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"The objective of this research was to know the difference of Compomer (Dyract, Dentsplay) penetration in dentin of primary and permanent teeth after applied by Non-Rinse Conditioner (NRC). The samples were observed by Scanning Electron Inicroscopy = SEM (1200 X mag) and the length of Compomer penetration in dentin tubules after applied by non-rinse conditioner were measured. T test showed that Compomer penetration in primary teeth was shorter compared to permanent teeth (t=3.474, p=0.001)."

"The objective of this research was to know the difference between the penetration of glass ionomer cement (Chemflex, Dentsply) in dentin of primary teeth with and without conditioner (10% polyacrylate acid). The primary molar tooth which were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 1000X magnitude was measured for the length of glass ionomer cement penetration in dentin of primary tooth with and without conditioner. The t test showed that there was no significant difference between the length of glass ionomer cement penetration in dentin of primary teeth with and without conditioner (t=1,78; p>0,05)."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Trauma gigi adalah masalah kesehatan yang perlu ditanggulangi.Data epidemiologi trauma gigi di Indonesia belum ditemukan. Tujuan: Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi trauma gigi permanen anterior padaanak sekolah dasar. Metode: Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan desaincross sectional yang dilakukan pada 500 anak usia 8-12 tahun. Hasil: Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa trauma gigi terjadi dua kali lebih sering pada anak laki-laki usia9 tahun yang melibatkan gigi permanen insisif sentral maksila kanan dan biasanyaterjadi di lingkungan rumah akibat aktivitas fisik.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Dental trauma is health problems that have to be solved. Epidemiologydata of dental trauma in Indonesia has not been determined. Aim: The aim of thisreseach was to determine the distribution frequency of traumatic permanent anteriorteeth on elementary school student. Method: The method of this research wasdescriptive with cross sectional design, which has been done on 500 children aged 8-12 years old. Result: Result showed that dental trauma in children is two times morecommon in boys aged 9 years, involving the permanent maxillary right central incisorand usually caused of physical activity around the house."

"Many factors have been found to be related to the timing of the eruption of permanent teeth in a population, e.g. racial composition, sex, climate and socio economic condition. The aim of the study is to compare the ages of eruption of permanent teeth in children with and without undernutrition problems. A number of 1216 school children aged 5-14 years selected from 5 underdeveloped villages in Kabupaten Serang and Pandeglang were taken as subjects. A tooth was considered to have erupted if any part of the crown had penetrated the gingiva. Undernutrition was assessed as such if the score of height-for-aged was less than 70% of median WHO-NCHS standard. The study found that 34,4% of the subjects had under nutrition problems and the average time of eruption of all upper and lower teeth of the boys and girls without undernutrition (normal) were significantly faster compare to that of boys and girls having undernutrition (p<0.001). Teeth eruption in boys with undernutrition problem were slower than that of the girls. Conclusion: Further study is recommended since undernutrition problems were important factors which may influence the time of tooth eruption in Indonesian children."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi jumlah dan bentuk akar serta konfigurasi saluran akar pada gigi molar satu atas dan bawah di Jawa Barat, Indonesia. 100 molar satu atas dan 100 molar satu bawah bawah dikumpulkan dari praktek dokter gigi. Dilakukan perhitungan jumlah akar dan derajat kelengkungangnya. Setelah preparasi akses kamar pulpa dengan bur highspeed, dilakukan pembersihan debris dengan K-file no 15, dan gigi direndam di dalam larutan sodium hipoklorit selama 48 jam. Spesimen dibilas air dan dikeringkan, setelah itu diinjeksikan barium sulfat ke dalam saluran akar dengan menggunakan jarum irigasi sampai bahan kontras tersebut keluar melalui foramen apical. Kemudian dilakukan evaluasi konfigurasi saluran akar dari aspek buko-lingual dan mesiodistal dengan radiograf digital, dan dibandingkan dengan klasifikasi Weine. Hasil menunjukkan 100% molar satu atas dengan 3 akar, 96% molar satu bawah dengan 2 akar, dan 4% molar satu bawah dengan satu akar tambahan. Pada evaluasi kelengkungan akar ditemukan 47 akar palatal pada molar satu atas melengkung ke distal, 57 akar mesiobukal melengkung ke distal, dan 48 akar distobukal lurus. Sedangkan pada molar satu bawah 76 akar mesial melengkung ke distal, dan 65 akar distal melengkung ke mesial, dan 3 akar tambahan melengkung ke bukal. Evaluasi radiograf konfigurasi saluran akar, dari 95 molar satu bawah, ditemukan keempat tipe konfigurasi Weine. akan tetapi tidak terlalu banyak variasi konfigurasi dari 95 molar satu atas. Kesimpulan: Walaupun kecil terdapatnya insiden akar tambahan dan variasi kelengkungan, serta tipe konfigurasi saluran akar, akan tetapi hal ini penting untuk dipertimbangkan dalam perawatan endodontic.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate variations of the root canal anatomy of maxillary and mandibular first molar in West Java, Indonesia. One hundred extracted maxillary first molar and one hundred extracted mandibular first molar were collected from several general dental practices. After Standardized endodontic access cavities were prepared using a high-speed handpiece with a diamond bur and water coolant, and gross pulpal debris was removed using K-file size 15. Each tooth was placed in a solution of 5% sodium hypochlorite for 48 hours. The specimen were washed in water and dried, after that Barium Sulphate was introduced into the root canal using 27 gauge and 3 ml irrigating needles syringe under hand pressure, until a jet of contrast medium was seen to emerge from the apical foramina. Each tooth was then radiographed in bucco-lingual and mesiodistal planes using digital Radiographic technique. Weine classification is take as reference during the evaluation.

