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"BATAN telah membuat membran scaffold kitosan RGD cangkang kepiting SKRCK dan membran scaffold kitosan cangkang kepiting SKCK. Pembuatan SKRCK dan SKCK dalam bentuk membran bertujuan untuk mengatasi kasus one wall defect akibat periodontitis. Penambahan RGD bertujuan untuk meningkatkan perlekatan sel pada scaffold. Scaffold harus bersifat biocompatible tidak toksik. Tujuan: Menganalisis toksisitas membran SKRCK terhadap sel pulpa gigi manusia. Metode:Sel pulpa gigi manusia dikultur selama 5 hari. Setelah itu kelompok perlakuan dipapar membran SKRCK dan membran SKCK kontrol. Kemudian diinkubasi selama 24 jam. Hasil Penelitian: Nilai rerata viabilitas sel pulpa gigi manusia pada kelompok SKRCK 1mg dan 2mg adalah 315,9 dan 298,9, sedangkan pada kelompok SKCK 1mg, dan 2mg adalah 514,7 dan 520,8. Kesimpulan: SKRCK tidak toksik terhadap sel pulpa gigi manusia.Kata Kunci:kitosan cangkang kepiting, scaffold, RGD, toksisitas, sel pulpa gigi manusia

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Introduction: BATAN has made crab shells chitosan RGD scaffold membrane SKRCK and crab shells chitosan scaffold membrane SKCK. SKRCK and SKCK made in the form of a membrane aims to solve the case of one wall defects due to periodontitis. The addition of RGD aims to enhance cell attachment to the scaffold. The scaffold should be biocompatible non toxic.

Objective: To analyze the toxicity of SKRCK membrane on human dental pulp cells. Methods The human dental pulp cells were cultured for 5 days. After that the treatment group was exposed to the SKRCK membrane and membrane SKCK control. Then incubated for 24 hours.

Results: The mean viability of human dental pulp cells in group 1mg and 2mg SKRCK was 315.9 and 298.9, whereas in the group SKCK 1mg and 2mg is 514.7 and 520.8.

Conclusion: SKRCK did not give toxic effects on human dental pulp cells.Keywords crab shells chitosan, scaffold, RGD, toxicity, human dental pulp cells."

"Defek tulang besar dapat diperbaiki dengan teknik rekayasa jaringan yang membutuhkan scaffold untuk proliferasi sel. Kitosan cangkang kepiting dapat dijadikan scaffold dan dikombinasikan dengan RGD untuk meningkatkan perlekatan sel. Tujuan: Menganalisis efek penambahan RGD pada scaffold membran kitosan cangkang kepiting terhadap tingkat proliferasi sel pulpa manusia. Metode: Sel pulpa manusia dikultur kemudian dipaparkan dengan scaffold membran kitosan cangkang kepiting dengan dan tanpa RGD, selanjutnya diuji menggunakan MTT-assay. Hasil: Peningkatan proliferasi sel pada kelompok perlakuan scaffold membran kitosan cangkang kepiting RGD dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: Scaffold membran kitosan cangkang kepiting RGD terbukti mampu meningkatkan proliferasi sel pulpa manusia.

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Introduction A large bone defect can be fixed by using bone tissue engineering which need scaffold for cell proliferation. Crab shells chitosan used as a scaffold and can be combined with RGD to increase cell adhesion. Aim To analyze the effect of RGD addition to crab shells chitosan scaffold membrane on human dental pulp cell proliferation. Methods Human dental pulp cells cultured and exposed by the crab shells chitosan scaffold membrane with or without the addition of RGD and was tested using MTT assay. Result The result showed that chitosan with RGD increase human dental pulp cell proliferation compared to control group. Conclusion Crab shells chitosan scaffold membrane with RGD is proven to increase the proliferation of human dental pulp cells."

