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Rizky Diananto
"Masalah ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat yang semakin besar terjadi pada era desentralisasi. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dana perimbangan (DBH, DAU, DAK) terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat di 33 provinsi tahun 2006-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DBH, DAU, dan rasio belanja APBD terhadap PDRB meningkatkan ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat di daerah secara signifikan. Sedangkan DAK menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat di daerah secara signifikan. Sementara itu tingkat partisipasi sekolah di level universitas dan konstribusi sektor pertambangan terhadap PDRB meningkatkan ketimpangan, namun tidak signifikan dalam mempengaruhi ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat. Sedangkan tingkat partisipasi sekolah di level SMU menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat namun tidak signifikan.

The problem of income inequality occurred greater in the era of decentralization. This study aimed to determine the effect of equalization funds (DBH, DAU, DAK) against income inequality in 33 provinces in 2006-2013. The results showed that DBH, DAU, and the ratio of budget expenditures to the GRDP increased income inequality in the region significantly. DAK decreased income inequality in the region significantly. The rate of enrollment at the university level and the mining sector's contribution to the GRDP increased income inequalities, but not significant. While enrollment in the high school level decreased income inequality but not significant."
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2017
T48564
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Fadil Fabian Massarapa
"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efek dari kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal terhadap beberapa indicator ekonomi seperti pertumbuhan ekonomi dan tingkat kesenjangan ekonomi di Indonesia. Secara teori desentralisasi fiskal dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan ekonomi karena kebijakan tersebut menciptakan suatu efisiensi dengan cara mendekatkan pemerintah kepada masyarakat (Musgrave, 1959). Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa selain memberikan efek langsung, desentralisasi fiskal juga dapat memberikan efek tidak langsung terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui indikator ekonomi lain seperti tingkat kesenjangan ekonomi. Terdapat beberapa indikator yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur desentralisasi fiskal, seperti yang dijelaskan oleh IMF dalam dokumen 'Government Financial Statistics' (2001), dan penelitian ini menggunakan salah satu indicator tersebut dalam mengukur tingkat desentralisasi fiskal yaitu tingkat desentralisasi fiskal berdasarkan total penerimaan provinsi dibagi dengan total produk domestik bruto provinsi tersebut. Dan dalam rangka melakukan test 'robust' terhadap hasil pengukuran, penelitian ini juga menggunakan indikator lain dari desentralisasi fiskal dalam dokumen IMF tersebut yaitu tingkat desentralisasi fiskal berdasarkan total pengeluaran provinsi dibagi dengan total produk domestik bruto provinsi tersebut. Penelitian ini akan melakukan analisis terhadap efek dari desentralisasi fiskal di 33 provinsi di Indonesia dari tahun 2004 hingga 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis data panel dan metode 'Seemingly Unrelated Regression' (SUR) dalam proses analisis untuk mengakomodasi efek tidak langsung yang diberikan oleh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui tingkat kesenjangan. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa desentralisasi fiskal terbukti memiliki efek yang cukup signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa Efek langsung dari desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah negatif, namun efek tidak langsung dari desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui penurunan tingkat kesenjangan ekonomi adalah positif, dan apabila dianalisis lebih lanjut, total efek yang diberikan oleh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi secara langsung dan tidak langsung adalah positif.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization policy on regional economic indicators such as economic growth and inequality in Indonesia. Theoretically, fiscal decentralization can lead to economic growth because it creates efficiency by bringing government closer to the public (Musgrave, 1959). This study argues that besides directly affect economic growth, fiscal decentralization also indirectly affects economic growth through other economic indicators such economic inequality. There are several indicators can be used to measure fiscal decentralization as explained by IMF Government Financial Statistics (2001), this study uses one of them, which is fiscal decentralization as a total provincial revenue as a share of GDP as fiscal decentralization measurement, and for robustness test, this study uses the other indicator measurement from the IMF which is fiscal decentralization as a total provincial expenditure as a share of GDP. Furthermore, this study analyzes the effect of fiscal decentralization across 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2004 to 2013. This study uses panel data and seemingly unrelated regression method in the analysis to accommodate the indirect effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth through