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"In the global environment, it's no question that we need to evaluate our training programs. That, of course, is easier said than done. The four-level evaluation model simplifies what can be a complex process. This work explains each of the four evaluation levels, what resources you need for each level, and which programs you should evaluate. "

"Salah satu mekanisme terjadinya resistemi leptin pada obesitas adalah kelainan reseptor leptin (Ob-R). Beberapa penelitian membuklikan bahwa aktifitas ikatan leptin di serum manusia berhubungan dengan reseptor leptin terlarut (soluble leptin receptor) dan restriksi asupan energi menyebabkan penurunan kadar leptin darah. Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui beda kadar reseptor leptin terlarut serum dan densitas reseptor leptin dijaringan lemak adventitial aorta setelah dilakukan restriksi diet selama 4 minggu. Kadar reseptor leptin terlarut diukur dengan ELISA dan densitas reseptor leptin di jaringan lemak dengan irnunohistokimia. Kadar reseptor leptin terlarut pada kelompok perlakuan 40% diet normal lebih rendah dibanding kontrol (p=0,02). Tidak didapaikan perbedaan reseptor leptin terlarut yang bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan 40% diet normal, 1 hari puasa-1 hari makan normal dan 1 hari pitasa-2 hari makan normal. Di sisi lain, densitas reseplor leptin dijaringan lemak advenlitia aorta justru lebih tinggi pada kelompok restriksi 40% daripada kontrol. Restriksi diet 40% kalori normal harian menurunkan kadar reseptor leptin terlarut di serum, tetapi meningkatkan densitas reseptor leptin dijaringan lemak advential aorta tikus. Perubahan ini mungkin merupakan akibat mekanisme up regulation dalani mempertahankan homeostasis. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:145-50)

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One of the five possible mechanisms of leptin resistance in human obesity is the defect in the leptin receptor (Ob-R). Evidence has accumulated that leptin-binding activity in human serum is related to a soluble form of the leptin receptor, and restriction of energy intake resulted a decrease in circulating leptin levels. Aim of this study is to examine the difference of serum soluble leptin receptor level and ieplin receptor density in rat adipose tissue of adventitial aorta after four weeks treated with different restricted diets. Soluble leptin receptor level was measured by ELISA and leptin receptor density by using immuno-hisfochemistry. The soluble leptin receptor in group treated with 40% of normal daily calori diet was found significantly lower than control (p = 0.02). There were no any significant differences among group treated with 40 % of normal daily calori diet, "I day fast-] day eat", and "ldayfaxt-2 days eat" groups, and among I day fast-1 day eat", "day fast - 2 days eat" and control groups as well. On the other hand, leptin receptor density in adipose tissues was higher in restricted diet group than control. Diet of 40 % normal daily calorie for 4 weeks decreased soluble leptin receptor level, but increased adipocyte leptin receptor density of the adipose tissue of rat adventitial aorta. These changes may be resulted from an up regulation mechanism in relation with homeostatic maintenance. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:145-50)"

"Salah satu mekanisme terjadinya resistensi leptin pada obesitas adalah kelainan reseptor leptin (Ob-R)."

"Saat ini kebutuhan akan transportasi umum terus meningkat. Moda transportasi umum yang paling banyak digunakan di Indonesia adalah Kereta Api. Masifnya penggunaan Kereta Api di Indonesia menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan. Salah satu permasalahan yang krusial adalah potensi tingginya kecelakaan kerja. Kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi di Indonesia terus meningkat dari tahun 2016-2022, dan sektor transportasi menjadi penyumbang terbesar ketiga. Kecelakaan kerja pada sektor transportasi di Indonesia dominan disebabkan oleh human error. Dari total 17 kecelakaan kerja yang terjadi di PT KCI, 10 diantaranya disebabkan oleh human error. Terdapat metode-metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan penilaian human error, namun belum ditemukan penelitian dengan metode Human Reliability Assessment terintegrasi yang dilakukan di Indonesia. Metode HRA terintegrasi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil dengan tingkat konsistensi dan sensitivitas yang lebih tinggi serta minim subjektivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang strategi penurunan human error pada salah satu kegiatan perawatan Kereta Api dengan melakukan penilaian human error menggunakan integrasi metode HEART-AHP. Hasil analisis menunjukkan 3 tugas dengan nilai tertinggi dan dibuat rekomendasi penurunan human error lebih lanjut. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat menurunkan tingkat human error pada sektor transportasi dan sebagai rekomendasi perbaikan untuk menekan angka kecelakaan kerja di Indonesia sehingga dapat mewujudkan zero accident dalam penerapan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja.

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Currently the demand for public transportation continues to increase. The most widely used mode of public transportation in Indonesia is the train. The massive use of trains in Indonesia has led to various problems. One of the crucial issues is the high potential for work accidents. Work accidents in Indonesia have been increasing from 2016-2022, and the transportation sector being the third largest contributor. Work accidents in the transportation sector in Indonesia are predominantly caused by human error. Out of 17 work accidents at PT KCI, 10 were caused by human error. There are methods available to assess human error, but no research has been found using an integrated Human Reliability Assessment method in Indonesia. The integrated HRA method is used to obtain results with higher consistency, sensitivity and minimal subjectivity. This research aims to design strategies to reduce human error in one of the train maintenance activities by assessing human error using integration of HEART-AHP method. The analysis results showed 3 tasks with the highest scores and provided recommendations for further reducing human error. This research is expected can reduce human error level in the transportation sector and serve as recommendation for improvements to reduce the number of work accidents in Indonesia, thus achieving zero accidents in the implementation of Occupational Safety and Health."