"Teknik rekayasa jaringan kini dikembangkan untuk perawatan kerusakan tulang yang besar. Pada kasus one wall defect dibutuhkan scaffold dalam bentuk membran yang dikombinasikan dengan RGD untuk memfasilitasi regenerasi jaringan. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek penambahan RGD kepada scaffoldmembran kitosan terhadap proliferasi sel pulpa manusia. Metode: Scaffold membran kitosan kulit udang RGD dipaparkan kepada sel pulpa manusia hasil primary culture dan diuji menggunakan MTT-assay. Hasil: Terdapat peningkatan proliferasi sel pulpa manusia yang bermakna pada kelompok scaffold membran kitosan kulit udang RGD dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan:Scaffold membran kitosan kulit udang RGD mampu meningkatkan proliferasi sel pulpa manusia.

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Background: Tissue engineering is now being developed to treat large bone defect. A membrane scaffold with addition of RGD is needed to treat one wall defect as it is capable to fasilitate tissue regeneration.

Objective: To analyze the effect of RGD addition to shrimp shells chitosan scaffold membrane on human dental pulp cell proliferation.

Methods: Human dental pulp cell was exposed by shrimp shells chitosan membrane scaffold with RGD addition and was tested using MTT assay.

Result: Proliferation of human dental pulp cell exposed by shrimp shells chitosan membrane scaffold RGD shows a significant increase compared to control.

Conclusion: Shrimp shells chitosan scaffold membrane RGD can increase human dental pulp cell proliferation."

"Latar Belakang: Rekayasa jaringan tulang memerlukan tiga komponen utama, yaitu sel punca, scaffold, dan faktor pertumbuhan. IGF-1 merupakan salah satu faktor pertumbuhan yang berperan dalam proliferasi dan diferensiasi sel osteoblast. IGF-1 akan berikatan dengan reseptornya, yaitu IGF-1R untuk mengaktivasi jalur hilir. Dalam sirkulasi tubuh manusia, IGF berikatan dengan IGFBP-3 yang dapat memperpanjang waktu paruh serta menghambat IGF-1 berikatan dengan IGF-1R. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, tercatat bahwa tidak ada perbedaan kemampuan proliferasi dan diferensiasi antara DPSC subjek normal dan subjek CLP, namun ada perbedaan signifikan dalam jumlah ekspresi IGF-1. OCT-4, SOX-2 dan NANOG merupakan faktor transkripsi utama pluripotensi yang telah diteliti dapat mengatur pluripotensi, pembaruan diri, proliferasi, serta diferensiasi DPSC. Penelitian terbaru mencatat peningkatan ekspresi ketiga gen tersebut pasca dilakukan penghambatan jalur GSK-3 dan m-TOR yang merupakan jalur hilir dari aksi IGF-1 pada sel DPSC. Namun, belum diketahui secara pasti ekspresi ketiga gen tersebut pada DPSC subjek normal dan CLP setelah dilakukannya penghambatan IGF-1 menggunakan anti IGF-1R dan IGFBP-3. Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh anti IGF-1 dan IGFBP-3 terhadap ekspresi gen OCT4, SOX2, dan NANOG pada DPSC subjek normal dan CLP. Metode: Sampel RNA DPSC subjek normal (n=4) dan DPSC subjek CLP (n=3), sebelum dan setelah diberikan perlakuan anti IGF-1R atau IGFBP-3, diperoleh dari bahan biologis tersimpan di Laboratorium Oral Biologi Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia. Selanjutnya, ekspresi gen OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, dan housekeeping gene GAPDH diuji dengan two step Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi gen OCT4, SOX2, dan NANOG, baik antara DPSC subjek normal dan CLP sebelum dan setelah diberikan perlakuan anti IGF-1R dan IGFBP-3 (p³0,05). Kesimpulan: Perlakuan anti IGF-1R dan IGFBP-3 tidak memengaruhi tingkat ekspresi gen OCT4, SOX2, dan NANOG sel punca pulpa gigi permanen subjek normal dan subjek celah bibir dan palatum

