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"ABSTRAKStigma dan diskriminasi yang banyak dialami oleh gay dengan HIV/AIDS dapatmengakibatkan berbagai masalah psikososial, salah satunya adalah harga diri.Kondisi tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kemampuannya beradaptasi dalamlingkungan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguraikan harga diri kaum gaydengan HIV/AIDS dalam melakukan adaptasi sosial. Ini adalah penelitiankualitatif dengan jumlah partisipan sebanyak sembilan orang yang berdomisili diKota Ciamis dan Banjar, Jawa Barat-Indonesia yang direkrut melalui metodesnowball sampling dan data dianalisa menggunakan tematik. Hasil penelitianmenghasilkan empat tema yaitu: 1) Kondisi harga diri gay dengan HIV/AIDS, 2)Pengaruh harga diri terhadap adaptasi sosial, 3) Mekanisme koping dalammelakukan adaptasi sosial, dan 4) Harapan untuk masa depan. Kesimpulannyayaitu harga diri kaum gay dengan HIV/AIDS dipengaruhi oleh adanya stigma danpandangan negatif masyarakat dalam bersosialisasi. Penelitian inimerekomendasikan adanya pedoman khusus untuk mengetahui dan menanganimasalah harga diri kaum gay dengan HIV/AIDS di lembaga swadaya masyarakatdan pelayanan kesehatan.

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ABSTRACTStigma and discrimination among gay with HIV/AIDS can lead to psychosocialproblems, one of them is low self-esteem. This condition may affect them to adaptas a gay and HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study is to describe the dignity of gaywith HIV/AIDS in social adaptation. The research was a descriptive qualitativeand through snowball sampling method, 9 participants were recruited. Dataanalysis used thematic analysis. The results of this study are four themes: 1) selfesteemcondition, 2) the influence of self-esteem in social adaptation, 3) copingstrategies in social adaptation, And 4) Hope for the future. The conclusion of thisstudy is that self esteem of gay with HIV/AIDS affected by stigma and negativeresponse of society in socializing. This study recommends a guideline forknowing and managing self esteem among gay with HIV/AIDS in Non-Governmental Organizations and Health Services."

"Populasi gay meningkat secara signifikan dari tahun ke tahun. Hal tersebut berdampak pada resiko peningkatan angka kejadian HIV dan AIDS, akibat perilaku seksual beresiko yang mereka jalani. Ketika mereka sakit dan membutuhkan perawatan, perawat sebagai tenaga kesehatan akan memberikan layanan kesehatan dalam bentuk asuhan keperawatan. Asuhan keperawatan yang diberikan oleh perawat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa aspek seperti persepsi, pengetahuan dan sikap yang mereka tunjukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi persepsi perawat tentang asuhan keperawatan pada klien gay dengan HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik purposive sampling, dan jumlah partisipan sebanyak lima belas orang partisipan. Data dianalisa menggunakan analisa tematik. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan enam tema yaitu persepsi perawat yang tidak sejalan dengan sikap dan pengetahuannya di fase awal asuhan keperawatan, pengkajian komprehensif pada klien gay dengan HIV/AIDS, penegakkan diagnosa keperawatan pada klien gay dengan HIV/AIDS yang hanya berfokus pada masalah fisik, intervensi keperawatan yang terintegrasi pada klien gay dengan HIV/AIDS, hambatan klien dan perawat dalam proses asuhan keperawatan, dan kebutuhan perawat untuk meningkatkan kualitas asuhan keperawatan pada klien gay dengan HIV/AIDS. Kesimpulannya yaitu asuhan keperawatan yang optimal pada klien gay dengan HIV/AIDS dapat diberikan jika proses keperawatan yang dilakukan sesuai dengan respons, kebutuhan dan kondisi klien oleh karena itu perawat perlu meningkatkan pengetahuan serta keterampilannya.