inequality. The result shows that fiscal decentralization does have a significant relationship with economic growth directly and indirectly through inequality level. The direct effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth is negative, but the positive effect of fiscal decentralization in reducing inequality levels indirectly improves economic growth, which makes the actual total effect of fiscal decentralization on economic growth is positive. Relevance to Development Studies Fiscal decentralization was first implemented in Indonesia in 2001, and after more than a decade, this policy should have given positive impact to Indonesian economy. If it does not have positive impact on the economy then Government of Indonesia should discover what went wrong with this policy. Because of that reason, this study try to analyze do the fiscal decentralization policy in Indonesia can improve their economic growth and reduce inequality level across provinces after more than years of implementation. Improving economic growth means creating more wealth for people and by reducing inequality all people can experience the effect equally. One of the purposes of Development Studies is to improve and create equal welfare for the people especially in the poor and developing countries. Because of that reason, this study is very relevance to development studies because it analyzes the impact of fiscal decentralization policy in Indonesia in improving economic growth and creating economic equality across provinces to improve their people wealth. "
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2015
T44948
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Wildan Noor Ramadhan
"Desentralisasi fiskal dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dalam pelaksanaan tugas pemerintah sebagai penyedia barang publik, salah satunya pendidikan. Pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pendidikan di Indonesia belum dapat disimpulkan kaitannya dengan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yang menemukan hasil yang berbeda. Menggunakan data panel 33 provinsi di Indonesia, dengan interval tahun 2002-2011, dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap outcome pendidikan yang diwakili oleh angka partisipasi murni SD, SMP dan SMA. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa desentralisasi fiskal signifikan memengaruhi peningkatan angka partisipasi murni SD, SMP, SMA.

Fiscal decentralization can improve efficiency in the implementation of government's duty as provider of public goods, including education. The impact of fiscal decentralization on education outcomes in Indonesia could not be concluded yet as the previous studies have different findings. Using panel data of 33 provinces from 2002-2011, this research is performed to estimates the impact of fiscal decentralization on educational outcomes in Indonesia that can be represented by by primary, middle and high school net enrollment rate. This research finds that fiscal decentralization significantly affect the increase on primary, middle and high school net enrollment rate.
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Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2014
S57418
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hasta Dwi Pradana
"Desentralisasi fiskal yang dilaksanakan sejak tahun 2001 telah membawa perubahan yang besar bagi tata kelola keuangan publik di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mencoba melihat pengaruh pelaksanaan desentralisasi fiskal di Indonesia terhadap ukuran pemerintah daerah provinsi [rasio antara pengeluaran pemerintah daerah provinsi (konsolidasi provinsi dan kabupaten kota) terhadap PDRB provinsi]. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan hipotesis yang dikemukakan oleh Brennan dan Buchanan (1980) dan Wallis dan Oates (1988) mengenai pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap ukuran pemerintah daerah.
Selain melihat pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap ukuran pemerintah daerah provinsi, penelitian ini juga mencoba melihat pengaruh ukuran pemerintah daerah provinsi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah provinsi. Hal tersebut mengacu pada hipotesis yang dikemukakan oleh Armey (1995), bahwa ukuran pemerintah juga berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan model ekonometrika data panel untuk data dari 26 provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 1995-2013.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa desentralisasi fiskal di Indonesia berpengaruh positif terhadap ukuran pemerintah daerah provinsi. Ukuran pemerintah daerah provinsi juga berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah provinsi. Namun, penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa ukuran optimal dari pemerintah daerah provinsi yang memaksimumkan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah provinsi belum/tidak terjadi di Indonesia berdasarkan data yang digunakan.

Fiscal decentralization which has been doing since 2001 brought massive transformation for the governance of the public finance in Indonesia. This research aimed to observe the effect of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia on provincial government size [ratio between provincial government expenditure (consolidation between province and district, city) on GDRP of province]. It was based on hypothesis by Brennan & Buchanan (1980) and Wallis & Oates (1988) about the effect of fiscal decentralization on subnational government size.
