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"Discussing on bureaucracy reform is the same thing that making effort how to realize restructuring and reposition of the existing system and the behavior of government bureaucracy in order to create goog governance. The reform of the system and beahavior of government bureaucracy must be taking in account tree main thing as following : first, the desire to implement, consistently, the democracy; second, the chance from single majority system to multi - party system and ;third, the paradigm's changing from government to governance. How to reform the existing system and the behavior of government bureaucracy based on those three main aspects above mentioned will be the content of this paper."

"Sejak terbitnya Undang-undang tentang Desa pada tahun 2014, desa sebagai pemerintah daerah pada tingkat terendah di Indonesia, memiliki hak otonomi untuk mengatur anggarannya. Salah satu mandat dari undang-undang ini adalah lahirnya program Dana Desa. Seperti yang dinyatakan di dalam undang-undang tersebut, tujuan dari program Dana Desa adalah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kesetaraan pembangunan desa. Penelitian ini menganalisa pengaruh Dana Desa terhadap pembangunan desa di Kabupaten Simalungun, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, yang memiliki potensi ekonomi yang cukup baik. Desain empiris pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan difference-in-difference seta panel data untuk 386 desa dari tahun 2014 sampai 2018. Indeks Pembangunan Desa (IPD) digunakan untuk menggambarkan pembangunan desa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Dana desa secara parsial mempengaruhi status pembangunan desa dengan meningkatkan kualitas infrastruktur dan administrasi pemerintahan desa.

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Since the establishment of Indonesia’s Village Law in 2014, the village, as the lowest tier of regional government in Indonesia, has the autonomy to regulate its budget. A mandate of the Village Law is implementing the Village Fund program. As stated in the law, the objective of the Village Fund program is to improve the welfare and equity of village development. This research paper analyses the impact of the Village Fund on rural development in Simalungun District, in North Sumatera Province, which has significant economic potential. This empirical design relies on a difference-in-difference approach and panel data for 386 villages from 2014 to 2018. The Village Development index reflects rural development. The result indicates that Village Fund partially impacted the village development status by improving the quality of infrastructure and enhancing village government administration."

"Author's account on history of politics in Indonesia since 1965 up to present time."