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The gay population has been increased significantly from year to year. This can lead to the risk of increasing HIV and AIDS incidence. When they are getting sick and need health service, nurse as a health provider will provide health care in the form of nursing care. The nursing care provided by the nurses is influenced by several aspects such as their perceptions, knowledge and attitudes. This study aims to explore nurse perception about nursing care for gay clients with HIV / AIDS.

This research used descriptive qualitative design with purposive sampling technique, and the number of participants are fifteen participants. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. This study resulted six themes consist of: nurses perceptions which were inconsistent with their attitudes and knowledge in the early phase of nursing care, comprehensive assessment of gay clients with HIV / AIDS, nursing diagnosis of gay clients with HIV / AIDS focused on physical problems, integrated nursing intervention with gay clients with HIV / AIDS, client and nurse barriers in nursing care processes, and nurses needs to improve quality of nursing care in gay clients with HIV / AIDS.

In conclusion that optimal nursing care on gay clients with HIV / AIDS can be given if the nursing process in accordance with the clients response, needs and conditions therefore nurses need to improve their knowledge and skills."

"Gay adalah suatu penyimpangan perilaku dimana adanya rasa ketertarikan terhadap sesama laki-laki. Gay sangat rentan dan beresiko tinggi terkena HIV/AIDS dan jumlahnya selalu mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Pelayanan keperawatan adalah salah satu solusi dalam menurunkan angka HIV/AIDS pada gay. Asuhan keperawatan merupakan bentuk pelayanan yang diberikan perawat yang dapat membantu dalam mengatasi permasalahan kesehatan. Kurangnya pengetahuan terkait asuhan keperawatan dapat meningkatkan kendala yang dialami dalam menurunkan jumlah gay dengan HIV/AIDS. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi persepsi gay dengan HIV/AIDS tentang asuhan keperawatan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam kepada 14 partisipan. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan enam tema yaitu respon psikologis dan mekanisme koping gay dengan HIV/AIDS dalam penerimaan penyakit, Sosok perawat yang diinginkan gay dengan HIV/AIDS, pengkajian keperawatan yang efektif bagi gay dengan HIV/AIDS, ketidakpopuleran diagnosis keperawatan, keterbatasan perawat untuk melibatkan pasien gay dengan HIV/AIDS dalam perencanaan keperawatan, dan pelayanan keperawatan profesional yang diharapkan oleh gay dengan HIV/AIDS. Sikap menerima, memiliki pengetahuan yang luas tentang gay dan penyakit HIV/AIDS, serta komunikasi yang hangat dan tidak berjarak adalah sosok perawat yang diinginkan gay dengan HIV/AIDS. Mendapatkan layanan asuhan keperawatan yang sama dan konsisten serta peningkatan kemampuan dan keterampilan perawat adalah harapan gay dengan HIV/AIDS terhadap pelayanan keperawatan.

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Gay is a behavioral disorder in which there is a sense of attraction towards fellow men. Gay is very vulnerable and at high risk of HIV AIDS and the number is always increasing every year. Nursing service is one of the solutions in reducing the number of HIV AIDS in gays. Nursing care is a form of service provided by nurses who can help in overcoming health problems. Lack of knowledge related to nursing care can increase the constraints experienced in reducing the number of gay with HIV AIDS. This study aims to explore the perception of gay with HIV AIDS about nursing care. This research is qualitative research with qualitative descriptive design. Data collection was done by in depth interview technique to 14 participants.

