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"Summary: "Regenerative medicine is broadly defined as the repair or replacement of damaged cells, tissues, and organs. It is a multidisciplinary effort in which technologies derive from the fields of cell, developmental, and molecular biology; chemical and material sciences (i.e., nanotechnology); engineering; surgery; transplantation; immunology; molecular genetics; physiology; and pharmacology. As regenerative medicine technologies continue to evolve and expand across the boundaries of numerous scientific disciplines, they remain at the forefront of the translational research frontier with the potential to radically alter the treatment of a wide variety of disease and dysfunction. The goal of this book is to draw attention to the critical role that the pharmacological sciences will undeniably play in the advancement of these treatments. This book is invaluable for advanced students, postdoctoral fellows, researchers new to the field of regenerative medicine/tissue engineering, and experienced investigators looking for new research avenues. This is the first state-of-the-art book in this rapidly evolving field of research""

"Pharmacology aims to provide a brief account of drug action, as either a study or revision aid. In doing this, the authors have generally taken a therapeutic area and considered the major classes of drugs, their actions and, to a limited degree, their uses. There are many excellent brief guides to pharmacology and so their second aim is to present a study guide which deals with molecular pharmacology at a more advanced level, so that the book is also useful for advanced pharmacology studied in the later years of pharmacy and science degrees. This study guide should therefore be useful at each level of undergraduate study"

"ABSTRACTAdvances in tissue engineering techniques have made it possible to use human cells as biological material. This has enabled pharmacological studies to be conducted to investigate drug effects and toxicity, to clarify the mechanisms underlying diseases, and to elucidate how they compensate for impaired organ function. Many researchers have tried to construct artificial organs using these techniques, but none has succeeded in growing a whole organ. Unlike other digestive organs with complicated functions, such as the processing and absorption of nutrients, the esophagus has the relatively simple function of transporting content, which can be replicated easily by a substitute. In regenerative medicine, various combinations of materials have been applied, including scaffolding, cell sources, and bioreactors. Exciting results of tissue engineering techniques for the esophagus have been reported. In animal models, replacing full-thickness and full-circumferential defects remains challenging because of stenosis and leakage after implantation. Although many reports have manipulated various scaffolds, most have emphasized the importance of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells for the prevention of stenosis. However, the results of repair of partial full-thickness defects and mucosal defects have been promising. Two successful approaches for the replacement of mucosal defects in a clinical setting have been reported, although in contrast to the many animal models, there are few pilot studies in humans. We review the recent results and evaluate the future of regenerative medicine for the esophagus."