA Formation is the Wheatstone Field. Identification of potential hydrocarbon reservoir zones is a fundamental matter in the oil and gas industry. One of the instruments that are currently very powerful because of its wide use and large investment value because it is not as expensive as core analysis and well testing is the well log. Well log data is still being interpreted manually or curve analysis. Manual interpretation takes longer and is tiring so it can reduce the accuracy of interpretation. Along with the development of time, more use of well log data is needed, and a method that can improve the quality of interpretation or well analysis is needed, namely data mining.

In this study, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) data mining method was applied to identify potential hydrocarbon reservoir zones from well log data in the Mungaroo AA Formation, Wheatstone Field, North Carnarvon Basin. The well log data used is from five (5) wells drilled in the same field. The application of SVM requires a training process, one well is used as training data, and the functions derived from it are applied to the remaining 4 wells. The classification phase will include 2 phases, namely the lithology determination phase (sandstone and non-sand) and the determination of the hydrocarbon potential (productive and non-productive. These two phases are implemented in stages using the SVM method.

The results showed that the average accuracy value in the lithology determination phase showed a value of 0.98 while the hydrocarbon potential determination phase showed a value of 0.93. The result of testing the t hypothesis by comparing the distribution of the predicted NTG value with the NTG field report shows that the distribution between the two is identical. Although the results of the hypothesis testing obtained say the distribution of NTG values ​​is identical, the researcher recommends that the data mining method can be used as a verification tool in identifying potential hydrocarbon reservoir zones. This can reduce uncertainty and improve the quality of well analysis"

"Heterogenitas dan kompleksitas menjadi alasan utama reservoir karbonat menawarkan tantangan tersendiri dalam proses karakterisasinya dibandingkan dengan reservoir silisiklastik. Reservoir ini dapat memiliki tipe pori yang bervariasi yang dapat mempengaruhi perubahan nilai Vp hingga sebesar 40%. Variasi tipe pori bergantung pada lingkungan pengendapan dan proses diagenesa dimana tipe pori ini sangat berkorelasi dengan permeabilitas. Differential Effective Medium (DEM) diimplementasikan untuk memodelkan modulus elastis medium efektif dengan mempertimbangkan efek dari kompleksitas pori batuan. Kompleksitas pori ini dalam pemodelan diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga tipe pori geofisika, yaitu stiff pore, interparticle pore, dan microcrack. Model rockphysics hasil pemodelan kemudian digunakan untuk menghitung nilai Vs. Hasil inversi tipe pori menunjukan bahwa daerah penelitian didominasi oleh interparticle dan microcrack. Hasil dari pemodelan 1D kemudian disebarkan ke volume seismik untuk mengetahui distribusi spasial tipe pori. Hasil analisis sensitifitas menunjukan bahwa impedansi akustik, impedansi shear, dan porositas memiliki korelasi yang baik dengan tipe pori. Oleh karena itu Probabilistik Neural Network digunakan untuk menyebarkan tipe pori ke seismik dengan data training berupa impedansi akustik, impedansi shear, dan porositas. Hasil training dengan nilai korelasi 0.92 kemudian diaplikasikan ke seismik. Hasil ini kemudian digunakan untuk interpretasi zona dengan permeabilitas paling baik.

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Heterogeneity and Complexity are the main reasons why carbonate reservoirs offer a great challenge for its characterization compared to silisiclastic reservoirs. Carbonate reservoirs are known for its variable pore type and this variability can affect the Vp value up to 40%. Pore type can vary depending on its depositional environment and diagenetic processes and these pore types are highly correlated with permeability. Differential Effective Medium is used to model the elastic modulus of effective medium that takes into account the effect of complexity of rock pore type. This complexity, in modelling, is divided into three geophysical pore types, which are stiff pore, interparticle pore, and microcrack. The resulting rockphysics model is then used to calculate the value of Vs. Pore type inversion shows that the dominant pore types in this study area are interparticle and microcrack. The results of 1D modelling are then distributed to seismic volume to map the spatial distribution of pore type. Sensitivity analysis shows that acoustic impedance, shear impedance, and porosity have a good correlation with pore type. Therefore, Probabilistic Neural Network is used to distribute 1D pore type to seismic volume by using acoustic impedance, shear impedance, and porosity as a training data. The training result, with correlation coefficient of 0.92, is then applied to the seismic volume. The resulting volume is then used to interpret the zones with best permeability."

