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"Inthis study, a fuzzy-based expert system called the Pain Intensity PredictionExpert System (PIPES) was developed to predict pain severity risk (PSR) inshoveling-related tasks. The primary objective was to develop a non-changing rating risk assessment ergonomicstool that both efficientand comparable with those obtained from human ergonomics experts in the fieldof application. PIPES used fuzzy settheory (FST) to make decisions about the level of pain associated with aselected worker base on the measured task variables, namely scooping rate, scooping time, shovel load, andthrow distance as input and PSR as the result. Values obtained from variable measurements from a sand shoveling taskwere run with PIPES, and the results were compared with the workers?self-reported pain (WSRP) intensity using a numeric rating scale (NRS) tool. The result of validation showed that there was astrong positive relationship between WSRP NRS and PIPES NRS, with a correlationcoefficient of 0.70. The independent sample t-test for mean difference showed that WSRP had a statistically significantly lower level of NRS (4.35 ± 2.1)compared to PIPES (4.75 ± 2.2), t (38) = - 0.591, p = 0.558. With asignificance level of 0.001 at 95% confidence, the groups? means were notsignificantly different. The study developed an expert system, PIPES, which can be used as a computerizedrepresentation of ergonomics experts, who are scarce. PIPES can be applied to construction industries, sand mine locations,and any workplace where materials are manually moved using a shovel."

"In this study, a fuzzy-based expert system called the Pain Intensity Prediction Expert System (PIPES) was developed to predict pain severity risk (PSR) in shoveling-related tasks. The primary objective was to develop a non-changing rating risk assessment ergonomics tool that both efficient and comparable with those obtained from human ergonomics experts in the field of application. PIPES used fuzzy set theory (FST) to make decisions about the level of pain associated with a selected worker base on the measured task variables, namely scooping rate, scooping time, shovel load, and throw distance as input and PSR as the result. Values obtained from variable measurements from a sand shoveling task were run with PIPES, and the results were compared with the workers’ self-reported pain (WSRP) intensity using a numeric rating scale (NRS) tool. The result of validation showed that there was a strong positive relationship between WSRP NRS and PIPES NRS, with a correlation coefficient of 0.70. The independent sample t-test for mean difference showed that WSRP had a statistically significantly lower level of NRS (4.35 ± 2.1) compared to PIPES (4.75 ± 2.2), t (38) = - 0.591, p = 0.558. With a significance level of 0.001 at 95% confidence, the groups’ means were not significantly different. The study developed an expert system, PIPES, which can be used as a computerized representation of ergonomics experts, who are scarce. PIPES can be applied to construction industries, sand mine locations, and any workplace where materials are manually moved using a shovel."

"Bus arrival time is veryimportant to passengers, not only at the origin terminal but also at everystop. If there is no predicted arrival time at a stop, the headway designedshould match the bus frequency at the stop. The uncertainty in bus arrival timecan hinder the headway from matching the bus frequency at the stops. Moreover,lack of information on the service route and actual arrival times at stopsleads to difficulty for passengers in planning their trips. Observation surveyswere conducted to collect data on the problems of bus arrival frequency anduncertain arrival times at a selected stop with multiple routes during off-peakhours in Putrajaya Malaysia. This paper proposes a method to estimate arrivaltimes at bus stops using the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) andseveral models are proposed to predict arrival times using MATLAB Curve FittingTool. All the proposed models exhibited RMSE close to 0 and R2 closeto 1."

"As a result ofwaterflooding, inorganic salt precipitation occurs in the different parts of anoil production system, thereby leading to damage of production equipment.Different parameters affect the kinetics of salt precipitation. Scaleinhibitors are widely used to prevent inorganic salt formation. In this study,the effect of reservoir pressure, temperature, and mixing ratio of injection toformation water on calcium sulfate and barium sulfate precipitation wasinvestigated. For this purpose, two different formation waters and oneinjection water were used. In addition, the effect of temperature and mixingratio on inhibition performance was studied. Four different existing industrialscale inhibitors and one new scale inhibitor were used. The performance of thescale inhibitors was determined under static and dynamic conditions. Results ofthe study showed that calcium sulfate precipitation increased with an increasein temperature and a decrease in pressure. Barium sulfate precipitation wasfound to increase with a decrease in the temperature. The effect of pressure onbarium sulfate formation was negligible. The developed scale inhibitor showedthe highest performance for the prevention of calcium sulfate and bariumsulfate formation. A change in temperature from 60°C to 120°C reduced theinhibitor performance by 3%. In the cases of calcium sulfate and bariumsulfate, the minimum performance of the scale inhibitor was observed when themixing ratios of injection to formation waters were 60:40 and 50:50,respectively."