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Background: Bone tissue engineering requires three main components, namely stem cells, scaffold, and growth factors. IGF-1 is a growth factor that plays role in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. IGF-1 will bind to its receptor, namely IGF-1R, to activate the downstream pathway. In the human body circulation, IGF binds to IGFBP-3 which can inhibit IGF-1 from binding to IGF-1R. Previous studies noted that there were no differences in the ability to proliferate and differentiate between DPSC from normal subjects and CLP subjects, yet there were significant differences in the level of IGF-1 expression. OCT-4, SOX-2 and NANOG are core pluripotency factors which regulate pluripotency, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation of DPSC. Recent study has noted an increase in the expression of these three genes after inhibition of GSK-3 and m-TOR pathways, which are the downstream pathways of IGF-1 on DPSC cells. However, the expression of these three genes in DPSC from normal and CLP subjects after inhibition of IGF-1 using anti IGF-1R and IGFBP-3 is still unknown. Objective: To analyze the effect of anti IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 on OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG gene expression in DPSC of normal and CLP subjects. Methods: RNA samples of DPSC from normal and CLP subjects, before and after being treated with anti-IGF-1R or IGFBP-3, were obtained from Laboratory of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia. Furthermore, the expression of OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and housekeeping gene GAPDH were tested using two step Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). Results: There was no difference between the expression of the OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG in DPSC from normal and CLP subjects before and after anti IGF-1R and IGFBP-3 treatment (p≥0.05). Conclusion: Anti-IGF-1R and IGFBP-3 did not affect the expression level of OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG in dental pulp stem cells of normal subjects and cleft lip and palate subjects.

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"Latar Belakang: Subjek celah bibir dan palatum membutuhkan perawatan rekonstruksi tulang berbasis rekayasa jaringan dengan menggunakan sel stromal mesenkim. Sel stromal mesenkim merupakan sel yang banyak digunakan untuk regenerasi tulang karena mempunyai kemampuan proliferasi tinggi. Sel tersebut dapat berasal dari pulpa gigi sulung (SHED) danpulpa gigi permanen (DPSCs) yang dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi osteoblas. Pada penelitiansebelumnya telah ditemukan beberapa karakteristik DPSCs dan SHED pada subjek celah bibir dan palatum, namun kemampuan diferensiasi dari sel stromal pulpa subjek celah bibir dan palatum belum diketahui. Tujuan: Mengevaluasi kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik dari sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen dan sulung pada subjek celah bibir dan palatum melaluiekspresi gen Collagen Type I Alpha I (COL1A1). Metode : Sampel RNA yang diperoleh dari kultur RNA DPSCs dan SHED subjek celah bibir dan palatum, dengan Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan primers Collagen Type I Alpha I (COL1A1), serta 18S sebagai housekeeping gene. Hasil : Tidak terdapat perbedaan ekspresi relatif gen COL1A1 antara sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen dan sel stromal pulpa gigi sulung pada subjek celah bibir dan palatum. Kesimpulan : SHED memiliki kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik yang sama dengan DPSCs karena keduanya dapat mengekspresikan gen marker osteogenik COL1A1.

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Background: Cleft lip and palate subject need bone reconstruction based tissue engineering treatment with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). One of the most mesenchymal stromal cells that can be used is derived from dental pulp tissues, such as primary tooth pulp or stem cells from human deciduous teeth (SHED) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) which can differentiate into osteoblasts. In previous studies, several characteristics of DPSCs and SHED of the cleft lip and palate subjects have been found. However, osteogenic differentiation ability of dental pulp stromal cells from cleft lip and palate subject is unknown.

Objective: To determine the osteogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs and SHED of cleft lip and palate subjects through the expression of the Collagen Type I Alpha I (COL1A1) gene.

Methods: RNA samples obtained from the culture of DPSCs and SHED of lip and palate cleft subjects, with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using primers Collagen Type I Alpha I (COL1A1) and 18S as a housekeeping gene.

Results: There was no difference in the relative expression of COL1A1 gene between DPSCs and SHED of CLP subjects.

