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"This paper aims to show that the traditional governance system, Lampik Empat Merdike and Sindang merdike (free men) established by the Besemah society in the past is the source of enthusiasm and democratic spirit in Besemah ethnocratic society. Besemah people's lives have changed through many different periods, from the megalithic, to the imperial, the colonial and to post-colonial (independence) periods. The kind of change that has taken place is concerned with the society?s view of diversity in various aspects, such as culture, knowledge, the world outside the ethnic community of Besemah, and education. Thus, multiculturalism is a unique characteristic of the Besemah community. There are two important aspects of multiculturalism in the Besemah community, namely: (1) interaction and communication between different cultures (Besemah and Dutch), (2) changes in public perception regarding the Besemah from local to global perceptions. These demonstrate that the community has a unique type of multiculturalism based on ethnocracy and the traditional governance system.The research shows that multiculturalism in Besemah society still exists in their daily lives and has a pragmatic function to improve the quality of life in various sectors."

"Skripsi ini membahas tantangan tersendiri yang ada pada multikulturalisme kontemporer dan bagaimana mengatasinya, dengan menjabarkan penelitian yang dilakukan atas pemikiran Bhikhu Parekh, khususnya pada bukunya yang berjudul Rethinking Multiculturalism. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan interpretatif-analitis. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa multikulturalisme kontemporer membutuhkan suatu wadah khusus, berupa struktur politik yang berperspektif multikultural, sehingga mampu mengakomodasi keadilan, kebudayaan kolektif majemuk, dan identitas nasional untuk hidup di dalamnya. Jaminan atas ketiga hal ini yang mampu menjawab tantangan atas multikulturalisme kontemporer.

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The focus of this literate study is the challenge to contemporary multiculturalism and how to face it, by reporting the research that author did to Bhikhu Parekh thought, especially in Rethinking Multiculturalism. This research is analytic-descriptive research.

The result of this research is contemporary multiculturalism need its own bowl, a political structure with multicultural perspective. This is the very beginning step to accommodate justice, collective culture, and national identity to rise together. The guarantee of these three important things is the answer to the challenge."

"Tesis ini meneliti tentang konsep dan implementasi gaya kepemimpinan multikulturalisme dalam organisasi kepemudaan nasional dengan mengambil studi kasus pada Dewan Pimpinan Pusat Komite Nasional Pemuda Indonesia periode 2011-2014. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan design penelitian deskriptif-analitis.Hasil penelitian ini adalah kepemimpinan multikulturalisme sudah cukup dijalankan dengan baik dalam organisasi KNPI. Hal itu dapat terlihat dengan terciptanya perasaan saling menghargai keberagaman suku, agama, budaya, latar belakang organisasi dan lainnya yang ada dalam kepengurusan. Selain itu para pemimpin organisasi ini sudah berusaha maksimal mempengaruhi dan mengajak anggota atau kader lain untuk menjalankan kepemimpinan multikultural.Dalam persoalan multikulturalisme yang berkaitan dengan pola komunikasi antar budaya, para pengurus berusaha mengelola dinamika yang terjadi dalam kepengurusan selama tiga tahun. Ada beberapa kekurangan yang harus dibenahi seperti masih adanya pandangan kepemimpinan dijalankan dengan sistem politik uang, belum adanya standar baku kepemimpinan setiap kepengurusan, masih adanya program yang belum berjalan, pola komunikasi yang harus lebih efektif lagi dan masih menguatnya maskulinitas dalam kepengurusan sehingga posisi perempuan atau pemudi belum mendapatkan porsi yang seimbang dalam kepengurusan.

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This thesis examines the concept and implementation of leadership style multiculturalism in the national youth organization with a case study on the Central Executive Board of the National Committee of Indonesian Youth 2011-2014 period. This study is a qualitative study with descriptive-analytic study design.Results of this study are leadership multiculturalism run well enough in the organization KNPI. It can be seen with the creation of mutual respect diversity of tribe, religion, culture, background organizations and other that exist in the management. Besides the leaders of this organization has been trying to maximum affect and invite members or other cadres to run a multicultural leadership.In issues related to multiculturalism intercultural communication patterns, officials are trying to manage the dynamics that occur in the management for three years. There are some shortcomings that need to be addressed such as the persistence of the view of leadership is run by the political system of money, lack of leadership each management standards, there still exists a program that has not worked, communication patterns must be more effective and still the strengthening of masculinity in the management so that the position of women or girls not getting a balanced portion in the management."