The results of the study resulted in six themes psychological responses and gay coping mechanisms with HIV AIDS in accepting disease, nurse figure desired by gay with HIV AIDS, effective nursing assessment for gay with HIV AIDS, unpopular nursing diagnoses, nurse limitations to engage patients gay with HIV AIDS in nursing planning, and professional nursing services expected by gays with HIV AIDS. Accepting, having extensive knowledge about gay and HIV AIDS diseases, as well as warm and distant communications is a gay nurse wanted figure with HIV AIDS. Getting the same consistent nursing care and nurse skills and ability is a gay expectation with HIV AIDS on nursing care. "

"Dampak HIV/AIDS menimbulkan stres pada orang dengan HIV/AIDS. Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi stress adalah mencari dukungan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan dukungan sosial dengan tingkat stress orang dengan HIV/AIDS dikota Depok. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional terhadap 77 orang dengan HIV/AIDS dengan menggunakan metode pengampilan sampel consequtive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yaitu Medical Outcomes Sosial Support Survey HIV (MOSS-HIV) dan Perceives Stress Scale HIV (PSS-HIV). Hasil penelitian ini mendapatkan bahwa dukungan sosial yang diterima responden tergolong tinggi (55,8%) dan tingkat stress responden berada dalam kategori stress berat (80,5%). Hasil analisis bivariat menemukan bahwa ada hubungan antara dukungan sosial dengan tingkat stress (p value < 0,05). Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan dukungan sosial sebagai salah satu cara untuk membantu orang dengan HIV/AIDS menurunkan tingkat stressnya, dengan memberikan prioritas yang lebih pada dukungan materi.

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The impact of HIV / AIDS cause stress to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Way to reduce stress is to seek social support. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of social support and stress levels of people with HIV / AIDS in Depok city. The study design was descriptive correlation with cross sectional study of 77 people with HIV / AIDS by using a consequtive method sampling. Instruments used namely Medical Outcomes Survey of Social Support HIV (HIV-MOSS) and Perceives HIV Stress Scale (PSS-HIV).

The results of this study found that the social support received by respondents is high (55,8%) and stress levels of respondents mostly were in severe stress (80,5%). The results of the bivariate analysis found that there is a relationship between social support and stress levels (p value <0.05). The results of this study recommend social support as a way to help people with HIV / AIDS reduces the stress level, by giving higher priority to the material support."

"Gay telah mengalami berbagai pengalaman yang tidak menyenangkan semenjak ketertarikan sexual mereka dianggap sebagai perbuatan menyimpang oleh masyarkat. Hal ini diperparah ketika virus HIV-AIDS menyerang kaum mereka pada tahun 1980-an. Makalah ini membahas pengaruh HIV-AIDS pada kehidupan kaum gay sebagai individu, di komunitas mereka, dan di kehidupan masyarakat yang lebih luas. Makalah ini secara khusus membahas dampak wabah AIDS di komunitas gay pada film The Normal Heart. Dengan menggunakan beberapa pendekeran seperti representasi film dan konsep identitas Stuart Hall, hasil menunjukan bahwa fakta wabah AIDS merubah kehidupan kaum gay dan komunitas gay dengan kehidupan masyarkat luas dalam hal yang positif.

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Gays have been experienced some unpleasant experiences since their sexual attraction that was considered as a deviant act by the society. It was compounded when HIV-AIDS attacked them in the 1980s. This paper examines the effects of HIV-AIDS on gays? life as an individual, in the community, and in the larger society. It is particularly focusing on the impacts of the AIDS outbreak in the gay community in the movie The Normal Heart. By using some approaches such as movie representation and identity concept by Stuart Hall, the result of the paper shows the fact that AIDS outbreak changed the life of gays and forever changed the gay community and its relationship with larger society in positive ways."