Conclusion: SHED has the same osteogenic differentiation ability as DPSCs because they can express osteogenic marker genes COL1A1."

"Latar Belakang: Rekayasa jaringan merupakan alternatif untuk perawatan rekonstruksi tulang alveolar pasien celah bibir dan palatum. Alternatif tersebut menghubungkan penggunaan sel punca, biomaterial/scaffolds, dan molekul sinyal. Sumber sel yang ideal untuk rekayasa jaringan adalah sel autologous karena tidak bersifat immunogenik. Sel stromal pulpa gigi permanen (DPSC) menarik untuk terapi klinis karena akses perolehannya yang mudah, morbiditas yang sangat rendah, menunjukkan kapasitas imunoregulasi yang menguntungkan, dan dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi banyak tipe sel, termasuk osteoblas. Pada penelitian sebelumnya, DPSCs pasien celah bibir dan palatum ditemukan memiliki potensi kemampuan osteogenik. Namun, kemampuan diferensiasi osteogeniknya belum diketahui. Kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik tersebut dapat diamati dari ekspresi marker osteogenik, salah satunya sclerostin yang diekspresikan pada tahap akhir diferensiasi osteoblas. Tujuan: Membandingkan kemampuan diferensiasi osteogenik DPSCs pasien celah bibir dan palatum dengan DPSCs subjek normal melalui pengamatan ekspresi gen sclerostin. Metode: DPSCs dikultur hingga mencapai 70%-80% confluent. Sampel RNA dari sel diperoleh dengan melakukan prosedur ekstraksi RNA. Ekspresi gen sclerostin diamati menggunakan Real-Time PCR menggunakan primer sclerostin dan 18s sebagai housekeeping gene. Hasil: DPSCs pasien celah bibir dan palatum memiliki nilai rata-rata ekspresi relatif gen sclerostin yang lebih tinggi 1,9 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan DPSCs subjek normal dan secara statistik berbeda bermakna dengan p = 0,013. Kesimpulan: DPSCs pada pasien celah bibir dan palatum mengekspresikan gen sclerostin sebagai marker diferensiasi osteogenik yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan DPSCs pada subjek normal secara in vitro.

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Background: Tissue engineering is an alternative for alveolar bone reconstruction treatment in cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients. The alternative links the use of stem cells, biomaterials/scaffolds, and signaling molecules. The ideal cell source for tissue engineering is autologous cells because they are not immunogenic. Dental pulp stromal cells (DPSC) are interesting for clinical therapy because of their easy accesses, very low morbidity, exhibit favorable immunoregulatory capacities, and can differentiate into many cell types, including osteoblasts. In a previous study, DPSCs in CLP patients were found to have a potential osteogenic ability. However, its osteogenic differentiation ability is not yet known. The ability of osteogenic differentiation can be observed from the expression of osteogenic markers, one of which is sclerostin, a marker that is expressed in the final stage of osteoblast differentiation. Objective: To compare osteogenic differentiation ability of DPSCs in CLP patients with DPSCs in normal subjects through the expression of sclerostin gene. Methods: DPSCs were cultured to reach 70%-80% confluent. RNA samples from cells were obtained by carrying out RNA extraction procedure. Sclerostin gene expression was assessed using Real-Time PCR using sclerostin primer and 18s as a housekeeping gene. Results: DPSCs from CLP patients have mean relative expression of sclerostin gene 1.9 times higher compared to DPSCs in normal subjects and it is statistically different with p = 0.013. Conclusions: DPSCs in CLP patients express the sclerostin gene as marker of osteogenic differentiation higher than DPSCs in normal subjects in vitro."