"Kompartemen reservoar Lapangan Tamiang, Cekungan Sumatera Utara telah ditentukan berdasarkan analisis sekatan patahan. Lapangan Tamiang adalah lapangan tua yang menerapkan Oil Recovery Enhanced (EOR). EOR merupakan teknik untuk meningkatkan produksi dengan salah satu tekniknya adalah injeksi waterflooding. Analisis sekatan patahan menjadi informasi yang penting untuk melakukan injeksi waterflooding. Tujuan dari tesis ini adalah untuk menyelidiki karakteristik tiap patahan dalam hal sekatan tertutup atau terbuka dengan throw, shale gouge ratio (SGR), weight SGR, dan juxtaposisi. Tahapan analisis yang dilakukan adalah normalisasi gamma ray untuk mendapatkan volume shale, kemudian menganalisis sifat patahan dengan menggunakan Allan Diagram, lalu melakukan transmisibilitas multiplier, dan menambahkan parameter bulk modulus. Analisis kemudian divalidasi dengan sumur produksi dan injeksi. Patahan yang dianalisis berjumlah 23 patahan dengan dua perbedaan dipping, salah satu dipping ke barat laut dan yang lainnya ke arah tenggara. Kemudian, hasil dari arah patahan adalah sinistral dengan arah dari barat laut ke tenggara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lima kompartemen telah diidentifikasi, yang dibatasi oleh empat struktur utama. Sekatan patahan tertutup dan terbuka berbeda tiap layer zone. Pada zona 400 dan 560 patahan umumnya merupakan sekatan patahan tertutup. Untuk zona 600, 770 dan 800, patahan lebih dominan sekatan patahan terbuka. Zona 400, 560 dan 600, bulk modulus, zona patahan terbuka berada di barat daya. Sedangkan zona 770 dan 800 berada di timur laut. Adanya oblique patahan dan throw yang membuat perbedaan patahan tertutup dan patahan terbuka tiap layer berbeda. Hubungan antara karakter patahan (SGR, WSGR, throw, juxtaposisi), bulk modulus dan transmisibilitas menunjukkan adanya hubungan saling terintegrasi.

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The reservoir compartments of Tamiang field, North Sumatra Basin has been properly determined based on the Sekatan fault analysis. Tamiang field is a mature field and have been stage of secondary recovery. Therefore, Tamiang field needs strategy to enhance production by applying Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). One of the EOR techniques is waterflooding, which is intended to mantain reservoir pressure and increase the oil recovery. Thus, the fault seal analysis become significant information in performing water flooding.

The objective paper is to investigate the characteristic of fault in term of fault sealing or fault leaking by analyzing the throw, shale gouge ratio (SGR), weigth SGR, and juxtaposition. All these parameters are associated with fault sealing and non fault sealing zone, which is used as basis to determine water flooding, and making reservoir compartement. Phase of analysis are normalization gamma ray to estimate shale volume, then using Allan diagram to analyze behavior of faults, transmissibility multiplier and the next adding parameter of bulk modulus. Then the analysis is validated with production and injection wells. Taming field has 23 faults with two difference dipping, one dipping to northwest and the other to south east. Thus, the fault direction is sinistral with direction from northwest to south east.

The result shows that four compartments have been identified, which is bounded by three main structure. Fault sealing and fault leaking are different from each layer zone. In zones of 400 and 560, faults are generally fault sealing. For zones 600, 770 and 800, more dominant fault leaking. Zones 400, 560 and 600, bulk modulus of fault sealing zones are in the southwest. While zones 770 and 800 are in the northeast. The existence of oblique faults and throws that make the difference fault sealing and fault leaking each layer differently. The relationship between the fault properties (SGR, WSGR, throw, juxtaposition), bulk modulus and transmissibility indicate an integrated relationship."