"Batik merupakan warisan budaya leluhur bangsa Indonesia. Periode awal kemunculan batik erat hubungannya dengan masa kerajaan Majapahit dan penyebaran Islam di tanah Jawa. Motif batik secara general dapat dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu motif batik pedalaman (keraton) dan motif batik pesisir. Motif batik pedalaman biasanya bermotif simbolik geometrik, serta corak-corak yang yang memiliki makna tertentu. Batik pedalaman biasanya berwarna hitam, cokelat, biru atau putih. Sedangkan batik pesisir biasanya memiliki motif yang banyak dipengaruhi oleh negri lain karena daerah pesisir biasanya dijadikan tempat persinggahan oleh para saudagar asing. Motif batik pesisir yang mendapat pengaruh dari negri lain, antara lain : awan, burung phoenix, naga, gajah, dll. Warnanya pun biasanya berwarna terang. Salah satu batik pesisir yang terkenal di Indonesia adalah batik mega mendung, batik ini merupakan produk asimilasi budaya antara kebudayaan Cina dan Indonesia.

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Batik is the ancestral heritage of Indonesia. The initial period of batik emergence is closely connected with the Majapahit empire and the spread of Islam in Java. Batik motifs in general can be divided into two, namely the inland batik motif (palace) and the coastal batik motifs. Inland batik motif is usually symbolic geometric motifs, and the motifs that have specific meanings. Batik inland usually black, brown, blue or white. Meanwhile, coastal batik motifs usually have a lot of other lands as influenced by coastal regions typically be a haven by foreign merchants. Coastal batik motifs from other lands influenced by, among other things: clouds, phoenix, dragon, elephant, etc.. The color is usually light. One of the famous coastal batik in Indonesia is a batik mega mendung, batik mega mendung is a product of cultural assimilation between Chinese and Indonesian culture."

"Kedudukan autos pahlawan olahraga mempunyai peran lebih dari sekedar atlit dalam masyarakat majemuk Amerika sejak tahun 1950an. Mereka tidak hanya dituntut untuk mendominasi bidang olahraganya tetapi juga mewakili perjuangan berbagai kelompok dalam proses penerapan multikulturalisme. Isu-isu yang timbul yaitu pengakuan identitas kolektif dan berbagai isu lain sehubungan dengan perubahan tradisi dalam institusi olahraga tersebut. Tiger Woods seorang pemain golf profesional yang mendominasi bidang olahraganya menjadi sarana dari isu-isu berbagai kelompok yang saling bertentangan, saling mendominasi ataupun benegosiasi. Tiger Woods yang dalam hal ini menjadi media bersikap pragmatis dengan memanfaatkan kembali isu-isu tersebut bagi kepentingan pribadi maupun kepentingan kelompok lain.Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dan cultural studies, dengan menganalisa representasi tokoh Tiger Woods maka dapat ditunjukkan adanya tuntutan suatu media yang dapat mengakomodasi berbagai benturan dan dukungan dalam berbagai kelompok yang ada dalam masyarakat Amerika sehubungan dengan proses multikulturalisme. Representasi dari Tiger Woods yang dimaknai berbeda-beda membuat perubahan pada pemahaman suatu identitas yang sifatnya fixed atau stasis menjadi dinamis dan merupakan negosiasi antara masa lalu dan masa kini. Tiger Woods juga menjadi representasi dalam masyarakat multikultural Amerika bukan hanya karena identitas yang ada pada dirinya tetapi karena fungsi representasi dari Tiger Woods bagi kepentingan berbagai kelompok tersebut.Identitas individu yang dipahami oleh masyarakat didasari oleh kalegori yang berdasarkan pads ras, etnik, gender dan kelas sehingga muncul berbagai tuntutan pada diri Tiger Woods yang memiliki latar belakang biologis multiras dan multi etnik. Kesadaran akan klasifkasi identitas bagi general multiras dimunculkan dalam fenomena ini. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa klasifikasi identitas yang ada dalam masyarakat dituntut untuk dapat disesuaikan dengan perkembangan yang terjadi sehubungan dengan proses multikulturalisme.Tiger Woods dapat mendominasi olahraga golf yang menjadi supremasi monokulturalisme (rich, middle-age white men). Perubahan yang terjadi dalam tradisi golf menjadikan Tiger Woods dimaknai sebagai simbol perjuangan multikulturalisme. Olahraga golf disini menjadi sarana pergesekan antara monokulturalisme dan multikulturalisme. Representasi Tiger Woods dalam perubahan tradisi golf dimanfaatkan oleh berbagai kelompok untuk kepentingan mereka sehubungan dengan olahraga golf isu sendiri maupun kepentingan diluar urusan golf.Dari berbagai pemaknaan dan penggunaan mitos pahlawan olahraga Tiger Woods ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakal Amerika memerlukan suatu media yang tidak saja merefleksikan suatu proses multikulturalisme tetapi juga terlibat dan berperan dalam pembentukan proses itu sendiri. Representasi Tiger Woods menjadi signifikan karena memproduksi berbagai simbol dan anti, mengorganisir berbagai pemaknaan dan digunakan sebagai acuan berbagai objek, isu, golongan, peristiwa ataupun aturan-aturan secara nyata dalam masyarakat majemuk Amerika, berdasarkan kode-kode yang sesuai dengan latar belakang konsep pemikiran masing-masing kelompok.

