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"This paper addresses issues related to family caregiving, as one of the areas of caregiving in which problems are currently arising in Japan. Family caregiving is presently inseparable from the gender relationship between men as the breadwinners and women as the caregivers. The perspective of gender equality is therefore extremely important when discussing issues related to family caregiving. This paper focuses on the increasing number of male caregivers in Japan, and looks at the actual circumstances of caregiving by male caregivers to investigate what significance the increase in male caregivers may have for achieving gender equality in family caregiving. As men engage in caregiving, they are forced to confront their own masculinities. The difficulties that they experience demonstrate that care and masculinities are not simply conflicting aspects of their identities. In order to achieve gender equality in family care-giving, it is necessary to carefully decipher the complex interplay between care and masculinities. "

"Stroke adalah penyakit dengan tingkat disabilitas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Pasien stroke mengalami berbagai gejala yang mengakibatkan disabilitas sehingga pasien tidak mampu beraktivitas dan memenuhi kebutuhannya seorang diri. Kondisi ini membuat pasien sangat bergantung pada family caregiver dalam beraktivitas dan memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari, perawatan stroke yang kompleks dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama dapat menyebabkan family caregiver mengalami beban caregiver. Dalam hal ini, kesiapan merawat dapat menjadi bekal bagi individu dalam mencegah beban caregiver karena persepsi bahwa individu siap untuk merawat dapat memfasilitasi individu dalam melakukan tugasnya sebagai caregiver dan menghadapi tantangan yang dialami ketika merawat pasien stroke. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran kesiapan merawat pada beban caregiver pasien stroke. Penelitian ini melibatkan 67 family caregiver pasien stroke dengan rentang usia 18-65 tahun. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Indonesian Preparedness for Caregiving (I-PCS) dan Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22). Analisis statistik dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan merawat berperan secara negatif dan signifikan pada beban caregiver pasien stroke (p<0,05, R²=0,21). Hasil penelitian mengimplikasikan bahwa caregiver perlu memiliki kesiapan merawat untuk meminimalisasi beban caregiver. Hal tersebut dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi pihak tenaga kesehatan, psikolog serta pihak terkait lainnya untuk menyelenggarakan sebuah program pelatihan dan kolaborasi untuk membantu caregiver dalam mempersiapkan dirinya baik secara praktis maupun emosional untuk mencegah beban caregiver.

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Stroke is a disease with a high rate of disability and death. Stroke patients experience various symptoms that cause disability so that patients become unable to carry out activities and meet their own needs. This condition makes the patients very dependent on family caregivers to carry out activities and meet daily needs. Stroke treatment is complex and time-consuming, these conditions can lead caregivers to experience a heavy burden on caregivers. In this case, the preparedness to provide care is one of the things that can prevent caregiver burden because the perception that someone is ready to care can make it easier for that person to carry out their duties and challenges as a caregiver when taking care of stroke patients. This study aims to examine the role of preparedness to caregiving in caregiver burden on caregivers of stroke patients. This study involved 67 family caregivers of stroke patients with an age range from 18-65 years old. The instruments used in this study were Indonesian Preparedness to Caregiving (I-PCS) and Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22). Statistical analysis in this study shows that preparedness to caregiving has a negative and significant role on caregiver burden on stroke patients (p < 0.05, R² = 0.21). The research findings indicate that caregivers need to be prepared to provide care in order to reduce the burden on caregivers. This can be a consideration for health workers, psychologists and other related parties to organize training and collaboration programs to help caregivers prepare practically and emotionally to prevent caregiver burden."

"Pasien stroke yang menjalani rehabilitasi membutuhkan family caregiver untuk mengurusnya. Berbagai perubahan yang terjadi dan banyaknya tanggung jawab dalam merawat pasien stroke dapat mengakibatkan beban pada family caregiver. Di tengah kesulitan ini, mereka dapat menemukan kekuatannya dengan penghayatan dalam merawat (positive aspects of caregiving), yaitu dengan mempersepsikan pengalaman merawat sebagai hal yang rewarding. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji peranan penghayatan caregiver dalam merawat pasien stroke terhadap beban family caregiver. Penelitian ini melibatkan 58 orang family caregiver pasien stroke (perempuan = 48) dengan usia 18-68 tahun (M = 29,15, SD = 13,03). Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale (PACS) untuk mengukur penghayatan dalam merawat dan Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22) untuk mengukur beban caregiver. Hasil analisis statistik regresi linear sederhana menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peran negatif yang signifikan dari penghayatan caregiver dalam merawat pasien stroke terhadap beban family caregiver dengan F = 6,262, p = 0,015, R2 = 0,101. Semakin tinggi penghayatan yang dimiliki caregiver dalam merawat pasien stroke, maka semakin besar peranannya terhadap rendahnya tingkat beban pada family caregiver. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi peneliti lain untuk mendalami peranan penghayatan caregiver dalam merawat pasien stroke dalam menghadapi beban family caregiver.

