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"ABSTRAKIdentifikasi fase pacu tumbuh pubertas penting untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektifitas perawatan maloklusi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis potensi kadar Bone-Specific Alkaline Phosphatase BALP saliva dan parameter klinis sebagai prediktor fase pacu tumbuh pubertas dengan memperhatikan berbagai faktor tumbuh kembang skeletal. Penelitian diagnostik dengan sampel 136 orang ini menggunakan metode Cervical Vertebrae Maturation System CVMS Bacceti sebagai baku emas. Melalui analisis regresi multinomial dihasilkan model prediksi dengan nilai sensitifitas 78 untuk fase pra-puncak dan 57,7 untuk fase puncak, sedangkan nilai spesifisitas fase pasca-puncak 81,4 . Fase pacu tumbuh pubertas terutama pra-puncak dan pasca-puncak dapat diprediksi menggunakan kadar BALP saliva dan parameter klinis.

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ABSTRACTThe identification of growth spurt phase of puberty is important as it enhances the efficiency and effectiveness of malocclusion treatment. The objective of this study was to analyse the potential of the level of salivary Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase BALP and clinical parameters as a predictor of growth spurt phase of puberty by taking into account various factors affecting skeletal growth. The diagnostic test with the sample of 136 people was conducted by using the method of Cervical Vertebrae Maturation System CVMS from Bacceti as the gold standard. Multinomial regression analysis produced predictive models with 78 sensitivity at the pre peak phase and 57.7 at the peak phase, whereas the specificity of post peak phase was 81.4 . The growth spurt phase of puberty especially at the phases of pre peak and post peak can be predicted by using salivary BALP level and clinical parameters."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) disebabkan penyempitan arteri koronaria jantung, terdapat hipotesis mengenai infeksi periodontal yang dapat meningkatkan faktor risiko terjadinya PJK. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) sebagai penanda inflamasi akan meningkat pada aterosklerosis dan penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar ALP dalam saliva pada penderita PJK dan non PJK dengan status periodontal. Metode: Saliva dari 104 subjek diambil sebanyak 1 ml, kadar ALP dianalisis menggunakan Abbott architect ci4100. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar ALP dalam saliva antara penderita PJK dan non PJK. Kesimpulan: ALP dalam saliva pada penderita PJK lebih tinggi daripada non PJK dan tidak ada hubungan ALP dengan status periodontal.

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Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a disease that causes narrowing of the coronary arteries. Currently, there is a hypothesis regarding periodontal infection that increase risk for heart disease. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as a marker of inflammation will increase in atherosclerosis and periodontal disease.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the levels of alkaline phosphatase in saliva with periodontal status in patients with CHD and non CHD.

Methods: saliva of 104 subjects were taken, each 1 ml, and levels of Alkaline Phosphatase was analyzed using Abbott ci4100 architect.

Results: No significant difference of Alkaline Phosphatase levels in saliva between CHD patients and non CHD.

Conclusion: The level of ALP in saliva was higher in patients with CHD and no association between ALP level and periodontal status."

"[ABSTRAKOsteosarcoma adalah keganasan tulang tersering yang ditemukan pada usia muda. Terdapat beberapa faktor prognosis yang mempengaruhi, antara lain, staging, jenis kelamin dan usia. Pada osteosarcoma sel ganas menghasilkan alkaline fosphatase dan laktat dehidrogenase yang dihasilkan dari metabolisme sel kanker. Serum alkalin fosphatase (SAP) dan laktat dehidrogenase (LDH) dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu faktor prediktor prognosis.Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah SAP dan LDH dapat dijadikan faktor prediktor prognostik dan memperkirakan angka kesintasan pasien osteosarcoma.Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode potong-lintang untuk melihat hubungan antara usia, jenis kelamin, dan angka kesintasan 1 tahun dengan SAP dan LDH pada pasien osteosarcoma.Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Departemen Orthopedi dan Traumatologi dan Departemen Patologi Anatomi FKUI/RSCM. Dari 303 pasien yang didiagnosis dengan osteosarcoma pada tahun 1995-2011, hanya 55 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri atas 39 pasien laki-laki, 16 pasien perempuan dan umumnya berusia 20 tahun. Analisis dari penelitian ini menggunakan chi-square dan korelasi spearman. Dari hasil studi ini, tidak ditemukan asosiasi antara SAP dan LDH sebelum terapi dengan usia, jenis kelamin dan angka kesintasan 1 tahun.