"Latar Belakang: Terjadinya regenerasi pada proses penyembuhan luka pulpa yang mengalami cedera akan menggantikan struktur dan fisiologis jaringan sama dengan aslinya. Proses ini dimulai dengan sel punca pulpa bermigrasi ke tempat cedera dan berfungsi. Ketika ada invasi bakteri, lingkungan pulpa terinflamasi melepaskan berbagai sinyal termasuk sinyal yang memicu migrasi sel punca pulpa. Pentingnya proses migrasi pada penyembuhan jaringan pulpa yang terinflamasi, maka pada penelitian ini mengamati perbedaan kemampuan migrasi pada hDPSCs normal dan terinflamasi lipopolisakarida (LPS) bakteri E. coli dengan waktu observasi 6 jam dan 24 jam. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan kemampuan migrasi pada hDPSCs normal dan terinflamasi yang dilihat dari laju kecepatan migrasi dan lebar luka hDPSCs pada hDPSCs normal dibandingkan dengan hDPSCs terinflamasi dengan waktu observasi 6 jam dan 24 jam. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik in vitro dengan pengamatan migrasi menggunakan metode scratch assay. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna laju kecepatan migrasi antara hDPSCs normal dan terinflamasi pada waktu observasi 6 dan 24 jam (p<0.05). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna lebar luka hDPSCs normal dan inflamasi pada waktu observasi 6 dan 24 jam (p<0.05). Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pulpa tetap memiliki potensi alamiah dalam menginduksi migrasi pada kondisi terinflamasi LPS bakteri E. coli pada periode waktu 24 jam.

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Background: Regeneration in the injured pulp wound healing process will replace its structure and tissue physiology to be the same as the original. It begins with hDPSCs migrating to the injured site and functioning. When there is a bacterial invasion, the inflamed pulp environment releases various signals stimulating hDPSCs migration. Due to the importance of the migration process in inflamed pulp tissue wound healing, this research observed the differences in migration capability of the normal and inflamed-with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) bacteria E. coli- hDPSCs. Objective: To discover the differences in migration capability between normal and inflamed hDPSCs observed from differences in migratory speed rate and wound width of normal and inflamed hDPSCs at 6 and 24 hours observation time. Methods: This research was an experimental laboratory in vitro using the scratch assay. Results: There were significant differences in migratory speed rate between normal and inflamed hDPSCs at 6 and 24 hours (p<0.05). There were significant differences in wound width in each group of normal and inflamed hDPSCs at 6 and 24 hours (p<0.05). Conclusion: These research results show that pulp remains have the natural potential to induce migration in conditions inflamed by LPS bacteria E. coli for 24 hours."

"Latar Belakang: Pada kondisi inflamasi pulpa, terdapat penurunan dari jumlah protein dan asam amino. L-Arginine adalah asam amino semi-esensial karena berperan penting pada kondisi tertentu, gangguan imun berat dan luka bakar, yang membutuhkan asupan tambahan L-Arginine eksternal. Asam amino L-Arginine menjadi satu-satunya substrat sintesis nitric oxide (NO) dan poliamina berasal dari konversi L-Arginine menjadi ornithinen melalui arginase. NO dan poliamina merangsang proliferasi sel dan memiliki efek positif pada perkembangan melalui siklus sel. Tujuan: Mengetahui potensi asam amino L-Arginine terhadap proliferasi hDPSCs. Metode: Evaluasi asam amino L- Arginine konsentrasi 300, 400, 500 μmol/L, serta DMEM sebagai kontrol terhadap proliferasi hDPSCs menggunakan uji cell count setelah 24 jam. Analisis statistic menggunakan Oneway ANOVA dengan post hoc Bonferroni. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna potensi L-Arginine 300,400 dan 500 μmol/L dibandingkan kontrol, dan L- Arginine 500 μmol/L memiliki rerata proliferasi hDPSCs paling tinggi sebesar 436.666 sel/ml. Kesimpulan: Asam amino L-Argininee memiliki potensi terhadap proliferasi hDPSCs dan proliferasi tertinggi pada asam amino L-Arginine konsentrasi 500 μmol/L.

