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"Many small languages from eastern Indonesia are threatened with extinction.While it is often assumed that ?Indonesian? is replacing the lost languages, inreality, local languages are being replaced by local Malay. In this paper I reviewsome of the reasons for this in North Maluku. I review the directional system inNorth Maluku Malay and argue that features like the directionals allow thosegiving up local languages to retain a sense of local linguistic identity. Retainingsuch an identity makes it easier to abandon local languages than would be thecase if people were switching to ?standard? Indonesian."

"The Müller and northern Schwaner mountain ranges are home to a handful of tiny, isolated groups (Aoheng, Hovongan, Kereho, Semukung, Seputan), altogether totaling about 5,000 persons, which are believed to have been forest hunter-gatherers in a distant or recent past. Linguistic data were collected among these groups and other neighbouring groups between 1975 and 2010, leading to the delineation of two distinct clusters of languages of nomadic or formerly nomadic groups, which are called MSP (Müller-Schwaner Punan) and BBL (Bukat-Beketan-Lisum) clusters. These languages also display lexical affinity to the languages of various major Bornean settled farming groups (Kayan, Ot Danum). Following brief regional and particular historical sketches, their phonological systems and some key features are described and compared within the wider local linguistic setting, which is expected to contribute to an elucidation of the ultimate origins of these people and their languages."

"This article brings together two ostensibly separate subjects: language empowerment and the Covid-19 pandemic. It argues that knowledge of local languages can help disseminate health-related information on a regional level. This addresses two problems simultaneously: the problems raised by the intelligibilty of governmental healthcare protocols and the functions of the use of local languages. The article is a case study presenting a number of interventions in the languages of East Kalimantan and can be seen as an inclusive, grassroots example of health communication. The study was initially a modest attempt to generate on-theground examples of health information in the dominant languages of the region of East Kalimantan. These studies demonstrate that the local communities of these languages are very enthusiastic about getting involved in the interventions. They also reveal that communication using IT and social media is thriving. One of our observations was that information about this pandemic tends to be understood only by highly educated urban people. This happens because it is conveyed by the government in standard Indonesian, which includes many foreign loanwords. The application of local languages is not just using local language vocabulary, it is instead a trigger to revive the collective memory of disaster management based on local culture. In this case, local languages are recognized and considered useful in helping to break the chain of virus transmission to free Indonesia of the Covid-19 outbreak. There were a number of unexpected developments. We found support for the intervention being rolled out on a national level by Special Task Force for Covid-19 under National Disaster Management Agency (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana/BNPB). We also welcomed the online publication by the National Agency for Language Development and Cultivation (Badan Bahasa) of the Handbook for managing behavior about health protocols in seventy-seven local languages. The main thrust of this article should therefore be of interest to anyone working to empower local languages and language vitality."

"This paper examines gender agreement in three little-known languages of the Aru Islands and places them within the larger pattern of “neuter gender” in eastern Indonesia. For each language, I look first at the variety of agreement targets that are controlled by gendered nouns. Secondly, I look at the semantics of nouns that control agreement. I show that whilst having a strongly semantic base involving animacy, gender in Aru languages is a grammatical category in which many nouns denoting certain types of entities that lack discernable biological animacy are assigned to the same gender as that of animate referents. I conclude by considering the system of gender in proto-Aru."

"Pengembangan NLP di Indonesia terbilang lambat, terutama penelitian terkait bahasa daerah Indonesia. Alasannya adalah sumber data bahasa daerah tidak terdokumentasikan dengan baik sehingga sumber daya NLP yang ditemukan juga sedikit. Penelitian ini membahas metode ekstraksi kamus-kamus bahasa daerah di Indonesia untuk menghasilkan suatu sumber daya NLP yang dapat dibaca oleh mesin. Tahap penelitian dimulai dari pengumpulan data kamus, perancangan dan eksperimen metode ekstraksi, serta evaluasi hasil ekstraksi. Hasil penelitian berupa korpus paralel, leksikon bilingual, dan pasangan kata dasar-kata berimbuhan dalam format CSV dari beberapa kamus dwibahasa di Indonesia. Beberapa bahasa di antaranya adalah bahasa Minangkabau, Sunda, Mooi, Jambi, Bugis, Bali, dan Aceh. Perancangan metode ekstraksi berfokus pada kamus Minangkabau yang kemudian dilakukan eksperimen pada kamus-kamus bahasa daerah lainnya. Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap hasil ekstraksi kamus Minangkabau dengan melakukan anotasi data. Perhitungan akurasi dilakukan terhadap penempatan kelompok kata dari hasil anotasi. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan 99% hasil ekstraksi sudah tepat untuk penentuan kelompok kata pada leksikon bilingual dan 88% untuk korpus paralel. Tim peneliti menemukan bahwa struktur dalam kamus bahasa daerah Indonesia sangat beragam, sehingga menuntut perlakuan yang berbeda pada setiap kamus, seperti perihal penomoran halaman. Selain itu, tim peneliti menemukan banyak kamus bahasa daerah Indonesia dengan kualitas yang kurang baik. Kualitas yang kurang baik ditunjukan dengan banyaknya kesalahan baca akibat noise yang terdapat pada tampilan berkas kamus.

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The development of NLP in Indonesia is relatively slow, especially for Indonesian local languages. Indonesian local language data sources are not well-documented so that there are only few NLP resources found. This study discusses the extraction method of Indonesian local language dictionaries to produce a machine-readable NLP resource. Starting from collecting dictionary data, designing and experimentation of the extraction method, and evaluating the extraction results. The extraction results are parallel corpus, bilingual lexicon, and words’ morphological form in CSV format from several Indonesian Local Language bilingual dictionaries that are Baso Minangkabau, Sundanese, Moi, Jambinese, Buginese, Balinese, and Acehnese. The designed method is also applied to some other local language dictionaries. Data annotation has been done to evaluate the extraction results so that we can calculate its accuracy of word classification for parallel corpus and bilingual lexicon. Extraction method design focuses on the Minangkabau dictionary which is then applied to other dictionaries. Data annotation has been done to evaluate the extraction results.The evaluation results show that 99% of the extraction results are correct for word classifying in the bilingual lexicon and 88% correct for parallel corpus. We found that the structure of dictionaries varies, so it requires different approaches for each dictionary, for example regarding page numbering. We also found many dictionaries with poor quality. The poor quality is indicated by the number of reading errors due to noise contained in the original dictionary file."

"ABSTRACTPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud interferensi fonologi bahasa Melayu Pattani dalam berbahasa Indonesia mahasiswa Thailand di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Thailand di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara simak, rekam, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode padan jenis translasional dan metode analisis kontrastif. Ada satu hal yang perlu disampaikan pada penelitian ini. Wujud interferensi fonologi bahasa Melayu Pattani dalam berbahasa Indonesia mahasiswa Thailand di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, yang ditemukan tiga jenis interferensi. (a) Interferensi fonologi fonologi terdapat pada unsur penggantian fonem, pelesapan fonem,penggantian suku kata, dan pelesapan suku kata. (b) Interferensi leksikon terdapat pada kata benda, kata kerja, kata sifat, kata ganti, kata penunjuk, kata keterangan, kata depan, dan kata tanya.(c)Interferensi sintaksis terdapat pada jenis kalimat berita, kalimat tanya, dan kalimat perintah"