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ABSTRACTOsteosarcoma is a bone malignancy that most commonly occurs in the young age. In this disease, there are many prognosis factor, hence, stage of the disease, gender and age.Alkaline phosphatase enzyme is produced by osteosarcoma cells and thus, increase in this malignancy. Whereas, LDH involve in cancer cell metabolism. Currently, the use of both Serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be used as a prognostic factor.The research aims is to find out whether SAP and LDH, in addition to other prognostic factors, can be used to predict survivability of osteosarcoma patients. This research is a cross-sectional study and will discuss the association between age, gender, 1 year survival to the SAP and LDH in osteosarcoma patients.This study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology and Department of Pathology Anatomy FMUI/RSCM. There were 303 patients who are admitted to this hospital between the year 1995 to 2011, there were only 55 subjects included in this study that suit to the inclusion criteria. The analyses of this research was done using chi-square and spearman correlation.The sample were predominated by male (n=39), female (n=16) and the majority was the age of 20.In the results of this study, there were no association between pretreatment SAP and LDH with age, gender, and 1 year survival.;Osteosarcoma is a bone malignancy that most commonly occurs in the young age. In this disease, there are many prognosis factor, hence, stage of the disease, gender and age.Alkaline phosphatase enzyme is produced by osteosarcoma cells and thus, increase in this malignancy. Whereas, LDH involve in cancer cell metabolism. Currently, the use of both Serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be used as a prognostic factor.The research aims is to find out whether SAP and LDH, in addition to other prognostic factors, can be used to predict survivability of osteosarcoma patients. This research is a cross-sectional study and will discuss the association between age, gender, 1 year survival to the SAP and LDH in osteosarcoma patients.This study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology and Department of Pathology Anatomy FMUI/RSCM. There were 303 patients who are admitted to this hospital between the year 1995 to 2011, there were only 55 subjects included in this study that suit to the inclusion criteria. The analyses of this research was done using chi-square and spearman correlation.The sample were predominated by male (n=39), female (n=16) and the majority was the age of 20.In the results of this study, there were no association between pretreatment SAP and LDH with age, gender, and 1 year survival.;Osteosarcoma is a bone malignancy that most commonly occurs in the young age. In this disease, there are many prognosis factor, hence, stage of the disease, gender and age.Alkaline phosphatase enzyme is produced by osteosarcoma cells and thus, increase in this malignancy. Whereas, LDH involve in cancer cell metabolism. Currently, the use of both Serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be used as a prognostic factor.The research aims is to find out whether SAP and LDH, in addition to other prognostic factors, can be used to predict survivability of osteosarcoma patients. This research is a cross-sectional study and will discuss the association between age, gender, 1 year survival to the SAP and LDH in osteosarcoma patients.This study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology and Department of Pathology Anatomy FMUI/RSCM. There were 303 patients who are admitted to this hospital between the year 1995 to 2011, there were only 55 subjects included in this study that suit to the inclusion criteria. The analyses of this research was done using chi-square and spearman correlation.The sample were predominated by male (n=39), female (n=16) and the majority was the age of 20.In the results of this study, there were no association between pretreatment SAP and LDH with