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Background: In the inflammatory condition of the pulp, there is a decrease in the amount of protein and amino acids. L-Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid because it plays an important role in certain conditions, severe immune disorders and burns, which require additional intake of external L-Arginine. The amino acid L-Arginine is the sole substrate for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines derived from the conversion of L- Arginine to ornithine via arginase. NO and polyamines stimulate cell proliferation and have a positive effect on progression through the cell cycle. Objective: To determine the potential of L-Arginine amino acid on the proliferation of hDPSCs. Methods: Evaluation of L-Arginine amino acid with concentrations of 300, 400, 500 μmol/L, and DMEM as a control for hDPSCs proliferation using cell count test after 24 hours. Statistical analysis using Oneway ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc. Results: There was a significant difference in the potency of L-Arginine 300,400 and 500 μmol/L compared to control, and L-Arginine 500 mol/L had the highest average proliferation of hDPSCs of 436.666 cells/ml. Conclusion: The amino acid L-arginine has the potential to proliferate hDPSCs and the highest concentration at 500 μmol/L."

"Latar belakang: xylitol adalah gula alkohol berantai karbon lima (polyol) yang banyak digunakan sebagai pemanis alami dalam bentuk permen karet untuk mencegah karies gigi. Xylitol memiliki efek antikaries karena dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S. mutans yang merupakan salah satu agen utama penyebab karies gigi, menurunkan pembentukan plak dan meningkatkan remineralisasi gigi. Pulpa gigi berperan penting bagi vitalitas gigi. Pada pulpa gigi yang terbuka, xylitol dapat berpenetrasi dan menimbulkan efek biologik pada sel. Tujuan: untuk mendeteksi efek xylitol terhadap viabilitas dan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi (in vitro). Metode: sel-sel pulpa gigi didapat dari gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, dan dikultur dalam medium kultur DMEM (37°C, 5% CO2) hingga confluent. Selanjutnya sel-sel tersebut disubkultur pada kondisi yang sama selama semalam di 24-wellplate. Setelah itu kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan xylitol dengan konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 8% dan 16%. Sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak diberi xylitol. Viabilitas sel diukur dengan MTT assay. Sedangkan profil protein dianalisis dengan SDS PAGE. Hasil: rerata optical density (OD) kelompok xylitol 2% (1,784 ± 0,052), 4% (2,465 ± 0,057), 8% (2,168 ± 0,162), dan 16% (1,912 ± 0,148) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (1,566 ± 0,069). Uji statistik Oneway ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa seluruh kelompok perlakuan berbeda bermakna dengan kontrol (p<0,05). Persentase viabilitas sel diperoleh dari rerata optical density. Viabilitas sel kelompok xylitol 2% (113,92%), 4% (157,40%), 8% (138,44%), dan 16% (122,09%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (100%). Dari hasil SDS PAGE, tampak perubahan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi. Simpulan: terdapat peningkatan viabilitas sel dan perubahan profil protein sel-sel pulpa gigi setelah pemaparan xylitol.

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Background: xylitol is five carbon sugar alcohol (polyol) which is used as natural sweetener in chewing gum to prevent dental caries. Xylitol has anticaries effect as it can inhibit the growth of S. Mutans, one of the main etiology of dental caries, decrease plaque formation, and increase tooth remineralization. Dental pulp has an important role in dental vitality. In exposed dental pulp, xylitol can penetrate and induce biological response of the cells. Objective: to detect the effects of xylitol to cell viability and protein profile of dental pulp cells (in vitro). Method: dental pulp cells were obtained from healthy and freshly extracted teeth, and were cultured in DMEM (37°C, 5% CO2) until confluent. Subsequently, they were subcultured in same condition overnight on 24-well plate. Afterwards, the treatment groups were exposed by 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16% xylitol. Whilst, the control group was not exposed by xylitol. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Whereas, the protein profile was analized by SDS PAGE. Results: the mean of optical density of treatment group with xylitol 2% (1,784 ± 0,052), 4% (2,465 ± 0,057), 8% (2,168 ± 0,162), and 16% (1,912 ± 0,148) were higher than control group (1,566 ± 0,069). Statistical test Oneway ANOVA showed that all the treatment groups were significantly different compared with the control (p<0,05). The percentage of cell viability was obtained from the mean of optical density. The cell viability of xylitol 2% (113,92%), 4% (157,40%), 8% (138,44%), dan 16% (122,09%) were higher than control group (100%). From SDS PAGE, there was protein profile alteration. Conclusion: there was an increased of cell viability and the alteration of protein profile of dental pulp cells after treated with xylitol."

