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"Hypertension is a state of blood pressure ≥140 mmHg (systolic) or ≥90 mmHg (diastolic). Incidence of womenhypertension in Rejomulyo from January to November 2013 reached 28.4%, in which 87% were menopausal. Riskfactors increased since early menopausal period. The aim of the study was to analyze risk factors of hypertension inmenopausal women in Rejomulyo, Madiun. An observational analysis was conducted with cross-sectional study design.Samples were 90 menopausal women aged 50-80 years using stratified random sampling. Bivariate analysis showedassociation between obesity (p=0.023;CI: 1.4-116.8), abdominal obesity (p=0.002;CI: 1.8-24.9), family historysuffering of hypertension (p=0.018;CI: 1.2-7.1), elderly age (p =0.028;CI: 1.2-12.9), high stress level (p=0.001;CI: 2.9-19.4) and often natrium consumption (p=0.001;CI: 2.4-15.2). Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors ofhypertension were abdominal obesity (POR adj=9.2 CI: 1.7-50.9), elderly age or >65 years old (POR adj=8.6;CI: 1.6-45.1), high stress level (POR adj=8.6;CI: 2.6-28.3) and often natrium consumption (POR adj=6.4;CI: 1.9-20.5). Thisstudy found that risk factors of hypertension were abdominal obesity, elderly age (>65 years old), high stress level, andhigh natrium consumption. Tawangrejo Health Center should be in collaboration with relevant sectors such as the PKKand health cadres.Faktor Risiko Hipertensi pada Wanita Menopause di Rejomulyo, Madiun. Hipertensi merupakan keadaan dimanatekanan darah ≥140 mmHg (sistolik) atau ≥90 mmHg (diastolik). Kejadian hipertensi pada wanita di Rejomulyo padabulan Januari-November 2013 mencapai 28,4%, dimana 87% dari jumlah tersebut merupakan wanita menopause.Faktor risiko meningkat sejak periode awal menopause. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktorfaktorrisiko hipertensi pada wanita menopause di Rejomulyo, Madiun. Analisis pengamatan dilakukan dengan desainstudi cross-sectional. Sampel studi adalah 90 wanita menopause berusia 50-80 tahun yang dipilih dengan stratifiedrandom sampling. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara obesitas (p=0,023;CI: 1,4-116,8), obesitasabdominal (p=0,002;CI: 1,8-24,9), riwayat keluarga dengan hipertensi (p=0,018;CI: 1,2-7,1), usia lanjut (p=0,028;CI:1,2-12,9), tingkat stres yang tinggi (p = 0,001;CI: 2,9-19,4), dan konsumsi natrium yang tinggi (p=0,001 CI: 2,4-15,2).Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko hipertensi adalah obesitas abdominal (POR adj=9,2;CI: 1,7-50,9),usia tua atau >65 tahun (POR adj=8,6;CI: 1,6-45,1), tingkat stres tinggi (POR adj=8,6;CI: 2,6-28,3) dan konsumsinatrium yang tinggi (POR adj=6,4;CI: 1,9-20,5). Studi ini menemukan bahwa faktor risiko hipertensi adalah obesitasabdominal, usia tua (>65 tahun), tingkat stres yang tinggi, dan konsumsi natrium yang tinggi. Pusat KesehatanTawangrejo harus bekerja sama dengan berbagai sektor relevan seperti PKK dan kader kesehatan."