age, gender, and 1 year survival.;Osteosarcoma is a bone malignancy that most commonly occurs in the young age. In this disease, there are many prognosis factor, hence, stage of the disease, gender and age.Alkaline phosphatase enzyme is produced by osteosarcoma cells and thus, increase in this malignancy. Whereas, LDH involve in cancer cell metabolism. Currently, the use of both Serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be used as a prognostic factor.The research aims is to find out whether SAP and LDH, in addition to other prognostic factors, can be used to predict survivability of osteosarcoma patients. This research is a cross-sectional study and will discuss the association between age, gender, 1 year survival to the SAP and LDH in osteosarcoma patients.This study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology and Department of Pathology Anatomy FMUI/RSCM. There were 303 patients who are admitted to this hospital between the year 1995 to 2011, there were only 55 subjects included in this study that suit to the inclusion criteria. The analyses of this research was done using chi-square and spearman correlation.The sample were predominated by male (n=39), female (n=16) and the majority was the age of 20.In the results of this study, there were no association between pretreatment SAP and LDH with age, gender, and 1 year survival.;Osteosarcoma is a bone malignancy that most commonly occurs in the young age. In this disease, there are many prognosis factor, hence, stage of the disease, gender and age.Alkaline phosphatase enzyme is produced by osteosarcoma cells and thus, increase in this malignancy. Whereas, LDH involve in cancer cell metabolism. Currently, the use of both Serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be used as a prognostic factor.The research aims is to find out whether SAP and LDH, in addition to other prognostic factors, can be used to predict survivability of osteosarcoma patients. This research is a cross-sectional study and will discuss the association between age, gender, 1 year survival to the SAP and LDH in osteosarcoma patients.This study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology and Department of Pathology Anatomy FMUI/RSCM. There were 303 patients who are admitted to this hospital between the year 1995 to 2011, there were only 55 subjects included in this study that suit to the inclusion criteria. The analyses of this research was done using chi-square and spearman correlation.The sample were predominated by male (n=39), female (n=16) and the majority was the age of 20.In the results of this study, there were no association between pretreatment SAP and LDH with age, gender, and 1 year survival., Osteosarcoma is a bone malignancy that most commonly occurs in the young age. In this disease, there are many prognosis factor, hence, stage of the disease, gender and age.Alkaline phosphatase enzyme is produced by osteosarcoma cells and thus, increase in this malignancy. Whereas, LDH involve in cancer cell metabolism. Currently, the use of both Serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) can be used as a prognostic factor.The research aims is to find out whether SAP and LDH, in addition to other prognostic factors, can be used to predict survivability of osteosarcoma patients. This research is a cross-sectional study and will discuss the association between age, gender, 1 year survival to the SAP and LDH in osteosarcoma patients.This study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology and Department of Pathology Anatomy FMUI/RSCM. There were 303 patients who are admitted to this hospital between the year 1995 to 2011, there were only 55 subjects included in this study that suit to the inclusion criteria. The analyses of this research was done using chi-square and spearman correlation.The sample were predominated by male (n=39), female (n=16) and the majority was the age of 20.In the results of this study, there were no association between pretreatment SAP and LDH with age, gender, and 1 year survival.]"