"Latar belakang: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) merupakan salah satu monomer yang terkandung dalam resin komposit. Jika polimerisasi resin komposit tidak sempurna, TEGDMA dapat terlepas ke dalam rongga mulut dalam beberapa menit hingga jam dan dapat berpenetrasi mencapai pulpa. TEGDMA dilaporkan bersifat toksik terhadap sel dan jaringan rongga mulut. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek TEGDMA terhadap sel-sel pulpa gigi ditentukan berdasarkan viabilitas dan profil protein sel pulpa (in vitro). Metode: Sel-sel pulpa berasal dari jaringan pulpa gigi sehat yang baru diekstraksi, kemudian dikultur dalam DMEM (37o C, 5% CO2) sampai confluent (± 2 malam). Selanjutnya dilakukan subkultur dengan kondisi yang sama selama 1 malam pada 24-wellplate. Kemudian pada kelompok perlakuan dipaparkan TEGDMA dengan konsentrasi 4 mM, 8 mM dan 12 mM selama 24 jam; sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak dipaparkan TEGDMA. Viabilitas sel diukur dengan menggunakan MTT assay dan hasilnya dibaca dengan microplate reader (490 nm), sedangkan gambaran profil protein dideteksi dengan menggunakan SDS-PAGE dan diinterpretasikan dengan menggunakan Gel Doc. Hasil: Rerata optical density (OD) ± SD kelompok perlakuan TEGDMA 4 mM (1,71 ± 0,08); 8 mM (1,59 ± 0,11); dan 12 mM (1,50 ± 0,16) lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (1,81 ± 0,11). Uji statistik One Way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa nilai rerata OD kelompok TEGDMA 8 mM dan 12 mM berbeda bermakna dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0.05). Profil protein sel mengalami perubahan setelah pemaparan TEGDMA. Kesimpulan: Pada penelitian ini viabilitas sel menurun dan terjadi perubahan profil protein sel setelah pemaparan TEGDMA.

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Background: Trietylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) is one of monomer contained in composite resin. If the polimerized was incomplete TEGDMA could bereleased into oral cavity in minutes to hours and could penetrate to the dental pulp. Itwas reported that TEGDMA has cytotoxic effects to cells and tissues in oral cavity.

Objectives: To determine the toxic effect of TEGDMA on dental pulp cells culture based on cell viability and Protein Cell Profile.

Methods: The pulp cells were isolated from the pulp tissue of the freshly extracted teeth, cultured in DMEM (37o C, 5% CO2) until confluent (± 2 nights). Afterwards, subcultured with the same condition overnight in 24-wellplate. Then, the treatment groups were treated with TEGDMA 4 mM, 8 mM, dan 12 mM for 24 hours, whereas in control group without TEGDMA exposure. The optical density of cell viability was measured by MTT assay then it was read with microplate reader in 490 nm. The protein cell profile was identified by SDS-PAGE method and analyzed by Gel Doc.

Results: Mean optical density ± SD of TEGDMA treatment group 4mM (1,71 ± 0,08), 8mM (1,59 ± 0,11), and 12 mM (1,50 ± 0,16) were lower than the control group (1,81 ± 0,11). One Way ANOVA analysis showed that TEGDMA treatment group 8 mM and 12 mM had significant differences compared with the control group (p<0,05). The protein profile of cells was altered after TEGDMA exposure.

Conclusion: In this research the cell viability was decreased and the protein profile of cells was altered after TEGDMA exposure."