"Faktor Risiko Hipertensi pada Wanita Menopause di Rejomulyo, Madiun. Hipertensi merupakan keadaan dimana tekanan darah ≥140 mmHg (sistolik) atau ≥90 mmHg (diastolik). Kejadian hipertensi pada wanita di Rejomulyo pada bulan Januari-November 2013 mencapai 28,4%, dimana 87% dari jumlah tersebut merupakan wanita menopause. Faktor risiko meningkat sejak periode awal menopause. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor- faktor risiko hipertensi pada wanita menopause di Rejomulyo, Madiun. Analisis pengamatan dilakukan dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Sampel studi adalah 90 wanita menopause berusia 50-80 tahun yang dipilih dengan stratified random sampling. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara obesitas (p=0,023;CI: 1,4-116,8), obesitas abdominal (p=0,002;CI: 1,8-24,9), riwayat keluarga dengan hipertensi (p=0,018;CI: 1,2-7,1), usia lanjut (p=0,028;CI: 1,2-12,9), tingkat stres yang tinggi (p = 0,001;CI: 2,9-19,4), dan konsumsi natrium yang tinggi (p=0,001 CI: 2,4-15,2). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko hipertensi adalah obesitas abdominal (POR adj=9,2;CI: 1,7-50,9), usia tua atau >65 tahun (POR adj=8,6;CI: 1,6-45,1), tingkat stres tinggi (POR adj=8,6;CI: 2,6-28,3) dan konsumsi natrium yang tinggi (POR adj=6,4;CI: 1,9-20,5). Studi ini menemukan bahwa faktor risiko hipertensi adalah obesitas abdominal, usia tua (>65 tahun), tingkat stres yang tinggi, dan konsumsi natrium yang tinggi. Pusat Kesehatan Tawangrejo harus bekerja sama dengan berbagai sektor relevan seperti PKK dan kader kesehatan.;Hypertension is a state of blood pressure ≥140 mmHg (systolic) or ≥90 mmHg (diastolic). Incidence of women hypertension in Rejomulyo from January to November 2013 reached 28.4%, in which 87% were menopausal. Risk factors increased since early menopausal period. The aim of the study was to analyze risk factors of hypertension in menopausal women in Rejomulyo, Madiun. An observational analysis was conducted with cross-sectional study design. Samples were 90 menopausal women aged 50-80 years using stratified random sampling. Bivariate analysis showed association between obesity (p=0.023;CI: 1.4-116.8), abdominal obesity (p=0.002;CI: 1.8-24.9), family history suffering of hypertension (p=0.018;CI: 1.2-7.1), elderly age (p =0.028;CI: 1.2-12.9), high stress level (p=0.001;CI: 2.9- 19.4) and often natrium consumption (p=0.001;CI: 2.4-15.2). Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors of hypertension were abdominal obesity (POR adj=9.2 CI: 1.7-50.9), elderly age or >65 years old (POR adj=8.6;CI: 1.6- 45.1), high stress level (POR adj=8.6;CI: 2.6-28.3) and often natrium consumption (POR adj=6.4;CI: 1.9-20.5). This study found that risk factors of hypertension were abdominal obesity, elderly age (>65 years old), high stress level, and high natrium consumption. Tawangrejo Health Center should be in collaboration with relevant sectors such as the PKK and health cadres.

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Hypertension is a state of blood pressure ≥140 mmHg (systolic) or ≥90 mmHg (diastolic). Incidence of women hypertension in Rejomulyo from January to November 2013 reached 28.4%, in which 87% were menopausal. Risk factors increased since early menopausal period. The aim of the study was to analyze risk factors of hypertension in menopausal women in Rejomulyo, Madiun. An observational analysis was conducted with cross-sectional study design. Samples were 90 menopausal women aged 50-80 years using stratified random sampling. Bivariate analysis showed association between obesity (p=0.023;CI: 1.4-116.8), abdominal obesity (p=0.002;CI: 1.8-24.9), family history suffering of hypertension (p=0.018;CI: 1.2-7.1), elderly age (p =0.028;CI: 1.2-12.9), high stress level (p=0.001;CI: 2.9- 19.4) and often natrium consumption (p=0.001;CI: 2.4-15.2). Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors of hypertension were abdominal obesity (POR adj=9.2 CI: 1.7-50.9), elderly age or >65 years old (POR adj=8.6;CI: 1.6- 45.1), high stress level (POR adj=8.6;CI: 2.6-28.3) and often natrium consumption (POR adj=6.4;CI: 1.9-20.5). This study found that risk factors of hypertension were abdominal obesity, elderly age (>65 years old), high stress level, and high natrium consumption. Tawangrejo Health Center should be in collaboration with relevant sectors such as the PKK and health cadres."

"Akibat kekurangan estrogen pada wanita menopause timbullah berbagai masalah kesehatan. Gangguan susunan saraf pusat seperti stroke dan Alzheimer sering ditemukan pada wanita menopause. Estrogen sangat berperan memicu regulasi pertumbuhan sel-sel neuron dan memiliki juga khasiat sinaptogenik yang meningkatkan fungsi memori. Terapi sulih hormon (TSH) menurunkan risiko stroke hingga 30% dan mengurangi risiko kematian karena stroke hingga 60%. Terapi sulih hormon mempengaruhi fungsi memori wanita menopause dan menurunkan risiko timbulnya demensia. Wanita yang mendapatkan TSH menunjukkan peningkatan fungsi memori dan dapat menjawab soal-soal dengan lebih baik dibandingkan wanita yang mendapatkan plasebo. Perdarahan pervaginam merupakan keluhan terbanyak bagi wanita dengan TSH kombinasi. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 246-9)

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As a result of estrogen deficiency in menopausal women various health problems occur. Disorders of central nervous system such as stroke and dementia due to Alzheimer?s disease are frequently encountered in menopausal women. Estrogen plays an important role in the maintenance of the dense network of neural fibres connecting one nerve cell to another, and in the synaptic activity facilitating cognitive thought and memory. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) reduced the risk of stroke by 30 % and a reduction of 60 % in risk of stroke mortality. The HRT influence cognitive functioning in menopausal women and may reduce the risk of developing dementia. Women who received HRT performed better on several tests of memory and logical reasoning than women taking placebo. Vaginal bleeding episodes constitute the major cause of women?s dissatisfaction with combined HRT. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 246-9"