In addition to observing the effect of fiscal decentralization on provincial government size, this research also aimed to observe the effect of provincial government size on the regional economic growth. It based on hypothesis stated by Armey (1995) that government size is related to economic growth. Method of the research was econometric panel data modelling for data of 26 provinces in Indonesia from 1995 to 2013.
Result showed that fiscal decentralization in Indonesia had positive effect on provincial government size. Provincial government size also positively affected regional economic growth. However, this study showed that optimal size of provincial government in order to maximize regional economic growth had not or did not occur in Indonesia based on data used.
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Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2016
T45009
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ali Rizal
"[ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini menyelidiki pengaruh perubahan kebijakan fiskal selama
pelaksanaan desentralisasi fiskal terhadap ketimpangan di Indonesia. Dengan
menggunakan data panel dari 27 provinsi selama periode 2001-2012, penelitian
ini menjelaskan dampak dari peraturan baru tentang desentralisasi fiskal terhadap
ketimpangan pengeluaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan koefisien Gini, Theil L,
dan Theil T sebagai ukuran ketimpangan, sedangkan variabel independen meliputi
indeks desentralisasi fiskal (FDA dan FDB), PDRB per kapita (pcGRDP) dan
PDRB per kapita kuadrat (pcGRDP kuadrat). Variabel independen PDRB per
kapita dan PDRB per kapita kuadrat berfungsi sebagai variabel kontrol.
Hasil regresi panel menunjukkan bahwa selama pelaksanaan Undang-
Undang Nomor 25 tahun 1999 (2001-2004), desentralisasi fiskal berdampak
negatif pada ketimpangan. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa desentralisasi fiskal
mengakibatkan peningkatan ketimpangan pengeluaran. Semakin besar
desentralisasi fiskal menyebabkan semakin besarnya ketimpangan pengeluaran.
Perubahan undang-undang desentralisasi fiskal tahun 2004 menunjukkan bahwa
ketimpangan dapat dikurangi. Meskipun pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal pada
ketimpangan masih negatif setelah tahun 2004, besar dampaknya jauh lebih kecil.

ABSTRACT
This study attempts to investigate the effect of change in fiscal regulation
during implementation of fiscal decentralization on inequality in Indonesia. Using
a provincial panel data set consisting of 27 provinces during 2001-2012 periods,
this study explains the impact of new regulation on fiscal decentralization on
expenditure inequality. This study employs Gini coefficient, Theil L, and Theil T
as a measure of inequality, while independent variables include indices of fiscal
decentralization (FDA and FDB), per capita GRDP (pcGRDP) and per capita
GRDP squared (pcGRDP squared). Independent variables, pc GRDP and pcGRDP
squared serve as control variables.
The panel regression results show that during the implementation of the law
No.25/1999 (i.e., from 2001 to 2004), fiscal decentralization has a negative impact
on inequality. In particular, this study finds that fiscal decentralization appears to
have increased expenditure inequality. Higher degree of fiscal decentralization
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Universitas Indonesia
induces larger expenditure inequality. However, the implementation of the revised
fiscal decentralization law in 2004 seems to have mitigated inequality. Though the
effect of fiscal decentralization on inequality is still negative after 2004, the
magnitude of the effect is much smaller.;This study attempts to investigate the effect of change in fiscal regulation
during implementation of fiscal decentralization on inequality in Indonesia. Using
a provincial panel data set consisting of 27 provinces during 2001-2012 periods,
this study explains the impact of new regulation on fiscal decentralization on
expenditure inequality. This study employs Gini coefficient, Theil L, and Theil T
as a measure of inequality, while independent variables include indices of fiscal
decentralization (FDA and FDB), per capita GRDP (pcGRDP) and per capita
GRDP squared (pcGRDP squared). Independent variables, pc GRDP and pcGRDP
squared serve as control variables.
