Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Many engineering and scientific problems in design, control, and parameter estimation can be formulated as optimization problems that are governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). The complexities of the PDEs and the requirement for rapid solution significant difficulties. A particularly challenging class of PDE-constrained optimization problems is characterized by the need for real-time solution, i.e., in time scales that are sufficiently rapid to support simulation-based decision making. Real-Time PDE-Constrained Optimization, the first book devoted to real-time optimization for systems governed by PDEs, focuses on new formulations, methods, and algorithms needed to facilitate real-time, PDE-constrained optimization. In addition to presenting state-of-the-art algorithms and formulations, the text illustrates these algorithms with a diverse set of applications that includes problems in the areas of aerodynamics, biology, fluid dynamics, medicine, chemical processes, homeland security, and structural dynamics. Despite difficulties, there is a pressing need to capitalize on continuing advances in computing power to develop optimization methods that will replace simple rule-based decision making with optimized decisions based on complex PDE simulations."

"ABSTRAKKulit memiliki beragam mikrobiota yang bersifat komensal maupun patogen yang berkontribusi terhadap kesehatan. Penentuan dan identifikasi mikrobiota yang terdapat di kulit kini menjadi topik riset yang menarik. Bakteri kulit tersebut dapat dieksplorasi menjadi sumber zat aktif yang berpotensi dalam pengembangan farmasetika kosmetik maupun kesehatan kulit sebagai proteksi kulit terhadap bakteri patogen. Penelitian sebelumnya telah berhasil mengisolasi dan mengarakterisasi komposisi mikrobiota bakteri dari sampel kulit pria dan wanita Indonesia dewasa muda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memperoleh komposisi optimum galur-galur bakteri terpilih tersebut dalam bentuk koktail bakteri yang telah dioptimasi kondisi campuran dan waktu inkubasi bersamanya dari penelitian sebelumnya. Analisis kemampuan setiap galur bakteri untuk bertahan hidup dalam suatu populasi bersama dilakukan dengan menggunakan pengamatan visual konvensional Deferred Growth Inhibition Assay (DGIA) termodifikasi, maupun secara molekuler berbasis asam nukleat Real-Time qPCR. Antar galur-galur bakteri memiliki potensi saling menginhibisi saat dikultur bersama,sehingga waktu pengulturan bersama terbaik hasil penelitian sebelumnya yaitu 2 dan 4 jam dipilih dalam penelitian ini untuk optimasi konsentrasi masing-masing galur. Hasil real time q-PCR dengan primer rancangan unik yang dipilih terhadap 3 jenis variasi komposisi,yang didukung pula oleh hasil DGIA, menunjukkan bahwa komposisi yang terbaik dalam hal kesetaraan pertumbuhan sel adalah pada komposisi 2 yaitu Micrococcus luteus MBF05-19J : Bacillus subtilis MBF10-19J : Staphylococcus warneri MBF02-19J : Staphylococcus hominis MBF12-19J sebesar 1 : 1: 0,5 : 0,5 dengan waktu inkubasi 2 jam, dan komposisi 3 yaitu Micrococcus luteus MBF05-19J : Bacillus subtilis MBF10-19J : Staphylococcus warneri MBF02-19J : Staphylococcus hominis MBF12-19Jsebesar 1,5 : 1: 0,5 : 0,5 dengan waktu inkubasi 4 jam.

---

ABSTRACT

The skin has a variety of commensal and pathogenic microbiota that contribute to health. The determination and identification of skin microbiome have become an interesting research topic. These skin bacteria can be explored as a potential source of active substances in the development of cosmetics pharmaceuticals as skin protection against pathogenic bacteria. Previous studies have succeeded in isolating and characterizing the composition of bacterial microbiota from skin samples from Indonesian men and women in young adults. The aim of this study was to obtain the optimum composition of the selected bacterial strain in the form of a bacterial cocktail that had been optimized for mixed conditions and incubation time with it from previous studies. Analysis of the ability of each strain to survive in a shared population is carried out using conventional visual observations of modified Deferred Growth Inhibition Assay (DGIA), as well as molecularly nucleic acids based using Real-Time q-PCR. Each bacterial strain has the potential to inhibit each other when cultured together, so that the best time from the previous research results, 2 and 4 hours, was chosen in this study to optimize the concentration of each strain. Real-Time q-PCR results with a unique primer design selected for 3 types of composition variation, supported by the results of DGIA, show that the best composition in terms of equality of cell growth is in composition 2 namely Micrococcus luteus MBF05-19J: Bacillus subtilis MBF10-19J: Staphylococcus warneri MBF02-19J: Staphylococcus hominis MBF12-19J for 1: 1: 0.5: 0.5 with incubation time of 2 hours, and composition 3 namely Micrococcus luteus MBF05-19J: Bacillus subtilis MBF10-19J: Staphylococcus warneri MBF02-19J: Staphylococcus hominis MBF12-19J 1.5: 1: 0.5: 0.5 with incubation time 4 hours."