"Penelitian ini untuk melihat efek terapi sulih hormon (?HRT?) dan pil kombinasi dosis rendah terhadap ketebalan kulit ( kolagen ), profil lipid dan kimia darah pada wanita menopause. Penilitian ini berlangsung selama 1 tahun. Sebanyak 36 wanita menopause dilakukan randomisasi yaitu 18 orang mendapat HRT dan 18 orang mendapatkan pil kombinasi dosis rendah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan ketebalan kulit ( kolagen ) baik pada wanita yang mendapat HRT maupun pada wanita yang mendapat pil kombinasi dosis rendah. Namun peningkatan ketebalan kulit lebih besar pada wanita yang menggunakan pil kombinasi dosis rendah. Peningkatan ketebalan kulit tersebut dapat mencegan osteoporosis. Pemberian HRT maupun pil kombinasi dosis rendah terjadi perubahan profil lipid maupun kimia darah, namun perubahan tersebut masih dalam batas normal. Pemberian pil kombinasi dosis rendah dapat dipertimbangkan diberikan pada wanita menopause. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 224-8)

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This study to evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy ( HRT ) and low-dose combinated oral pill on skin thickness , lipid profile and blood chemistry on menopausal woman.This study was carried out in one year randomized prospective study. 36 women were divided into 18 women receiving HRT and the other 18 receiving low-dose oral pill. The result of this study showed an increase in skin thickness ( collagen ) in both groups. But Those received low dose oral pill showed more . The increase of the skin thickness can prevent osteoporosis. The administration of HRT or low-dose oral pill could cause allteration in blood lipip profile and blood chemistry. But The changes were still within in normal limit. The administration of low-dose oral pill can be considered in postmenopausal women. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 224-8)"

"ABSTRAKMenopause merupakan suatu fenomena komplek dalam kontek sosial budaya. Tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan konsep mengenai pengaruh sosial budaya Karawang pada respon dan koping wanita yang mengalami menopause. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan Grounded Theory. Delapan partisipan dalam penelitian ini didapatkan dengan cara theoretical sampling. Proses analisa data menggunakan tematik analisis. Meskipun terdapat budaya yang kurang mendukung, wanita dapat menerima menopause dan melakukan koping adaptif yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan eksternal. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran kepada tenaga kesehatan bahwa pengalaman menopause sangat individual. Perlu dilakukan penelitian serupa dengan sampel yang lebih besar dan karakteristik partisipan yang heterogen.

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ABSTRACTMenopause is a complex phenomenon experienced within a sociocultural contex. The purpose of this study is to develop concept about the influences of sociocultural on responses and coping toward menopausal women. A qualitative research design (grounded theory) was use to analyze the experiences of midlife women move through the transition of the perimenopause. Eight participants were selected by theoretical sampling. Data was analyzed used by thematic analysis.Women accept menopause although there is negative cultural in Karawang. Internal and eksternal factor can influences respons and coping. This results give a knowledge to nursing that menopause experiences are individualize. It requires same study with higher sample and more heterogeneous participants characteristic. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah ada hubungan antara gejala-gejala menopause dan kepuasan perkawinan pada wanita. Terdapat 60 wanita menopause yang berpartisipasi sebagai subyek di dalam penelitian. Penelitian ini menggunakan terjemahan dan adaptasi dari Dyadic Adjustment Scale untuk mengukur kepuasan perkawinan, dan terjemahan dari Menopause Rating Scale untuk mengukur gejala-gejala menopause. Data diolah dengan menggunakan analisis Pearson's Correlation.Hasil analisa mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara gejala-gejala menopause dan kepuasan perkawinan pada wanita. Selain itu, terdapat pula hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara gejala-gejala menopause dan ketiga aspek yang terdapat dalam kepuasan perkawinan, yaitu persetujuan bersama, kepuasan hati, dan persamaan serta kebersamaan. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa sebaiknya para wanita dapat lebih memahami tentang gejala-gejala menopause agar dapat mengantisipasi segala keluhannya dan wanita juga diharapkan dapat lebih terbuka dengan suami akan proses menopause yang dialami.

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The aim of this study is to observe whether there is a relationship between menopausal symptoms and marital satisfaction. There were 60 menopause women who participated in this study. The current study used the translation and the adaptation from the Dyadic Adjustment Scale to measure marital satisfaction and the translation from Menopause Rating Scale to assess menopausal symptoms. The Data was analysed by using Pearson's correlation analysis.The results revealed that there was a significant negative relationship between menopausal symptoms and marital satisfaction. Moreover, there were also significant negative relationships between menopausal symptoms and three aspects in marital satisfaction, which are consensus, satisfaction, and cohesion. Furthermore, the study suggested that women should be completely aware of menopausal symptoms to deal with the problems. Besides that, women should be more approachable to their husbands about the menopausal symptoms and problems."