The panel regression results show that during the implementation of the law
No.25/1999 (i.e., from 2001 to 2004), fiscal decentralization has a negative impact
on inequality. In particular, this study finds that fiscal decentralization appears to
have increased expenditure inequality. Higher degree of fiscal decentralization
vii
Universitas Indonesia
induces larger expenditure inequality. However, the implementation of the revised
fiscal decentralization law in 2004 seems to have mitigated inequality. Though the
effect of fiscal decentralization on inequality is still negative after 2004, the
magnitude of the effect is much smaller.;This study attempts to investigate the effect of change in fiscal regulation
during implementation of fiscal decentralization on inequality in Indonesia. Using
a provincial panel data set consisting of 27 provinces during 2001-2012 periods,
this study explains the impact of new regulation on fiscal decentralization on
expenditure inequality. This study employs Gini coefficient, Theil L, and Theil T
as a measure of inequality, while independent variables include indices of fiscal
decentralization (FDA and FDB), per capita GRDP (pcGRDP) and per capita
GRDP squared (pcGRDP squared). Independent variables, pc GRDP and pcGRDP
squared serve as control variables.
The panel regression results show that during the implementation of the law
No.25/1999 (i.e., from 2001 to 2004), fiscal decentralization has a negative impact
on inequality. In particular, this study finds that fiscal decentralization appears to
have increased expenditure inequality. Higher degree of fiscal decentralization
vii
Universitas Indonesia
induces larger expenditure inequality. However, the implementation of the revised
fiscal decentralization law in 2004 seems to have mitigated inequality. Though the
effect of fiscal decentralization on inequality is still negative after 2004, the
magnitude of the effect is much smaller., This study attempts to investigate the effect of change in fiscal regulation
during implementation of fiscal decentralization on inequality in Indonesia. Using
a provincial panel data set consisting of 27 provinces during 2001-2012 periods,
this study explains the impact of new regulation on fiscal decentralization on
expenditure inequality. This study employs Gini coefficient, Theil L, and Theil T
as a measure of inequality, while independent variables include indices of fiscal
decentralization (FDA and FDB), per capita GRDP (pcGRDP) and per capita
GRDP squared (pcGRDP squared). Independent variables, pc GRDP and pcGRDP
squared serve as control variables.
The panel regression results show that during the implementation of the law
No.25/1999 (i.e., from 2001 to 2004), fiscal decentralization has a negative impact
on inequality. In particular, this study finds that fiscal decentralization appears to
have increased expenditure inequality. Higher degree of fiscal decentralization
vii
Universitas Indonesia
induces larger expenditure inequality. However, the implementation of the revised
fiscal decentralization law in 2004 seems to have mitigated inequality. Though the
effect of fiscal decentralization on inequality is still negative after 2004, the
magnitude of the effect is much smaller.]"
2016
T45210
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Mirah Nawangsari
"ABSTRAK
Sejak tahun 1990an, berbagai negara di Asia menerapkan kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal. Salah satu tujuan dari penerapan kebijakan ini adalah untuk menanggulangi kesenjangan pendapatan yang kian memburuk di masyarakat. Akan tetapi, evaluasi terhadap kebijakan ini sendiri masih menghasilkan kesimpulan yang beragam. Beberapa ahli berpendapat bahwa fiskal desentralisasi dapat memperparah kesenjangan pendapatan di daerah karena pemerintah pusat tidak lagi memegang kendali untuk mendistribusikan pendapatan nasional secara merata ke daerah. Di lain pihak, kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal justru dipandang sebagai salah satu cara mengurangi tingkat ketimpangan pendapatan karena kebijakan ini memberi insentif berupa kewenangan yang lebih luas kepada pemerintah daerah untuk memajukan daerahnya masing-masing. Guna mengetahui evaluasi kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan daerah, penelitian ini melakukan analisis kuantitatif pada level nasional dengan menggunakan data 25 provinsi meliputi periode sebelum dan sesudah penerapan desentralisasi fiskal (1994-2000 dan 2001-2010). Hasil analisis pada sisi pengeluaran pemerintah daerah menunjukkan hubungan negatif antara desentralisasi fiskal dengan ketimpangan pendapatan daerah. Hal ini berarti bahwa ketimpangan pendapatan regional menurun pada periode setelah kebijakan desentralisasi diterapkan. Disamping itu, guna mendapatkan penjelasan lebih lanjut mengenai hasil estimasi pada tingkat nasional, dilakukan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif (regresi) pada tingkat provinsi, yaitu Provinsi DI Yogyakarta.