"FinFET (Fin Field-EffectTransistor) technology has recently seen a major increase in adoptionfor use in integrated circuits because of its high immunity to short channeleffects and its further ability to scaledown. Previously, a major research contribution was made to reduce the leakage current in theconventional bulk devices. So many different alternatives like bulk isolation and oxide isolation are all having some pros andcons. Here in this paper, we present a novel pile gate FinFET structure toreduce the leakage current, as compared with Bulk FinFET without using any pstop implant orisolation oxide as in theSilicon-on-Insulator (SOI). The major advantage of this type ofstructure is that there is no need of high substrate doping, a 100% reduction in therandom dopant fluctuation (RDF) and an increase in the ION/IOFFvalue. It can be very useful to improve the drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) at smallertechnological nodes. All the work is supported by 3D TCAD simulations, using Cogenda TCAD."

"pada pertengahan tahun 2000 terjadi kecelakaan pesawat helikopter, dimana proses terjadinya kecelakaan tersebut yaitu pada saat melakukan take off kemudian terjadi lost power sehingga pesawat berputar ke kiri berbalik arah dan mendarat dengan impact cukup keras. berangkat dari kasus tersebut dilaksanakan penelitian dengan maksud untuk menganalisis sebab-sebab terjadinya kerusakan material tersebut."

"struktur dan beban guna. Pertimbangan untuk propelan meliputi masalah ekonomi dan penyimpanan, energetik dan ha-hal yang berkaitan dengan cara kerja motor roket. Pertimbangan untuk struktur meliputi ketahanan material, kondisi lingkungan, pengerjaan, densitas dan faktor ekonomi. Faktor ekonomi yaitu mengenai harga dan ketersediaannya di pasaran. Dalam penyimpanan sangat penting dipertimbangkan sifat-sifat korosifitas, bahaya ledakan dan kebakaran, sifat racun, sifat fisika dan sifat kimia. Pertimbangan faktor energetik, berhubungan dengan jumlah gaya dorong, kemungkinan dapat dimatikan-dihidupkan, waktu penggunaan, jumlah propelan dan antisipasi mengatasi kegagalan. Di samping itu juga pertimbangan dengan cara kerja motor roket, untuk propelan cair. Ketahanan struktur terhadap ruptur, batas elastisitas, modulus Young, kelelahan, keuletan statik dan sifat dapat ditempa. Material harus tahan terhadap lingkungan meliputi keadaan panas, dingin, cairan korosif, sinar matahari, dan hantaman partikel-partikel ionik. Pertimbangan densitas berpengaruh pada berat struktur dan berpengaruh pada indeks konstruksi. Material juga harus mudah didapatkan dan harganya terjangkau"

"Telecommunication technology is very fast developing.One of them is mobile phone technology.The question is how to detect mobile phone position when it is used,especially in emergency....."

"The routine dailyactivities that tend to be sedentary and repetitive may cause severe healthproblems. This issue has encouraged researchers to design a system to detectand record people activities in real time and thus encourage them to do morephysical exercise. By utilizing sensors embedded in a smartphone, many researchstudies have been conducted to try to recognize user activity. The most commonsensors used for this purpose are accelerometers and gyroscopes; however, wefound out that a gravity sensor has significant potential to be utilized aswell. In this paper, we propose a novel method to recognize activities usingthe combination of an accelerometer and gravity sensor. We design a simplehierarchical system with the purpose of developing a more energy efficientapplication to be implemented in smartphones. We achieved an average of 95% forthe activity recognition accuracy, and we also succeed at proving that our workis more energy efficient compared to other works."

"An effective and real-time traffic information network is highly important and could contribute to decreasing traffic volume and costs by reducing fuel consumption and saving time for drivers in reaching their destinations. This study provides an extensive analysis regarding the drivers? acceptance levels of the current implementation of the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) in Kuala Lumpur. A proposed model from the literature review based on the known Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is introduced. The ITS system characteristics, information quality, system quality, and service quality were investigated as external variables. The resulting analysis showed that information quality is the highest influential factor followed by system quality. The results also revealed that service quality had no effect on acceptance levels."