"[Penelitian ini membahas tentang modal sosial apa saja yang dimiliki LSM Bandungwangi sekaligus melihat bagaimana peran modal sosial tersebut dalam upaya pencegahaan penularan HIV AIDS yang dilakukan di kalangan PSP. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Bandungwangi sebagai sebuah LSM memiliki modal sosial berupa jaringan sosial yang menciptakan ikatan sosial antara Bandungwangi dengan PSP lembaga donor pemerintah. LSM lain dan antar Staf dalam Bandungwangi sendiri Ikatan sosial ini nyatanya membangun nilai dan norma bersama mengenai kebiasaan sehari hari nilai bekerja sebagai PSP dan kelebihan Bandungwangi dalam menjangkau komunitas PSP. Nilai dan norma bersama ini yang kemudian membangun kepercayaan antar aktor. Bentuk modal sosial seperti ini menandakan bahwa bonding dan bridging Bandungwangi kepada aktor aktor tersebut berhasil dibangun. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa kelemahan modal sosial Bandungwangi terletak pada jaringannya dengan LSM lain yang kurang dimaksimalkan. Masing masing bentuk modal sosial yang dimiliki LSM Bandungwangi juga terbukti berperan dalam membangun komunikasi kordinasi meningkatkan reputasi hingga menciptakan tindakan kolektif upaya pencegahan penularan HIV AIDS pada tataran partisipasi kegiatan. Penelitian ini mengisi kekosongan pembahasan mengenai modal sosial LSM dalam upaya pencegahan penularan HIV AIDS di kalangan PSP yang belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan strategi studi kasus pada LSM Bandungwangi. Terdapat 12 informan dalam penelitian ini yang dipilih secara purposive.

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This study discusses about what kind of social capital NGO in preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS by women sex workers. This study also looking for how social capital influence of preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS. The finding shows that Bandungwangi as an NGO has social capital there are social network who created social tie among Bandungwangi sex workers funding organizations government another NGOs and Stafs in Bandungwangi who was sex workers. This social tie builds the collective values and norms about daily habits work rsquo s point of view as sex workers. Collective values and norms build the trust between the actors This kind of social capital mark that Bandungwangi's bonding and bridging to another actors perfectly build. The finding also shows that the weakness of Bandungwangi's social capital is social network with other NGO. Each of these forms Bandungwangi's social capital also proved instrumental in building communication coordination improved reputation and creating collective action to participation activities of preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS. This study fills a void a discusiion about social capital NGO in preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS by women sex workers that has never been done before. This study using qualitative approach with study case strategy in Bandungwangi NGO in East Jakarta. Consist of twelfth participants they were selected by purposive sampling.;This study discusses about what kind of social capital NGO in preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS by women sex workers This study also looking for how social capital influence of preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS The finding shows that Bandungwangi as an NGO has social capital there are social network who created social tie among Bandungwangi sex workers funding organizations government another NGOs and Stafs in Bandungwangi who was sex workers This social tie builds the collective values and norms about daily habits work rsquo s point of view as sex workers Collective values and norms build the trust between the actors This kind of social capital mark that Bandungwangi rsquo s bonding and bridging to another actors perfectly build The finding also shows that the weakness of Bandungwangi rsquo s social capital is social network with other NGO Each of these forms Bandungwangi rsquo s social capital also proved instrumental in building communication coordination improved reputation and creating collective action to participation activities of preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS This study fills a void a discusiion about social capital NGO in preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS by women sex workers that has never been done before This study using qualitative approach with study case strategy in Bandungwangi NGO in East Jakarta Consist of twelfth participants they were selected by purposive sampling;This study discusses about what kind of social capital NGO in preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS by women sex workers This study also looking for how social capital influence of preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS The finding shows that Bandungwangi as an NGO has social capital there are social network who created social tie among Bandungwangi sex workers funding organizations government another NGOs and Stafs in Bandungwangi who was sex workers This social tie builds the collective values and norms about daily habits work rsquo s point of view as sex workers Collective values and norms build the trust between the actors This kind of social capital mark that Bandungwangi rsquo s bonding and bridging to another actors perfectly build The finding also shows that the weakness of Bandungwangi rsquo s social capital is social network with other NGO Each of these forms Bandungwangi rsquo s social capital also proved instrumental in building communication coordination improved reputation and creating collective action to participation activities of preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS This study fills a void a discusiion about social capital NGO in preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS by women sex workers that has never been done before This study using qualitative approach with study case strategy in Bandungwangi NGO in East Jakarta Consist of twelfth participants they were selected by purposive sampling, This study discusses about what kind of social capital NGO in preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS by women sex workers This study also looking for how social capital influence of preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS The finding shows that Bandungwangi as an NGO has social capital there are social network who created social tie among Bandungwangi sex workers funding organizations government another NGOs and Stafs in Bandungwangi who was sex workers This social tie builds the collective values and norms about daily habits work rsquo s point of view as sex workers Collective values and norms build the trust between the actors This kind of social capital mark that Bandungwangi rsquo s bonding and bridging to another actors perfectly build The finding also shows that the weakness of Bandungwangi rsquo s social capital is social network with other NGO Each of these forms Bandungwangi rsquo s social capital also proved instrumental in building communication coordination improved reputation and creating collective action to participation activities of preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS This study fills a void a discusiion about social capital NGO in preventing the contagious of HIV AIDS by women sex workers that has never been done before This study using qualitative approach with study case strategy in Bandungwangi NGO in East Jakarta Consist of twelfth participants they were selected by purposive sampling]"