"Latar belakang: Anak yang menderita Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut LLA menunjukkan peningkatan sistem imun pada akhir perawatan kemoterapi. sIgA merupakan hasil dari sistem imun yang ada pada saliva. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan kadar sIgA saliva antara anak LLA fase pemeliharaan dengan gingivitis dan anak sehat dengan gingivitis. Metode Penelitian: Saliva diambil dari anak LLA dan anak sehat. selanjutnya kadar sIgA saliva diukur dengan metode ELISA. Hasil: Signifikansi Mann-Whitney menunjukkan besar 0.157 p>0.05 . Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan kadar sIgA saliva antara anak LLA fase pemeliharaan dengan gingivitis dan anak sehat dengan gingivitis, namun tidak signifikan.

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Background: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ALL children shows an increasing of immune system in the late phase of chemotherapy. sIgA is a product of immune system in saliva.

Aim: To analyze salivary sIgA difference between ALL children in maintenance phase and healthy children with gingivitis.

Method: Saliva was collected from ALL and healthy children. The salivary sIgA level was then measured with ELISA method.

Results: Mann Whitney significance shows the number 0.157 p 0.05 .

Conclusion There is a difference in salivary sIgA levels among ALL children in the maintenance phase and healthy children with gingivitis, but the difference is not significant."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Penyakit Graves merupakan penyebab terbanyak hipertiroidisme. Remodeling pada hipertiroidisme dilaporkan meningkat terutama resorpsi tulang. Peningkatan turnover tulang terus menerus bertanggung jawab terhadap percepatan keropos tulang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat korelasi antara status tiroid dengan kadar ALP, OC sebagai penanda formasi tulang dan CTx sebagai penanda resorpsi tulang.Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan consecutive sampling pada wanita penyakit Graves usia reproduktif di Poliklinik Metabolik Endokrin RSCM pada periode Juli–September 2014. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan Mann Whitney, korelasi Spearman dan analisis ROC.Hasil: Pada 68 subyek penelitian, didapatkan 28 (41.2%) eutiroid, 23 (33.8%) hipertiroid subklinis dan 17 (25%) hipertiroid. Terdapat perbedaan median kadar penanda remodeling tulang antara kelompok eutiroid dan kelompok belum eutiroid (hipertiroid subklinis/hipertiroid) yaitu ALP (71 U/L [40-165] vs 91.5 U/L [39-256]), OC (19.48 ng/mL [10.95-92.70] vs 32.46 ng/mL [13.31-137.0]), dan CTx (0.36 ng/mL [0.11-1.24] vs 0.613 [0.11-1.93]).Pada uji Spearman didapatkan tidak ada korelasi yang bermakna antara FT4 dengan ALP (r=0.106 p=0.389); terdapat korelasi positif yang bermakna FT4 dengan OC dan CTx (r=0.289 p=0.017 dan r=0.265 p=0.029); terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna antara TSH dengan ketiga penanda tulang yaitu ALP (r=- 0.240 p=0.049), OC (r=-0.450 p=<0.001) dan CTx (r=-0.420 p<0.001). Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas diskriminasi TSH dengan kadar serum CTx adalah baik dengan nilai 70.72% dan 70.96% dan titik potong TSH yang didapatkan adalah 0.015 μIU/mL.Simpulan: Median ALP, OC dan CTx pada kelompok belum eutiroid lebih tinggi daripada kelompok eutiroid. Terdapat korelasi positif yang bermakna antara FT4 dengan OC dan CTx. Terdapat korelasi negatif yang bermakna antara TSH dengan ALP, OC dan CTx. Titik potong TSH 0.015μIU/mL merupakan penanda yang sensitif dan spesifik untuk kadar serum CTx.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Grave's disease (GD) is one of the main causes of hyperthyroidism. Bone remodelling has been reported to increase in hyperthyroidisme, especially bone resorption. Continuous increase in bone remodelling has been held responsible for accelerated bone loss. The aim of this study is to find correlation between thyroid status and serum ALP and OC levels as bone formation marker as well as serum CTx as bone resorption marker.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving reproductive-age women with GD who attended endocrine metabolic outpatient clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital from July to September 2014. Sampling was conducted by mean of consecutive sampling. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann-Whitney, Spearman correlation and ROC analysis.Results: From 68 subjects, 28 (41.2%) were euthyroidism, 23 (33.8%) were subclinical hyperthyroidism and 17 (25%) were hyperthyroidism. We found the difference in median concentration of bone markers between euthyroidism group and non euthyroidism group (subclinical hyperthyroidism/hyperthyroidism) i.e. ALP (71 U/L [40-165] vs 91.5 U/L [39-256]), OC (19.48 ng/mL [10.95-92.70] vs 32.46 ng/mL [13.31-137.0]), and CTx (0.36 ng/mL [0.11-1.24] vs 0.613 [0.11- 1.93]). Spearman test used to find correlation between FT4 and bone markers showed no significant correlation between FT4 and ALP (r=0.106, p=0.389). Nevertheless, FT4 was significantly correlated with OC and CTx in a positive manner (r=0.017 and r=0.265, p=0.029). Correlation between TSH and bone markers was found to be significantly negative (ALP [r=-0.240, p=0.049], OC [r=-0.450, p=<0.001] and CTx [r=-0.420, p=<0.001]). Sensitivity and specificity of TSH discrimination with serum concentration of CTx was 70.72% and 70.96% respectively with obtained cut off for TSH was 0.015 μIU/mL.Conclusion: Median value of the three bone markers are higher in non euthyroidism group compared to that of euthyroid group. The correlation between FT4 and OC or CTx is positive and significant. Cut-off point of 0.015 μIU/mL for TSH is a sensitive and specific marker for serum concentration of CTx."