ABSTRACT
Since 1990s, many Asian countries implemented a decentralization reform of their government system. One of the purposes of this reform was to mitigate the increasing income disparity. The evaluation of this policy is, however, contradictory. Many scholars argued that a fiscal decentralization increased regional income disparity because the central government lost its power to redistribute the national income. On the other hand, it was insisted that decentralization decreased regional income inequality because it could enhance the efforts of local government to improve the economic performance of their region. To come to a plausible evaluation, this study conducts an empirical analysis of the effect of fiscal decentralization on regional income equality in Indonesia, where a radical decentralization reform was implemented in 2001. Using panel data of 25 provinces in this country, this study conducts a regression analysis of the data for the period before and after the reform (1994 to 2000 and 2001 to 2010). Our analysis shows a negative correlation between fiscal decentralization and regional income disparity, which means that the former reduced the latter. On top of this national level analysis, we did research on Yogyakarta Province to know more precisely the process and meaning of the decentralization reform in Indonesia."
2013
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muhammad Rafi
"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh dan pengeluaran kesehatan pengaruh kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal terhadap harapan hidup masyarakat di daerah kabupaten/kota di Indonesia dengan menggunakan PDRB per kapita sebagai variabel kontrol. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 204 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Titik 1996 dan 1999 digunakan sebagai representasi sebelum menerapkan kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal dan periode 2005 dan 2006 digunakan sebagai representasi setelahnya implementasi kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi data panel dengan metode Random Effect Model (MER). Hasil regresi menunjukkan pengeluaran itu kesehatan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap harapan hidup masyarakat di wilayah kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Dampak kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal telah efek positif dan signifikan terhadap harapan hidup orang-orang di daerah tersebut kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Pemerintah kabupaten/kota di Indonesia dapat memaksimalkan potensi masing-masing daerah seperti Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) sehingga peningkatan sumber pendapatan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengeluaran kesehatan. Dampak kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal terhadap usia harapan hidup dapat terjadi digunakan sebagai referensi oleh pemerintah kabupaten/kota di Indonesia untuk mengevaluasi sistem desentralisasi fiskal yang telah diterapkan.

Health expenditure influence of fiscal decentralization policies on community life expectancy in district/city areas in Indonesia by using per capita GRDP as a variable control. This study uses a sample of 204 districts/cities in Indonesia. Points 1996 and 1999 were used as representations before implementing fiscal decentralization policies and the periods 2005 and 2006 were used as representations afterwards the implementation of fiscal decentralization policies. This study uses panel data regression using the Random Effect Model (MER) method. Regression results indicate that health spending does not have a significant effect on peoples life expectancy in the district/city in Indonesia. The impact of fiscal decentralization policies has positive and significant effects on the life expectancy of people in the area regencies/cities in Indonesia. District/city governments in Indonesia can maximize the potential of each region such as Regional Original Revenue (PAD) so that an increase in revenue sources is expected to increase health expenditure. The impact of fiscal decentralization policies on life expectancy can occur used as a reference by district/city governments in Indonesia to evaluate the fiscal decentralization system that has been implemented."