"Pengetahuan merupakan faktor penting untuk dipelajari guna mengetahui penyebab meningkatnya kejadian PMS dan HIV / AIDS pada kaum gay, transgender dan transgender dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan kaum gay, waria dan waria di Jakarta dan sekitarnya tentang pencegahan PMS dan HIV / AIDS dengan angka kejadian pada kelompok tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 114 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner STI / HIV Prevention Knowledge dari Public Health Agency Kanada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan pencegahan PMS dan HIV / AIDS dengan kejadian PMS pada kelompok gay, waria dan waria di Jakarta dan sekitarnya (OR = 2.807; p value = 0.017). Sedangkan tingkat pengetahuan tentang PMS dan pencegahan HIV / AIDS tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian HIV / AIDS (OR = 467; p value = 0,144). Pengetahuan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian PMS, tetapi tidak dengan kejadian HIV / AIDS. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian HIV di kalangan gay, transgender dan transgender.

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Knowledge is an important factor to study in order to determine the causes of the increasing incidence of STDs and HIV / AIDS in gay, transgender and transgender people in recent years. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge of gays, waria and waria in Jakarta and its surroundings about the prevention of STDs and HIV / AIDS and the incidence rate in that group. This study used a cross sectional design approach with a sample size of 114 people. The research instrument used the STI / HIV Prevention Knowledge questionnaire from the Canadian Public Health Agency. The results showed that there was a relationship between the level of knowledge of STD prevention and HIV / AIDS with the incidence of STD in the gay, transgender and transgender group in Jakarta and its surroundings (OR = 2.807; p value = 0.017). Meanwhile, the level of knowledge about STDs and HIV / AIDS prevention was not related to the incidence of HIV / AIDS (OR = 467; p value = 0.144). Knowledge has a significant relationship with the incidence of STDs, but not with the incidence of HIV / AIDS. Therefore, further research is needed on the factors that influence HIV incidence among gay, transgender and transgender people."

"Bunuh diri merupakan kegawatdaruratan psikiatri yang lazim ditemukan pada pasien HIV/AIDS dan dihubungkan dengan berbagai faktor. Namun, studi ini belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia, padahal studi ini penting untuk diteliti untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang harus diintervensi sehingga terbentuk pelayanan yang optimal terhadap pasien HIV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara ide bunuh diri dengan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya pada pasien HIV/AIDS. Metode penelitian adalah dengan cross-sectional. Subjek dikumpulkan sebagai sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Kriteria inklusi adalah orang dewasa berusia 18-65 tahun dengan diagnosis HIV/AIDS yang sedang menjalani pengobatan ARV di Poliklinik Khusus HIV/AIDS RSCM. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square dan Fisher exact test, serta analisis multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Dari total 86 subjek, 20 23,3 diantaranya memiliki ide bunuh diri. Melalui uji Chi-square, hubungan terbukti bermakna pada 5 variabel, yaitu depresi p=0,000, ansietas p=0,001, tidak menikah p=0,007, jumlah CD4.