"Kunjungan ke dokter gigi dapat menyebabkan rasa tidak nyaman. Hal ini dapat menjadi sumber rasa cemas atau takut pada semua tingkat usia khususnya pada anak. Salah satu cara untuk menurunkan kecemasan tersebut adalah dengan memberikan video training mengenai perawatan gigi yang merupakan modifikasi manajemen perilaku modeling. Indikator dalam mengukur kecemasan anak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kadar alpha amylase dan kalsium saliva. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan video training 'Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi' dan tingkat kecemasan anak usia 7 tahun. Desain penelitian ini adalah analitik cross-sectional. Sebanyak 23 anak usia 7 tahun diberikan video training 'Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi' dan dinilai tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah video training menggunakan indikator kadar alpha amylase dan kalsium saliva. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan video training 'Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi' dan penurunan tingkat kecemasan anak usia 7 tahun berdasarkan kadar alpha amylase dan kalsium saliva. (p=0,001).

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A visit to the dentist can cause discomfort. This can be a source of anxiety or fear at all age levels, especially in children. One way to reduce the anxiety in dental care is to provide video training, which is a modification of modeling behavior management. Indicators in measuring anxiety in this study are the level of salivary alpha amylase and salivary calcium. The purpose is to analyze the correlations of video training 'Visit to the Dentist' and level of anxiety in children aged 7 years old. The study design is analytic cross-sectional. A total of 23 children aged 7 years old given video training "Visit to the Dentist" and assessed the level of anxiety before and after watching the video training using indicators of levels of salivary alpha amylase and salivary calcium. The result is that there is a correlations of video training 'Visit to the Dentist' and reduced level of anxiety in children aged 7 years old based on the levels of salivary alpha amylase and salivary calcium (p=0,001)."

"Kitosan dan deksametason merupakan material yang digunakan dalam rekayasa jaringan tulang. Kitosan biasa digunakan sebagai scaffold, sedangkan deksametason sering digunakan sebagai sinyal. Salah satu penanda diferensiasi osteoblas adalah Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efek kitosan dibandingkan deksametason dalam menginduksi diferensiasi osteoblas melalui aktivitas ALP pada sel punca pulpa gigi (SPPG). Aktivitas ALP dianalisis dengan ALP assay. Terdapat 4 perlakuan yang memiliki aktivitas ALP diatas kontrol, yakni kitosan 5 ng/ml, deksametason 10 nM dan 100 nM, serta campuran kitosan 5 ng/ml dan deksametason 10 nM. Peningkatan konsentrasi deksametason meningkatkan aktivitas ALP. Peningkatan konsentrasi kitosan menurunkan aktivitas ALP.