"Latar Belakang: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas di dunia. Bakteri atipikal (Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumaniae, Legionella pneumophila) sebagai penyebab penting CAP. Sejauh ini belum ada pemeriksaan mikrobiologi yang rutin dilakukan sehingga perlu pengembangan uji, salah satunya metode molekuler multiplex real time PCR. .

Tujuan: Melakukan optimasi uji multiplex real time PCR untuk mendeteksi secara simultan dan cepat C.pneumoniae, L.pneumophila dan M.pneumoniae pada sputum pasien CAP.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji eksperimental laboratorium yang terdiri atas 3 tahap. Tahap 1 meliputi optimasi suhu penempelan, primer, probe, volume elusi akhir dan cetakan DNA. Tahap 2 untuk menentukan batas ambang deteksi DNA dan reaksi silang. Tahap 3 adalah penerapan uji multiplex real time PCR pada spesimen sputum pasien CAP.

Hasil: Uji multiplex real time PCR telah berhasil dioptimasi dengan ambang batas minimal deteksi DNA untuk Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila dan Mycoplasma pneumaniae adalah 1855, 3185 dan 130 kopi DNA. Uji ini tidak bereaksi silang dengan mikroorganisme yang berpotensi menimbulkan reaksi positif palsu. Sebanyak 134 sputum telah diuji dan ditemukan positif M.pneumoniae sebanyak 1 spesimen (0,74 %).

Kesimpulan: Uji multiplex real time PCR dapat mendeteksi C.pneumoniae, M.pneumoniae, dan L.pneumophila secara simultan pada sputum pasien CAP.

---

Background: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Atypical bacteria (Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, Mycoplasma pneumaniae) are the important causes of CAP. In daily clinical practice, detection of atypical bacteria are sometimes neglected due to the limited standard test available. The real time multiplex PCR methode can be used as an alternative test for the detection of atypical bacteria.

Objective: Optimization of the multiplex real time PCR test to simultaneously detect C.pneumoniae, L.pneumophila and M.pneumoniae in CAP patients.

Methods: This study is experimental laboratory test that conducted in three phases. The first is optimization of annealing temperature, primers dan probe concentration, final elution of DNA extraction and volume of PCR templete. The second is determination of minimal detection of DNA and cross reaction of optimized real time PCR multiplex. The third is application of real time PCR multiplex in sputum clinical specimen patient with CAP.

Results: The multiplex real time PCR test was successfully optimized for annealing temperature, concentration of primer both forward and reverse, probes concentration and inhibitor. Limit detection of the DNA Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumaniae were 1855 copies, 3185 copies and 130 copies DNA. This test also showed no cross reaction to microorganisms that have potential to cause false positives. A total of 134 sputum clinical specimens have been tested with this method and only one sample (0,74%) was positive M.pneumoniae.

Conclusion: The multiplex real time PCR assay can detect C. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, and L. pneumophila simultanously in sputum of patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)"

"Latar belakang: Difteri merupakan penyakit infeksi bakteri yang diperantarai olehtoksin. Corynebacterium diphtheriae adalah penyebab tersering difteri. Diagnostiklaboratorium harus dilakukan dengan cepat untuk menunjang diagnosis klinis difteri.Pemeriksaan mikroskopik tidak direkomendasikan karena tidak spesifik, kultur dan ujitoksin yang merupakan uji baku emas cukup memakan waktu, membutuhkanketerampilan dan pengalaman serta hanya dilakukan di laboratorium rujukan. PCRmerupakan metode pemeriksaan yang cepat, sensitif dan spesifik. Duplex real-time PCRdapat mendeteksi bakteri penyebab tersering dan gen pengkode toksin secara simultan.Tujuan penelitian: Melakukan optimasi uji duplex real time PCR untuk deteksi C.diphtheriae potensial toksigenik dan menerapkannya pada spesimen usap tenggorokpasien tersangka difteri.Metode: Duplex real-time PCR menggunakan dua pasang primer dan probe dengantarget gen rpoB C.diphtheriae dan toksin difteri subunit A Tox. Parameter yangdioptimasi adalah suhu penempelan, konsentrasi masing-masing primer dan probe,inhibitor, reaksi silang dengan patogen lain dan ambang batas deteksi uji. Kemudian ujidiaplikasikan pada spesimen usap tenggorok pasien tersangka difteri yang dirawat diRSPI Sulianti Saroso pada periode 2018-2019. Sebagai perbandingan dilakukan uji Elekuntuk konfirmasi toksigenitas dan analisa data klinis pasien.Hasil: Kondisi optimal uji didapat pada suhu penempelan 55oC, konsentrasi primer Cd0,4 μM, primer Tox 0,6 μM, probe Cd 0,5 μM dan probe Tox 0,625 μM, volume elusiekstraksi DNA 50 μL, volume cetakan DNA 5 μL dan ambang batas deteksi 2 CFU/ml.Uji tidak bereaksi silang dengan mikroorganisme lain yang dicobakan. Dari 89 sampel,proporsi positif C.diphtheriae potensial toksigenik dengan uji duplex real-time PCRadalah 21,3%, sedangkan proporsi positif C.diphtheriae toksigenik menggunakan ujibaku emas adalah 11,2%.Kesimpulan: Duplex real time PCR untuk deteksi C.diphtheriae potensial toksigeniktelah dioptimasi dan diaplikasikan pada pasien tersangka difteri. Diharapkan uji inidapat meningkatkan diagnosis laboratorium kasus difteri.