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Suicide is a psychiatric emergency commonly found in HIV AIDS patients and is associated with various factors. However, this study has not been conducted in Indonesia. Besides, this study is important to determine the factors which must be intervened to establish optimum service for HIV AIDS patients. The aim of this study is to find the association between suicidal ideation and its determinant factors in HIV AIDS patients. Observational study with cross sectional method was conducted. Samples were collected using consecutive sampling technique. The inclusion criteria were adults aged 18 65 with HIV AIDS diagnosis and currently undergoing ARV treatment at Poliklinik Khusus HIV AIDS RSCM. Univariate analysis was performed using Chi square and Fisher exact test, while multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression test. Of the total 86 subjects, 20 23.3 had suicidal ideation. Chi square test proved significant association on 5 variables depression p 0,000, anxiety p 0,001, being unmarried p 0,007, CD4 count."

"Praktek Spesialis Keperawatan merupakan sebuah proses penting dari pendidikan profesi dalam rangka mengaplikasikan peran perawat spesialis yang berdampak pada upaya peningkatan kualitas layanan keperawatan. Praktek ini dilakukan dan dikembangkan berdasarkan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi melalui berbagai penelitian. Model Adaptasi Roy dan Teori Sosial Kognitif Bandura di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta. Tiga kompetensi yang harus dicapai dalam praktek residensi ini adalah memberikan asuhan keperawatan menggunakan pendekatan teori keperawatan, menerapkan implementasi keperawatan yang berbasis bukti ilmiah (evidence based nursing practice), dan melakukan proyek inovasi keperawatan yang berguna bagi lahan yang menjadi tempat praktek residensi. Sebagai pemberi asuhan keperawatan, mahasiswa residensi telah memberikan asuhan keperawatan menggunakan pendekatan teori adaptasi Roy pada 1 kasus kelolaan utama dan 30 kasus resume pasien HIV/AIDS dengan berbagai infeksi oportunitis. Sebagai peneliti, mahasiswa residensi telah mengaplikasi penerapan permainan Kartu Inovatif Stop Stigma (KISS) dan hasil dari evidence based nursing ini menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang HIV/AIDS dan menurunkan self stigma pada pasien HIV. Sedangkan sebagai innovator, telah dilakukan inovasi edukasi pengetahuan terkait pencegahan infeksi oportunistik yang mana media edukasi juga dibetuk dapat barcode dan hasil penerapan proyek inovasi ini menunjukkan manfaat yang sangat signifikan bagi peningkatan pengetahuan dalam melakukan pencegahan infeksi oportunistik pada ODHA.

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Nursing Specialist Practice is an important process of professional education in order to apply the role of specialist nurses which has an impact on efforts to improve the quality of nursing services. This practice is carried out and developed based on science and technology through various research. Roy's Adaptation Model and Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory at Fatmawati General Hospital, Jakarta. The three competencies that must be achieved in this residency practice are providing nursing care using a nursing theory approach, implementing nursing implementation based on scientific evidence (evidence based nursing practice), and carrying out nursing innovation projects that are useful for the land where the residency practice takes place. As providers of nursing care, residency students have provided nursing care using Roy's adaptation theory approach to 1 primary management case and 30 resume cases of HIV/AIDS patients with various opportunistic infections. As researchers, residency students have applied the Innovative Stop Stigma (KISS) Card game and the results of this evidence-based nursing show increased knowledge about HIV/AIDS and reduced self-stigma in HIV patients. Meanwhile, as an innovator, we have carried out knowledge education innovations related to the prevention of opportunistic infections in which the educational media is also made of barcodes and the results of implementing this innovation project show very significant benefits for increasing knowledge in preventing opportunistic infections in PLWHA."