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Chitosan and dexamethasone are materials that can be used in bone tissue engineering. Chitosan is often used as a scaffold, while dexamethasone is often used as signal. One of the markers of osteoblast differentiation is Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This research objective is to analyse the effects of chitosan compared to dexamethasone in inducing osteoblast differentiation through ALP activity in Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs). ALP activity determined by ALP Assay. There were four treatments that have higher activity than the control, they are chitosan 5 ng/ml, 10 nM dexamethasone and 100 nM, and mixture of chitosan 5 ng/ml and 10 nM dexamethasone. The increased concentrations of dexamethasone increases ALP activity and the higher concentration of chitosan will decrease the ALP activity."

"Latar belakang: Celah bibir dan palatum atau cleft lip and palate (CLP) merupakan kelainan kongenital multifaktorial yang mengakibatkan pasien memiliki defek pada jaringan lunak dan keras di bagian bibir dan palatum. Pasien celah bibir dan palatum umumnya menderita gangguan estetik dan fungsi stomatognatik. Sehingga, untuk mengembalikan fungsinya maka harus dilakukan perawatan rekonstruksi tulang alveolar. Baku emas dalam perawataan ini ialah menggunakan autologous bone grafting. Namun, perawatan ini masih memiliki kekurangan sehingga dikembangkan perawatan yang baru dengan teknik rekayasa jaringan dengan sel punca mesenkim. Salah satu sumber sel punca mesenkim yaitu berasal dari jaringan pulpa gigi yaitu sel punca pulpa gigi permanen atau dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) dan sel punca pulpa gigi sulung atau stem cells from human deciduous teeth (SHED). Kemampuan osteogenik dari sel punca merupakan salah satu faktor pertimbangan untuk pemakaian sel dalam rekayasa jaringan rekonstruksi tulang. Sementara kemampuan osteogenik dari SHED dan DPSCs CLP belum diketahui.Tujuan: Mengetahui potensi kemampuan dan perbandingan potensi osteogenik dari sel punca gigi permanen dan sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum dengan melihat ekspresi gen Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dan Collagen Type I Alpha 1 (COL1A1).Metode: Sampel RNA yang diperoleh dari ekstraksi RNA sel jaringan pulpa gigi sulung dan permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum diuji dengan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan primers Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Collagen Type-I (COL1A1) dan Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) sebagai housekeeping gene. Hasil: Ekspresi relatif gen ALP pada sel punca pulpa gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum mengalami penurunan dibandingkan dengan sel punca gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum. Sementara untuk ekspresi gen COL1A1 pada sel punca pulpa gigi sulung pasien celah bibir dan palatum tidak memiliki perbedaan dibandingkan dengan sel punca gigi permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum.Kesimpulan: Sel punca pulpa gigi sulung dan permanen pasien celah bibir dan palatum memiliki potensi kemampuan osteogenik dikarenakan keduanya mengekspresikan gen marker osteogenik seperti ALP dan COL1A1.

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Background: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a multifactorial congenital disorder that results in patients having soft and hard tissue defects in the lips and palate. Patients with cleft lip and palate commonly suffer from aesthetic and stomatognathic function disorders. Therefore, to restore its function, alveolar bone reconstruction treatment must be done. The gold standard in this treatment is to perform autologous bone grafting. However, as autologous bone grafting still has associated shortcomings, new treatments using tissue engineering techniques with mesenchymal stem cells are being developed. One of the mesenchymal stem cells sources that can be used is derived from dental pulp tissue, namely permanent dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and primary dental pulp stem cells or stem cells from human deciduous teeth (SHED). Osteogenic ability of the stem cells is one of the factors considered for the use of cells in tissue engineering bone reconstruction. Osteogenic ability of SHED and DPSCs hasn’t been fully explored.

Objective: To determine the potential ability and to compare osteogenic potential of DPSCs and SHED from cleft lip and palate patients by looking at the expression of the Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and Collagen Type I Alpha 1 (COL1A1) genes.

Methods: RNA samples obtained from RNA cells extraction in deciduous and permanent dental pulp tissue of patients with cleft lip and palate were tested with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) primers, Collagen Type I Alpha 1 (COL1A1) primers and Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) primers as housekeeping gene.