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Stroke patients during their rehabilitation process needed family caregivers to take care of them. The various changes that occurred and the responsibilities in caring for stroke patients may lead to family caregivers’ burden. Amidst these difficulties, they might have found strength through positive aspects of caregiving by perceiving the experience of caring for family as a rewarding activity. This study aimed to examine the role of positive aspects of caregiving for stroke patients on family caregivers’ burden. This research involved 58 family caregivers of stroke patients (female = 48) aged 18-68 years (M = 29,15, SD = 13,03). The research instruments used were the Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale (PACS) to measure positive aspects of caregiving and the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22) to measure caregiver burden. The results of a simple linear regression analysis indicated a significant negative role of positive aspects of caregiving for stroke patients on family caregiver’s burden (F = 6,262, p = 0,015, R2 = 0,101). The greater positive aspects of caregiving for stroke patients that one possesses, the greater its role in reducing the level of family caregivers’ burden. The findings of this study were anticipated to serve as a guidance for other researchers in exploring the role of positive aspects of caregiving for stroke patients in facing family caregivers’ burden."

"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai hubungan antara caregiver strain dan caregiving self-efficacy pada ibu selaku caregiver dari anak dengan retardasi mental. Pengukuran caregiver strain menggunakan alat ukur modified caregiver strain index (Thornton & Travis, 2003) dan pengukuran caregiving self-efficacy menggunakan caregiver self-efficacy scale (Boothroyd, 1993). Partisipan berjumlah 40 orang ibu yang memiliki anak yang mengalami retardasi mental. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara caregiver strain dan caregiving self-efficacy pada ibu selaku caregiver dari anak dengan retardasi mental (r = - 0,360; p = 0,023, signifikan pada L.o.S 0,05). Artinya, semakin tinggi caregiver strain yang dimiliki oleh ibu selaku caregiver dari anak dengan retardasi mental, maka semakin rendah caregiving self-efficacy yang dimilikinya. Untuk itu, disarankan agar ibu sebagai caregiver dari anak dengan retardasi mental mendapatkan intervensi untuk meningkatkan caregiving self-efficacy-nya.

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This study was conducted to find the correlation between caregiver strain and caregiving self-efficacy among mothers as caregivers of mentally retarded child. Caregiver strain was measured using modified caregiver strain index (Thornton & Travis, 2003) and caregiving self-efficacy was measured using caregiver selfefficacy scale (Boothroyd, 1993). The participants of this study are 40 mothers who have mentally retarded child. The result of this study shows that there is a significant negative correlation between caregiver strain and caregiving selfefficacy (r = - 0,360; p = 0,023, significant at L.o.S 0,05). That is, the higher caregiver strain owned by mothers as caregivers of mentally retarded child, the lower caregiving self-efficacy of their. Therefore, the mothers as caregivers for mentally retarded child need to get intervention to increase their caregiving selfefficacy. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana peran, ekspektasi, tantangan, serta dampak yang dirasakan oleh anak pertama perempuan selama menjalani dual caregiving responsibility di dalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan melakukan sumber data utama dengan wawancara mendalam dan data primer dengan studi literatur. Studi ini menggunakan konsep dual caregiving responsibility oleh DeRigne dan Ferrante yang menjelaskan peran pengasuhan dalam generasi sandwich. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa peran pengasuhan untuk dua generasi tidak hanya ditemukan pada generasi sandwich, melainkan anak pertama perempuan yang perlu mengasuh orangtua dan adiknya. Temuan studi ini mencakup penjelasan ekspektasi, peran, tantangan, dan dampak dalam dual caregiving responsibility. Ekspektasi didasarkan oleh adanya harapan keluargan dan kondisi keluarga yang membuat anak pertama perempuan memaknai pengasuhan sebagai tanggung jawab, bentuk kasih sayang, ataupun bentuk balas budi kepada keluarga mereka. Studi ini menemukan ketujuh kasus menjalani keempat aspek pengasuhan dengan satu aspek yang dominan sesuai dengan kondisi keluarga. Anak pertama perempuan menemukan tantangan dalam menyeimbangkan peran pengasuhan dan kehidupan sosialnya yang dapat berdampak pada perasaan stres, demotivasi, dan lelah karena pengasuhan yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini turut melihat bahwa anak pertama perempuan memiliki cara untuk mengatasi dampak tersebut, yaitu dengan menceritakan keluh kesahnya di media sosial.