The result revealed 100% of maxillary first molar with three roots, whereas in mandibular first molar 96% with two roots and 4% with two roots and one additional root in distolingual side. In the evaluation of root curvature, 47% of palatal roots in maxillary first molar are going to buccal side, whereas in mandibular first molar 76% of mesial roots are going to distal side. In evaluation of root canal configuration, its found the four type of root canal configuration according to Weine classification among the lower first molar, but not among the upper first molar.

Conclusion : even in the low incidence of root and root canal variation, the possibility of it has to be considered in clinical and radiographic examinations and also in endodontic treatment."

"Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh makanan keras terhadap pola, derajat atrisi gigi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kabupaten Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) selama tiga bulan. Target populasi 400 orang dewasa usia 16-55 tahun yang dikelompokan menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu 16-25 tahun,.26-35 tahun, 36-45 tahun, dan 46-55 tahun. Besar sampel tiap kelompok usia adalah 25 orang/lokasi. Pemeriksaan klinis dilakukan oleh peneliti utama dibantu seorang pengatur rawat gigi dan 2 orang pembantu umum. Penilaian klinis keadaan gigi geligi dicatat pada blanko isian yang dimodifikasi dari blanko isian WHO 1987. Kriteria keausan gigi molar dari Martin dimodifikasi oleh peneliti, sedang untuk gigi-gigi lain dibuat oleh peneliti dan Joelimar dipergunakan pada penelitian ini. Analisis data menggunakan analisis tabulasi silang dan analisa varians dengan tingkat signifikansinya 0,05. Hasilnya, ada perbedaan pola dan derajat atrisi gigi pada kelompok desa dan kota, kelompok umur, kelompok yang mengkonsumsi makan keras dan makanan lunak, mengunyah sirih dan tidak mengunyah sirih. Pada kelompok sampel yang mengunyah, kiri, kanan, dan dua sisi, juga kelompok sampel laki-laki dan wanita, pola dan derajat atrisinya tidak berbeda. Hasil analisis antara derajat atrisi gigi menurut tempat tinggal dan umur, kebiasaan makan dan umur, kebiasaan menyirih dan umur, kebiasaan makan dan kebiasaan menyirih memperlihatkan adanya interaksi. Hasil lain menunjukan tidak ada interaksi antara derajat atrisi menurut umur dan jenis kelamin, umur dan kebiasaan mengunyah, derajat atrisi sisi kanan menurut umur dan kebiasaan mengunyah, derajat atrisi sisi kiri menurut umur dan kebiasaan mengunyah. Kesimpulan, atrisi gigi pada masyarakat yang mempunyai kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan keras, lebih parah dibandingkan masyarakat yang mengkonsumsi makanan lunak. Atrisi gigi pada masyarakat desa lebih parah dibandingkan masyarakat kota, derajat atrisi akan bertambah parah pada masyarakat yang mempunyai kebiasaan mengunyah sirih. Kebiasaan mengkonsumsi makanan keras pada atu sisi tidak terbukti menyebabkan keparahan atrisi terjadi pada sisi tersebut. Pola dan derajat atrisi gigi akan bertambah parah dengan bertambahnya usia. Sedangkan pola dan derajat atrisi gigi pada laki-laki dan wanita tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan."