"Untuk mengetahui pola densitas mineral tulang pada wanita pasca menopause dilakukan penelitian secara retrospektif terhadap 40 wanita pasca menopause dengan menggunakan alat Dexa pada tulang L2 – L4. Didapatkan hasil dengan akurasi formula survey 15%: rerata usia menopause 53,25 tahun, 30 % densitas mineral tulang normal, 52,5 % osteopenia & 17,5 % osteoporosis. Pada penelitian ini juga didapatkan ada hubungan yang kuat ( r = 0,547 ) & sangat bermakna ( p = 0,000 ) antara tinggi badan dengan densitas mineral tulang, didapatkan hubungan yang cukup ( r = 0,315 ) & bermakna ( p = 0,047 ) antara berat badan dengan densitas mineral tulang, demikian pula hubungan yang cukup ( r = - 0,301 ) & bermakna ( p = 0,059 ) antara lama menopause dengan densitas mineral tulang, serta tidak didapatkan hubungan antara usia ( r = 0,119 ) maupun Indeks Masa Tubuh ( IMT ) ( r = 0,086 ) dengan densitas mineral tulang. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 31-9)

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To identify the pattern of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women through retrospective study in 40 postmenopausal women using Dexa instrument in bones (L2 - L4). Results with 15% of survey formula accuracy were found: mean of menopausal age was 53.25 years, normal bone mineral density 30%, osteopenia 52.5%, and osteoporosis 17.5%. A very strong relationship (r=0.547) and a significant relationship (p=0.000) between body height and bone mineral density were found in this study, and there was a moderate (r=0.315) and significant (p= 0.047) relationship between body weight and bone mineral density, and likewise there was a moderate (r=-0.301) and significant (p=0.059) relationship between duration of menopause and bone mineral density. By contrast, no relationship was found between age (r=0.119) and Body Mass Index (BMI) (r=0.086) and bone mineral density. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 31-9)"

"Bertambahnya populasi usia lanjut memberikan tantangan baru bagi tenaga kesehatan dan pemberi layanan kesehatan, agar proses aging yang dialami tidak memberikan dampak pada kerentanan status kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian mengembangkan "Paket Kemilau Senja" dan pengaruhnya terhadap pemahaman serta kemampuan mengatasi permasalahan perempuan menopause di Jakarta Timur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Besar sampel kuantitatif 291 responden, yang terdiri dari 158 kelompok intervensi dan 133 kelompok kontrol serta 10 orang partisipan. Hasil tahap I diperoleh pengembangan "Paket Kemilau Senja" untuk perempuan menopause. Hasil tahap II pada kelompok intervensi terdapat perbedaan kemampuan mengatasi permasalahan masa menopause sebelum dan sesudah diberikan "Paket Kemilau Senja" dalam permasalahan: fisik (p=0,002), seksual (p=0,036 ) dan psikologis (p=0,004), selanjutnya pada kelompok intervensi dan kontrol terdapat perbedaan kemampuan mengatasi permasalahan: fisik (p=0,041), seksual (p=0,001) dan psikologis (p=0,000). Data kuantitatif tersebut juga didukung oleh pernyataan partisipan tentang adanya penurunan terhadap permasalahan fisik, seksual dan psikologis setelah diberikan intervensi "Paket Kemilau Senja". Rekomendasi ?Paket Kemilau Senja? agar didesiminasikan kepada petugas kesehatan dan masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup perempuan menopause.

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The growing size of elderly population has brought new challenges to health care personnel in general and specifically in order to keep the process of aging toward the fragility of their health status. The aim of this study was to develop the "Kemilau Senja Package" or the ?Serenade Package? and its effect on nursing comprehension and ability to overcome problems of women who experience menopause in East Jakarta. Data was collected through quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative sample size was 291 respondents that consisted of 158 subjects in the intervention group and 133 subjects in the control group whereas for qualitative methods was participated by 10 participants. The product of the 1st stage of the study was a "Kemilau Senja Package" for women who experience menopause, while the results of the 2nd stage of study demonstrated that there is a different ability to overcome problems between before and after receiving the "Kemilau Senja Package", on problems: physical (p=0.000), sexual (p=0.001) and psychological (p=0.000). Further, there is different ability between the intervention and control group in overcoming problems: physical (p=0.000), sexual (p=0.000) and psychological (p=0.000). The quantitative finding was also supported with the statement of participants on the presence of reduced physical, sexual and psychological problems after receiving the intervention of the ?Kemilau Senja Package?. Based on the finding, it?s strong recommendation to disseminate the ?Kemilau Senja Package? to Health Care providers and the community in regard to improving the quality of life of women who experience menopause."