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2019
S-pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Alamanda
"Ketimpangan pendapatan dan kemiskinan telah menjadi permasalahan utama dalam studi pembangunan sejak tahun 1970-an. Meskipun ada berbagai faktor yang secara teoritis terkait dengan insiden kemiskinan dan ketimpangan pendapatan, pilihan mengenai jenis dan struktur pengeluaran pemerintah sering dikutip sebagai salah satu faktor penentu penting. Namun, bukti ilmiah atas permasalahan ini masih belum bisa disimpulkan, dan penelitian atas kasus di Indonesia masih sangat sedikit. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk berkontribusi dengan memanfaatkan data panel 33 propinsi dari tahun 2005 sampai dengan 2017 untuk menguji pengaruh berbagai jenis pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan dan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan fixed effect, random effect, dan Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SURE) sistem, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa bantuan sosial, subsidi dan pengeluaran hibah memiliki efek yang tidak signifikan dalam mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan dan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Namun, bukti empiris menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran infrastruktur memiliki korelasi negatif dengan ketimpangan pendapatan di daerah perkotaan (ketika menggunakan random effect model), dan daerah pedesaan (ketika menggunakan fixed effect model), keduanya signifikan secara statistik pada tingkat 5%. Selain itu, pengeluaran infrastruktur juga berkorelasi negatif dan signifikan dengan kemiskinan di Indonesia, dan dampaknya lebih signifikan di daerah pedesaan daripada perkotaan.

The issues of income inequality and poverty have become key issues in development studies since the 1970s. Although there are various factors theoretically associated with the incidence of poverty and income inequality, choices regarding the types and structure of government expenditure are often quoted as one of the crucial determinants. However, the evidence is still inconclusive, and the research about these issues in the case of Indonesia is still minimum. This paper tries to contribute to the discussion by analysing a panel data set of 33 provinces from 2005 to 2017 to examine the effect of different types of government expenditure on income inequality and poverty in Indonesia. Using the fixed effect, random effect, and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SURE) system, this paper finds that social aid, subsidy and grant expenditure have an insignificant effect on reducing income inequality and poverty in Indonesia. However, the empirical evidence suggests that infrastructure spending has a negative correlation with income inequality in urban areas (when using the random effect model), and rural areas (when using the fixed effect model), both are statistically significant at the 5% level. In addition, infrastructure expenditure is also negatively and significantly correlated with poverty in Indonesia, and the impact is more significant in rural than urban areas."
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2019
T55139
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Slamet Turseno
"ABSTRAK
Dalam melihat keterkaitan desentralisasi fiskal terhadap tingkat korupsi, teori dan hasil kajian menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda. Sehingga kesimpulan yang dirumuskanpun bersifat kontekstual. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian sejenis ini akan tetap relevan dilakukan termasuk untuk konteks Indonesia.
Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk membuktikan bagaimana pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap tingkat korupsi di tingkat kota di Indonesia serta untuk melihat pengaruh berbagai faktor lainnya terhadap korupsi. Data yang digunakan adalah data panel 20 kota di Indonesia yang menjadi unit analisis dalam kurun waktu tahun 2006, 2008 dan 2010. Model yang digunakan diestimasi dengan menggunakan metode regresi data panel Common Effect.
Variabel terikat dalam tesis ini adalah tingkat korupsi, sedangkan sebagai variabel bebasnya adalah tingkat desentralisasi fiskal yang diwakili oleh besarnya dana perimbangan yang ditransfer oleh pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerah setelah dikurangi Dana Alokasi Khusus dan belanja pegawai. Sedangkan sebagai variabel kontrol, digunakan variabel pendidikan, variabel PDRB per kapita, dan variabel formasi partai pemerintahan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif ekonometrika.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel yang digunakan, kecuali variabel PDRB per kapita, berpengaruh terhadap tingkat korupsi. Variabel desentralisasi fiskal berkorelasi positif dengan tingkat korupsi yang artinya semakin tinggi derajat desentralisasi fiskalnya maka akan semakin tinggi angka korupsinya. Variabel pendidikan dan variabel formasi partai pemerintahan berkorelasi negatif terhadap tingkat korupsi di daerah. Sedangkan variabel PDRB per kapita dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel ini tidak berpengaruh pada angka korupsi.
Secara umum dapat disimpulkan bahwa desentralisasi fiskal membawa pengaruh meningkatkan angka korupsi di daerah. Sehingga perlu adanya kajian yang lebih mendalam agar kebijakan ini dapat berjalan lebih baik lagi.