"Cadangan minyak dan gas bumi saat ini kian menipis sehingga diperlukan metode yang tepat dalam ekplorasi untuk mencari zona prospek yang baru guna menjaga kestabilan produksi cadangan. Analisis petrofisika merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mengkarakterisasi batuan reservoir dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi zona prospek dan jenis hidrokarbon yang terkandung. Reservoir karbonat merupakan salah satu reservoir produsen hidrokarbon terbesar di Indonesia karena batuan karbonat memiliki nilai porositas dan permeabilitas yang baik. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan karakterisasi batuan gamping sebagai reservoir pada Formasi Baturaja yang berlokasi di Cekungan Jawa Barat Utara. Data yang digunakan berupa 2 data sumur beserta data core. Data Log Well-1 yang terdiri dari data kedalaman, Caliper, Gamma Ray, SP, Resistivitas, DT, NPHI, RHOB, DRHO, PEF. Data log well-1 yang digunakan terdiri dari 19.577 titik data pada kedalaman 347 – 3330 meter. Data Log Well-2 yang terdiri dari data kedalaman, Caliper, Gamma Ray, SP, ILD, ILM, MSFL, DT, NPHI, RHOB. Data well-2 tersebut terdiri dari 11.829 titik data pada kedalaman 1173 – 2976 meter. Metodologi yang dilakukan antara lain: koreksi lingkungan, zonasi, korelasi antar sumur, analisis volume clay, perhitungan nilai resistivitas air formasi, interpretasi porositas dan saturasi air, perhitungan permeabilitas, penentuan nilai penggal/cutoff, dan perhitungan saturasi hidrokarbon. Didapatkan informasi berupa log parameter petrofisika yaitu: porositas, permeabilitas, kandungan lempung, saturasi air, saturasi hidrokarbon. Berdasarkan metode yang digunakan didapati bahwa zona potensi reservoir dan zona potensi lapisan produktif pada Well-1 berada pada kedalaman 2374.2-2394.7 dan 2488.2-2507.2 meter. Pada Well-2 didapatkan zona potensi dengan kedalaman 2345.8-2363.8 meter, 2373.8-2434.3 meter, dan 2447.8-2465.3. Zona potensi ini divalidasi dengan analisis data core menggunakan metode Petrophysical Rock Type (PRT) melalui pendekatan Hydraulic Flow Unit (HFU) untuk mengklasifikasikan tipe batuan dan mendeskripsikan karakteristik petrofisika dari reservoir.

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Oil and gas reserves are currently depleting, so proper methods are required in exploration to discover new prospect zones to maintain the stability of reserve production. One of the methods for identifying the prospect zone and type of hydrocarbons contained in reservoir rocks is petrophysical analysis. Because carbonate rocks have a high porosity and permeability value, they are one of Indonesia's largest hydrocarbon producing reservoirs. The characterization of limestone as a reservoir in the Baturaja formation in the North West Java Basin was studied in this research. T The data was obtained in the form of two wells and core data. Depth data, Caliper, Gamma Ray, SP, resistivity, DT, NPHI, RHOB, DRHO, and PEF are all included in the Well-1 Log Data. There are 19,577 data points in the well-1 log data, which was collected at a depth of 347–3330 meters. Well-2 Log Data consisting of depth data, Caliper, Gamma Ray, SP, ILD, ILM, MSFL, DT, NPHI, RHOB. The well-2 data consists of 11,829 data points at a depth of 1173 - 2976 meters. Methodologies include: environmental correction, zoning, correlation between wells, clay volume analysis, calculation of water resistance values formation, interpretation of porosity and saturation of water, calculation of permeability, determination of cutoff values, and calculation of hydrocarbon saturation. Information obtained in the form of logs of petrophysical parameters, namely: porosity, permeability, clay content, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation so that it is known. Based on the method used it is found that the reservoir potential zone and productive layer potential zone in Well-1 are at depths of 2374.2-2394.7 and 2488.2-2507.2 meters. In Well-2 obtained potential zones with a depth of 2345.8-2363.8 meters, 2373.8-2434.3 meters, and 2447.8-2465.3. Core data analysis using the petrophysical rock type (PRT) method through the Hydraulic Flow Unit (HFU) approach to classify rock type and describe petrophysical characteristics of reservoir validates this potential zone."

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Optimalisasi produksi Lapangan L migas di Cekungan Sumatra Tengah dilakukan melalui pemodelan geologi tiga dimensi (3D) untuk meningkatkan produksi. Pemodelan geostatistika 3D dilakukan untuk mengetahui lingkungan pengendapan dan distribusi sifat fisika batuan dengan menggunakan 26 sumur dan data seismik 3D. Pemodelan geologi 3D dibuat untuk menggambarkan secara sederhana kondisi geologi bawah permukaan pada Formasi Bekasap pada lapangan L melalui analisis elektrofasies, analisis atribut seismik, interpretasi seismik, pemodelan struktural, pemodelan fasies dan pemodelan petrofisika berdasarkan metode Sequential Indicator Simulation dan Sequential Gaussian Simulation. Hasil deskripsi, analisis dan interpretasi menunjukkan bahwa Formasi Bekasap pada Lapangan L berada pada lingkungan pengendapan tide dominated estuarine-delta, terdiri atas enam interval reservoir dengan porositas efektif hingga 32% dan permeabilitas hingga 4000 mD, dan struktur mayor berupa 27 sesar normal yang berarah barat laut-tenggara dan timur laut-barat daya. Hasil pemodelan menunjukkan bahwa kemenerusan reservoir sesuai dengan distribusi fasies yang relatif berarah barat laut-tenggara.

 

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