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This study aims to see how the roles, expectations, challenges, and impacts felt by the first-born daughter during dual caregiving responsibility in family. This study used a qualitative approach by in-depth interviews and literature. The study used the concept of dual caregiving responsibility by DeRigne and Ferrante to explain the role of caregiving in the sandwich generation. This study argues that dual caregiving responsibility is not only found in the sandwich generation, but the first-born daughter who needs to take care of her parents and younger siblings. The study's findings include an explanation of expectations, roles, challenges, and impacts in dual caregiving responsibility. Expectations are based on family expectations and family conditions that make first-born daughter describe caregiving role as a responsibility, a form of affection, or a form of reciprocation to their family. This study found that the seven cases underwent all four aspects of caregiving with one dominant aspect according to family conditions. First-born daughter find it challenging to balance their caregiving roles and social life which can result in feelings of stress, demotivation, and exhaustion from caring for their family. This research also finds that a first-born daughter has a way to overcome this impact by sharing her complaints on social media."

"While Japanese law provides for a system of Family Care Leave (long-term leave designed to support workers responsible for the long-term care of family members), the take-up rate of the leave remains at a low level. This paper an-alyzes whether workers tend to quit their jobs because of the need to take con-secutive leave, as envisioned by the Family Care Leave system, or whether there is another reason for this tendency. It also examines issues concerning support for continued employment designed to match the actual circumstances of workers engaged in long-term care for family members. Analysis of data on workers who are in employment at the start of long-term care reveals that (1) there is a positive correlation between a greater need to take Family Care Leave and a lower rate of continuous employment in the same company from the beginning to the end of the caregiving period, (2) long-term care services are used to alleviate the need for long-term leave while such need is greater when caring for a parent than when caring for a spouse?s parent, (3) regardless of the need for long-term leave, workers who work six hours or less per day are more likely to remain continuously employed in the same company than those who work more than eight hours per day, and (4) there is a correlation between lower rates of continuous employment in the same company and the provision of long-term care with no assistance from other family members, as well as severe dementia afflicting the care recipient, regardless of the need for long term leave. These findings indicate that, to enable caregivers to remain in employment, it is essential not only to manage the Family Care Leave system effectively but also to offer a full range of other forms of support, such as re-duced working hours and social support for workers who provide dementia care"

"Cancer caregiving in the United States illuminates these complex concerns with authoritative detail. This wide-ranging volume provides a comprehensive survey of cancer-related issues, including those affecting the care triad (patients-family members- professionals) and quality of care as well as the numerous physical, emotional, and financial challenges that caregivers may need to confront. Sources of caregiver difficulty at each stage of the disease, from diagnosis to end of life, are explored. Each chapter analyzes its topic in terms of practice, research, education, and policy, providing a wealth of literature reviews, assessment and care models, interventions, and recommendations for future study and practice. Coverage includes : caregiving issues for cancer patients with long-term, short-term, and intermittent needs. Family caregivers as members of the treatment team.The impact of health disparities on caregivers. Cancer care policy and advocacy. End-of-life issues for cancer caregivers. Legal, financial, and ethical issues. "

"This book reviews the research and philosophical foundations for using mindfulness, acceptance, and Buddhist psychology in couple and family therapy. It also provides a detailed and practical approach for putting these ideas into action in the therapy room, including a mindful approach to therapeutic relationships, case conceptualization, treatment planning, teaching meditation, and intervention.;"