Results: The relative expression of ALP genes in SHED from CLP patients decreased compared to DPSCs from patients with CLP. As for the expression of the COL1A1 gene, there was no difference in expression between SHED from patients with cleft lip and palate and DPSCs in patients with cleft lip and palate.

Conclusion: SHED and DPSCs CLP has osteogenic abilities."

"Latar Belakang: Defek tulang yang besar membutuhkan pendekatan regenerasi tulang. Material hidroksiapatit (HA) dan gelatin telah banyak diteliti dan dikombinasikan karena sifatnya yang saling melengkapi dan meningkatkan aktivitas regenerasi tulang. Penambahan zat alami seperti propolis yang salah satunya memiliki kandungan Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Esters (CAPE) dapat menstimulasi pertumbuhan jaringan dan meningkatkan kadar biomarker pertumbuhan tulang. Oleh karena itu kombinasi biomaterial HA-gelatin-propolis yang belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas regenerasi tulang yang dapat dilihat dari kadar alkali fosfatase (ALP) dan osteokalsin (OC) yang disekresikan oleh osteoblas.Tujuan: Menganalisis kadar ALP dan OC pada medium kultur biakan sel osteoblas setelah dipajan elusi hidroksiapatit, gelatin, dan propolis 6% .Metode: Human Osteoblast Cell line MG-63 dibiakan dan dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok pajanan yaitu kontrol, HA, propolis 6%, HA-gelatin, HA-propolis 6%, dan HA-gelatin-propolis 6%. Kadar ALP dan OC dianalisis pada medium kultur 7, 14, dan 21 hari setelah pemajanan kemudian dikuantifikasi menggunakan Uji ELISA.Hasil: Kadar ALP dan OC seluruh kelompok mengalami peningkatan pada hari ke-7 dan 14 serta pengalami penurunan pada hari ke-21. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kelompok pajanan HA-gelatin-propolis 6% dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kelompok HA, propolis 6%, dan HA-gelatin menunjukkan kadar yang lebih tinggi dari kontrol. Perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05) terdapat pada kelompok propolis 6%. Kenaikan kadar ALP berkorelasi positif sedang dengan kenaikan kadar OC (r = 0,385, p=0,001).Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna aktivitas proliferasi dan diferensiasi sel osteoblas yang dilihat dari kadar biomarker ALP dan OC pada pajanan elusi HA-gelatin-propolis 6% dibanding kelompok kontrol.

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Background: Large bone defects require a bone regeneration approach. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and gelatin have been widely studied and combined because of their complementary properties and increasing bone regeneration activity. The addition of natural substances such as propolis, one of which contains Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Esters (CAPE) can stimulate tissue growth and increase levels of bone growth biomarkers. Therefore, the combination of HA-gelatin-propolis biomaterial that has never been done before, is expected to increase bone regeneration activity which can be seen from the levels of bone growth biomarkers alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) secreted by osteoblasts.

Objective: To analyze the levels of bone formation biomarkers such as ALP and OC in osteoblast cell culture medium after exposure to hydroxyapatite, gelatin, and propolis 6% elution.

Methods: This research is an in vitro laboratory study. Human Osteoblast Cell line MG-63 was cultured and divided into 6 groups, namely control, HA, propolis 6%, HA-gelatin, HA-propolis 6%, and HA-gelatin-propolis 6 %. ALP and OC levels were analyzed on culture medium 7, 14, and 21 days after exposure and then quantified using the ELISA test.

Results: ALP and OC levels in all groups increased on the 7th and 14th days and decreased on the 21st day. There was no significant difference in the HA-gelatin-propolis 6% exposure group compared to the control group. The 6% propolis and HA-gelatin groups showed higher levels than the control and a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found in the 6% propolis group. An increase in ALP levels was positively correlated with an increase in OC levels (r = 0.385, p = 0.001).

Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the proliferative and differentiation activity of osteoblasts as seen from the levels of biomarkers of ALP and OC in the HA-gelatin-propolis 6% elution exposure compared to the control group."

"Ruang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Enzim fosfatase alkali antara lain digunakan dalam teknik ?enzyme immunoassay?, untuk mengukur kadar sesuatu zat dalam cairan tubuh dalam jumlah yang sangat kecil. Dalam penelitian ini diusahakan isolasi dan pemurnian enzim fosfatase alkali dari E. coli. Identifikasi kuman dilakukan dengan agar Endo, agar darah, tes pewarnaan Gram, sifat-sifat biokimia, dan tes serologik. Untuk pemurnian enzim digunakan sonikator, kromatografi pertukaran ion dengan DEAE Biogel, dan kromatografi gel dengan Sephadex G-100. Kemurnian enzim diperiksa dengan elektroforesis pada membran selulosa asetat. Aktivitas enzim secara kuantitatif ditentukan dengan spektrofotometer, dan secara kuaLitatif dapat dilihat dengan agar substrat. Kadar protein diukur dengan metoda Lowry. Terhadap fraksi gel diteliti pengaruh suhu, pH, ion logam, dan jenis bufer atas aktivitas enzim. Demikian pula ditentukan nilai Km dan Vmax, serta reaksi hidrolisis tanpa dan dengan transfosforilasi.Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Kuman diidentifikasi sebagai E. coli non-patogen. Enzim diperoleh setelah fraksi gel dengan ,pemurnian 242 kali dan hasil 59%. Pada eLektroforesis ditemukan kadar protein enzim 52,8%. Enzim memiliki pH optimum 8,0, dan tidak stabil bila diinkubasi selama 1 jam diluar pH optimum. Aktivitas enzimeningkat secara Linier sampai suhu 45° C, dengan koefisien suhu 1,49. Enzim stabil pada inkubasi selama 20 menit pada suhu 25 - 45° C. Aktivitas enzim tidak dipengaruhi penambahan ion Mg dan Zn (0,01 M). Aktivitas meningkat dengan meningkatnya molaritas bufer, Vmax terbesar didapatkan dalam buffer Tris dan Km terkeciL pada bufer AMP. Reaksi hidrolisis dan transfosforilasi berlangsung pada bufer Tris dan AMP, sedangkan pada bufer glisin hanya terjadi reaksi hidrolisis.

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Scope and Method of Study: The enzyme alkaline phosphatase is used among others in enzyme immunoassay, to enable the quantitation of a small amount of substances in body fluids. In this study, an attempt was carried out for the isolation and purification of the enzyme from E. coli. The bacteria was identified through culture on Endo and blood agar, Gram staining, biochemical tests, and serology. The bacteria were disrupted by ultrasonication, and the enzyme purified by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE Biogel followed by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100. Enzyme purity was examined by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Enzyme activity was determined by spectrophotometry, and protein concentration was measured by the method of Lowry. The gel fraction was tested for the effect of pH, temperature, metal ion, and type of buffer. The Km and Vmax was measured, for hydrolysis with and without transphosphorylation.Findings and Conclusions: The bacteria was identified as non-pathogenic E. coli. After gel chromatography the enzyme was purified 242 fold, at 59%, yield. Electrophoresis revealed that the enzyme content was 52.8 %. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 8.0, and it was unstable on standing for 1 hour outside the pH optimum. Enzyme activity increased Linearly with temperature (to 45° C), with a temperature coefficient of 1.49. The enzyme is stable for 20 minutes at 5° - 45++ C, and the activity not influenced by Mg++ and Zn++ ions (0.01 M). The activity increased with increased molarity of the buffer, the highest Vmax was observed with Tris buffer, and the Lowest Km with AMP buffer. Hydrolysis and transphosphorylation occurred in Tris and AMP buffer, while in glycine buffer only hydrolysis was observed."