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The myth of sports heroes or heroines has played some important role in the American multicultural society since the 1950s. They are not demanded not only to dominate the sports but also to represent some groups in the process of implementing multiculturalism. The issues raised are collective identity recognition and some other issues related to the tradition changes in the related sports institutions. Tiger Woods, a dominant professional golfer has facilitated the issues from different groups that opposites, dominated, and negotiated to each other. He, in this respect a negotiator, is pragmatic by employing the issues for his own or other groups' interests.

Through qualitative approach in cultural studies, analyzing the representation of the sports figure Tiger Wood, I can demonstrate that there is a demand that media must be capable of accommodating various conflicts and supports within the American social groups especially if connected to the multicultural process. The representation of Tiger Woods, which is interpreted differently, has changed the understanding of an identity that used to be fixed or static into the one dynamic and negotiating the past and present. Tiger Woods represents the multicultural American society not because of what he has personally but because of his functioning as the representative of those groups.

Individual identity is understood as categorization with the basis of race, ethnic, gender, and class; therefore, there come demands to Tiger Woods, the one who is biologically of multi races and multi ethnics. The awareness of identity classification of the multiracial generation is raised in this phenomenon. This shows that such social classification is required to adjust to the progress of multicultural process.

Tiger Woods can dominate golf, a monoculture hegemony (rich, middle-aged white men). The changes of this tradition have made Tiger Woods a symbol of the multicultural movement. Golf facilitates the negotiation of monoculture-multicultural conflicts. This representation in changing golf tradition is made good use of by some groups for sports and non-sports purposes.

From the meaning and use of the myth of sports heroes, Tiger Woods shows that American society needs a medium that not only reflects the multicultural process but also involves and takes part in the process itself. The representation becomes significant because it produces symbols and meanings, manages several meaning-makings, and is used as standards of various objects, issues, social groups, events or regulations explicitly in the multicultural America with the basis of codes which conform the background thoughts of each social group."

"Pluralism and multiculturalism is not only a fact of life but also has become our national identity that grows and develops long before this nation merge into one unified whole, namely the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Despite the recent Indonesian nation incessantly beset by problems, either in the form of communal conflict, social injustice, equitable development, as well as repressive actions carried out by some groups or circles in the name of religion as legitimacy but nonetheless this nation stands firmly with the symbol and identity diversity. Currently and in the next 50 years, suppose the Indonesian people in both urban and rural areas do need the right choice amid national life increasingly disturbed due to popping conflicts that occur in many areas of the nation. Various theories and ideas have been studied and analyzed critically in order to uphold nation unity and religious tolerance in civilized cultural diversity. A civilized society need a frame of reference for understanding why social issues as well as the threat of national disintegration as a result of the eruption of the conflict in the form of ethnicity, religion, identity, and culture remains the case for nearly 72 years of Indonesian independence. Followed by what the best solution is expected."

"Multiculturalism in global society explores the concepts and debates surrounding the complex modern phenomenon of multiculturalism, and its varied effects on the advanced industrial nations of the world. With remarkable clarity and concision, it focuses on the interrelated ties of ethnicity, race, and nationalism in a world where globalizing processes have made such ties increasingly important in economic, political, and cultural terms. "