"Memberikan perawatan pada anggota keluarga dengan demensia merupakan pengalaman yang unik dan hal yang membuat stress sehingga dapat menimbulkan dan meningkatkan caregiver burden. Caregiver harus beradaptasi dengan perubahan kepribadian dan perubahan tingkah laku lansia demensia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memahami secara mendalam pengalaman keluarga dalam merawat lansia dengan demensia dan bagaimana keluarga memaknainya. Desain penelitian menggunakan fenomenologi deskriptif dengan wawancara mendalam untuk proses pengumpulan data. Partisipan adalah caregiver utama lansia demensia, yang didapatkan dengan teknik purposive sampling . Analisa data menggunakan metode Collaizi. Hasil penelitian ini teridentifikasi 7 tema yaitu: 1) respon positif dalam merawat lansia demensia; 2) respon negatif dalam merawat lansia demensia; 3) Koping caregiver yaitu koping adaptif dan koping maladaptif; 4) Makna budaya dan spiritual dalam merawat lansia demensia; 5) Kewajiban merawat lansia; 6) harapan sebagai caregiver lansia yaitu harapan terhadap diri sendiri, harapan terhadap keluarga dan harapan terhadap masyarakat; dan 7) kebutuhan lansia terhadap pelayanan kesehatan yaitu bebas biaya, layanan khusus bagi lansia dan pendidikan kesehatan. Dapat disimpulkan pengalaman keluarga merawat lansia dengan demensia sangat beragam dan mengakibatkan respon yang berbeda, sehingga perlu dicermati oleh pemberi asuhan lansia. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat pemahaman bahwa caregiver lansia demensia merupakan kelompok risiko yang penting untuk diintervensi dalam tingkat keluarga dan masyarakat.

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Caregiving for a family member with dementia is could be experienced as unique and stressfull events that could result and increase level of caregiver burden. Caregiver have adapted with mood change and behaviour change of dementia people.The purpose of the study were to provide deep understanding of family experiences in caregiving of elderly people with dementia and how family give meaning of those experiences.This study design was descriptive phenomenology with depth interview for data collecting. Participants were primary caregivers collected by purposive sampling technique. Data analyzed with Collaizi’s analysis method. This study identified 7 themes which were: 1) positive responses of caregiving dementia; 2) negative responses of caregiving dementia; 3) Coping of caregiver that are adaptive coping and maladaptive coping; 4) Culture and spiritual meaning of caregiving dementia; 5) responbility of caregiving dementia; 6) hope as caregiver dementia that are hope to ourself, hope to family and hope to community; and 7) health care Services needed by elderly people with dementia which are free, special Services for elderly and health education for family. This study finding exhibited that family experiences in caregiving dementia differed variedly and resulted different responses, so it need attention from caregiver.This study fmdings were expected to provide better understanding that caregiver is risk group that considerably important to be addressed in nursing intervention at family and community level."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang mendalam tentang arti dan makna pengalaman keluarga dalam merawat lansia dengan DM di Kota Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif fenomenologi deskriptif dengan metode wawancara mendalam. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah caregiver utama lansia DM yang didapatkan dengan teknik criterion sampling. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa hasil rekaman wawancara dan catatan lapangan yang dianalisis dengan menerapkan teknik Collaizi. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi 13 tema yaitu terjadinya perubahan pada lansia, kemampuan melaksanakan tugas kesehatan keluarga, respon psikologis, respon fisik, respon terhadap ekonomi, respon terhadap peran, prilaku pencarian penyelesaian masalah, dukungan penyelesaian masalah, kehidupan lansia yang optimal, kemampuan merawat lansia, sifat pelayanan, bentuk pelayanan dan mematuhi ajaran agama dan budaya.

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The aim of research were explored the experience of family in caregiving elderly with DM in Tasikmalaya. This research used qualitative descriptive phenomenology method and the data collected by in-depth interview. Participants were primary caregivers elderly with DM collected by crierion sampling technique.The data gathered are in form of the results from the recording of indepth interview and field note form transcribed and analyzed by using the Collaizi?s method.

The result of research identified into 13 themes, consist of changed the elderly, the ability to carry out the health task of family, psychological response, physical response, economic response, role response, the search behavior problem solving, problem-solving support, the optimal life of the elderly, the ability to care for the elderly, the nature of the service, the type of services and adhere to the teachings of religion and culture."