ABSTRACT
In view of the fiscal decentralization towards the level of interconnectedness of corruption, theory and results of the study showed different results. So that conclusion was formulated is contextual. Therefore, this kind of research will remain relevant to include the context of Indonesia.
This research is intended to prove how the influence of fiscal decentralization to the level of corruption in the level of district in Indonesia as well as to see the influence of various factors to corruption. The data used is panel data of 20 districts in Indonesia becomes a unit of analysis in the period of 2006, 2008 and 2010. A model used estimated by using the method of regression data panel common effect.
Dependent Variable in this thesis is level corruption, while as independent variable is level of fiscal decentralization represented by Fund of Counter balance transferred by the central government to local government after deducting Special Allocation Fund and Officer Expense. While the control variable is used as a variable, education, GDP per capita, variables and variable formation of the Party of Government. The approach used is quantitative econometrics.
The results of this research indicate that all of the variables used, unless the variable is GDP per capita, have an effect on the level of corruption. Fiscal decentralization variable correlated positively with the level of corruption, which means that the higher the degree of fiscal decentralization then his numbers will be higher. Education and formation variable party government correlate negatively to the level of corruption in the region. While the per capita GDP variables in this study indicates that this variable has no effect on the number of corruption.
In general it can be concluded that fiscal decentralization brought the influence of increasing numbers of corruption in the region. So the need for a deeper study of this policy in order to be able to walk better."
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2012
T33199
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Guruh Panca Nugraha
"Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk meneliti apakah penurunan kemiskinan di Indonesia terkait dengan penerapan desentralisasi fiskal. Ukuran kemiskinan yang digunakan adalah poverty headcount index (P0), poverty gap index (P1), dan poverty severity index (P2), sedangkan ukuran derajat desentralisasi fiskal (FD) yang digunakan adalah indikator pendapatan/revenue indicator (RI), indikator belanja/expenditure indicator (EI), dan indikator otonomi/autonomy indicator (AI). Indikator-indikator FD tersebut diadaptasi dari konsep yang disajikan oleh Akai dan Sakata (2002). Guna memastikan robustness model penelitian, kajian ini menerapkan static and dynamic panel data analyses. Static panel data analysis dilakukan dengan menggunakan ordinary least square dan fixed effect (FE) method, sementara dynamic panel data analysis dilakukan dengan menggunakan System Generalized Method of Moment (Sys GMM), yang dikembangkan oleh Arellano dan Bover (1995) serta Blundell dan Bond (1998). Hasil dari static dan dynamic panel data analyses secara konsisten menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan derajat desentralisasi fiskal dapat menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan, meskipun dalam estimasi dengan menggunakan FE dan Sys GMM, desentralisasi fiskal membutuhkan jeda waktu untuk mempengaruhi tingkat kemiskinan. Hasil penelitian ini mempunyai dampak kebijakan, yaitu bahwa pemerintah harus terus menyempurnakan desain desentralisasi fiskal, terutama terkait dengan kewenangan pemerintah daerah dalam hal pendapatan, belanja, dan kemandirian fiskal.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether poverty reduction in Indonesia is correlated with fiscal decentralization. Poverty measures used are poverty headcount index (P0), poverty gap index (P1), and poverty severity index (P2), whereas the measures of degree of fiscal decentralization (FD) are revenue indicator (RI), expenditure indicator (EI), and autonomy indicator (AI). These FD indicators are adapted from the concept presented by Akai and Sakata (2002). In order to ascertain the robustness of the model, this study applies both static and dynamic panel data analyses. The static panel data analysis is conducted using ordinary least square and fixed effect (FE) method, whereas the dynamic panel data analysis is conducted using System Generalized Method of Moment (Sys GMM), which is developed by Arellano and Bover (1995) and Blundell and Bond (1998). The results of both static and dynamic panel data analyses consistently show that an increase in degree of fiscal decentralization lowers poverty, although in estimation of FE and Sys GMM, fiscal decentralization needs time lag to affect poverty. These results have policy implication that government of Indonesia needs to improve fiscal decentralization design, mainly related to the revenue authority, expenditure authority, and fiscal independency of local governments.
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Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2012
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