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"The dramatic change in some important aspects of this country after the collapse of New Order Regime, primarily in the political aspect, provided larger opportunity to Indonesian Chinese in constructing their real identity, included to the Indonesian Chinese Muslim. In one hand, Indonesian Chinese Muslim tended to re-strengthen their cultural identity shown by articulating some features of their ethnic identity, and they show more the involvement in developing discourse of national building and the life of majority group by using their Islamic identity in the other hand. At this point, they then could not be categorized as ?peranakan? and ?totok?, the binary category which is often used to refer to the asimilated and unasimilated Chinese into the cultural system practized by the native majority. After the state launched the new regulation of citizenship No. 12/2006, they were then positioned by the state as the ?real? citizen who had the same civil rights before the law as well as the other groups. The implication of this legacy in the social and cultural context is that they then developed the inclusive identity, such as absorbing the categories and features of identity of other group, involved in the activities of majority group, and occupied the same kind of majority group profession, until they felt that those had become part of their own identity. By sharing their identity with non-Muslim Chinese and majority group, they could take a strategic role as cultural mediators, political brokers and bridge builders."

"nanya dong dokIn the first part of this article, the author presents theories about the concept of nation which has been developed since the early 20th century. By presenting these theories the author aims to reveal the ambiguities of the concept of nation that has been developed by various scholars. The explanation focuses only on certain group in the society, whereas the subject contains psychological and emotional values which are difficult to be examined objectively. Another problem is the construction of the concept of nation based on more than one discourse. The author describes further the explanation of the concept of nation from the anthropological viewpoints. Malinowski relates the concept of nation to the existence of ethnic groups. Leach and Barth revise Malinowski's concept in their discussion about ethnic boundaries. Within the political and historical discourses, the concept of nation relates to the objective and subjective relations with the state as developed by Mill and Renan. In the post Second World War, the concept of nation is associated with the emergence of nation-states, the presence of social awareness of colonialism and set upon many ethnic groups as stated by Anderson. At the end, the author depicts the problem faced by the Indonesian in their efforts to maintain the existence of their nation-state and provides alternatives to solve the problem."