---

Background: Diphtheria is toxin-mediated bacterial infection. The most common

etiology is Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Laboratory diagnostic should be done

immediately to support clinical diagnosis. Microscopic examination is not

recommended, culture followed by toxin test is consider gold standard but timeconsuming,

require experience and only done in referral laboratory. PCR is fast,

sensitive and specific. Duplex real-time PCR can detect bacteria and toxin-encoding

gene simultaneously.

Objective: Optimizing duplex real-time PCR assay for detection of potentially

toxigenic C.diphtheriae and applicate the assay on throat swab of suspected diphtheria

patient.

Method: Two pair of primers and specific probe targeting rpoB gene of C.diphtheriae

and A-subunit of diphtheria toxin gene were used in this study. Parameters including

annealling temperature, concentration of primers and probes, inhibitors, cross reaction

and detection limit were being optimized to receive optimal condition. The optimized

assay was applicated on throat swab of suspected diphtheria patient in Sulianti Saroso

Infectious Disease Hospital at 2018-2019. Elek toxigenity test was used for comparison

and clinical data of the patient were analyzed.

Result: The optimum condition for duplex real-time PCR was received upon the

annealing temperature 60oC, concentration of Cd primer 0,4 μM, Tox primer 0,6 μM,

Cd probe 0,5 μM, Tox probe 0,625 μM, DNA elution volume 50 μL, DNA template

volume 5 μL and detection limit 2 CFU/ml. There was no cross reaction found with

other tested microorganisms. Of 89 samples, proportion of potentially toxigenic

C.diphtheriae was 21,3% and proportion of toxigenic C.diphtheriae confirmed by gold

standard was 11,2%.

Conclusion: Duplex real time PCR has been optimized for detection of potentially

toxigenic C.diphtheriae. This method can be used to detect C.diphtheriae and Tox

simultaneosly and increase supporting diagnosis."

"Aplikasi kolaboratif berbasis real-time menjadi bagian dari kehidupan sehari-hari manusia, terutama di masa pandemi ketika setiap orang sulit untuk bertemu secara langsung. Salah satu aplikasi tersebut adalah aplikasi collaborative whiteboard, yang bisa digunakan untuk menggambar secara bebas. Salah satu implementasi dari sistem collaborative whiteboard adalah Tldraw. Tldraw yang semula dikembangkan menggunakan arsitektur client-server kemudian diimprovisasi menggunakan arsitektur peer-to-peer yang memanfaatkan teknologi WebRTC, menghasilkan aplikasi Tldraw yang rendah latensi. Namun, aplikasi Tldraw tersebut dinilai tidak bersifat scalable, karena arsitektur peer-to-peer tersebut menggunakan topologi full-mesh. Dilatarbelakangi oleh hal tersebut, penelitian ini mengusulkan optimasi aplikasi Tldraw menggunakan topologi random peer sampling. Usulan optimasi tersebut dinilai memiliki pertumbuhan penggunaan sumber daya yang lebih landai apabila dibandingkan dengan Tldraw P2p, meskipun memiliki sedikit overhead.

---

A real-time based collaborative applications are taking part in human daily life, especially in the pandemic era when it is prohibited to directly meet other people. One example of those kind of application is collaborative whiteboard application, which can be use to draw things freely. Tldraw previously developed using client-server architecture, which later improved using peer-to-peer architecture using WebRTC technology, resulting a low-latency Tldraw application. Nevertheless, those improvisations seem to be not scalable, since the peer-to-peer architecture use full-mesh network topology. Motivated by that, this research propose optimization for Tldraw application using random peer sampling topology. Those optimizations resulting in lower growth of cpu, memory, and bandwidth usage with little overhead."