"Bahan cetak yang dipakai dalam bidang kedokteran gigi berfungsi sebagai reproduksi negatif gigi dan jaringan rongga mulut, hasil cetakan dicor dengan gips sehingga diperoleh model keja yang merupakan replika gigi dan jaringan rongga mulut. Bahan cetak yang banyak digunakan adalah alginat, yang merupakan barang import. Di beberapa daerah sulik didapat sehingga diupayakan modifikasi bahan cetak alginat dengan pati ubi kayu (Manihot Utilisima). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh proporsi perubahan pati ubi kayu (Manihot Utiiisima) pada bahan cetak alginat kemasan terhadap hasil reproduksi detail cetakan gips tipe M. Sebanyak 120 spesimen dibagi dalam 6 kelompok. Kelompok Al, sampai dengan AS perbandingan bahan cetak alginat dan pati ubi kayu berurutan dari 55% : 45%; 52,5% : 47,5%; 50% : 50%; 47,5% : 52,5%; 45% : 55% dan kelompok AO sebagai kontrol tanpa ditambah pati ubi kayu, kemudian dicetak dengan slat uji reproduksi detail (ISO 1563 78), hasilnya dicor gips tipe III setelah mengeras, reproduksi detail dianalisa dengan mikroskop stereo. Hasil yang didapat dilakukan uji t untuk mengetahui perbedaan bahan cetak alginat kemasan dengan bahan cetak alginat yang ditambah pati ubi kayu pada kedalaman garis 0,05 mm dan 0,075 mm. Hasil yang didapat bahan cetak alginat kemasan tidak berbeda dengan bahan cetak alginat yang ditambah pati ubi kayu pada kedalaman garis 0,05 mm dan 0,075 mm. Dari panelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan cetak alginat yang ditambah pati ubi kayu sampai perbandingan 47,5% : 52,5% dapat digunakan sebagai bahan cetak.

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The Influence of Additional Manihot Utilisima for Alginate Impression Material to Accuracy Reproduction Details Results Impression materials which are used work in dentistry as a negative reproduction of teeth and oral tissues. The negative reproduction being filled in with gypsum in order to produce a replica of teeth and oral tissues. The most common being used impression material is alginate, which is a much improved product commodity now. The material is still rare to be found in several places, therefore we can try to modify the alginate with manihot utilisima. The aim of this research is to find the effect of manihot utilisima addition to the imported alginate and its ability to reproduce detailed reproduction using type III gypsum. The 120 specimen is divided into 5 groups of study. The percentage comparison 'of alginate to manihot utilisima in Al group to AS group are 55% : 45%; 52.5% : 47.5%; 50% : 50%: 47.5% 52.5%; 45% : 55%. A4 as a control group without the addition of manihot utilisima. The materials then being impressed with detail reproduction tool (ISO 1563 ! 78), the detail result is then analyzed under a stereo microscope. The t-test was used to statistically test the differences of alginate impression and alginate substitution to manihot utilisima, in 0.05 mm and 0.075 mm depth. There were no significant differences between the alginate impression and modified alginate with manihot utilisima in 0.05 mm and 0.075 mm depth. Therefore this research concludes that the alginate impression with manihot utilisima with a ratio up to 47,5% 52.5% can be used as an impression material."

"The variation of teeth number can occur at initiation phase of tooth development, the etiology is unclear but it be supposed by the excessive lamina dental activity. The supernumerary teeth can be single or multiple, at one side or two side, with conical, tubercle or normal form, undergo eruption or impacted, and with parallel or contrary direction of teeth development. The supernumerary teeth in incisive region is mesiodens. In this case report, the supernumerary teeth occured at mixed tooth period which it result in the tooth arrangement is bad. The mesiodens was extracted as the position of upper jaw central incisive teeth were corrected. The second supernumerary tooth with contrary direction was removed by surgery."

"Phosphoric acid etching has been widely used to achieve a strong andlong lasting mechanical bonding between composite resin restorationand tooth structure. The bond strength between the composite resinrestoration and the enamel of permanent teeth can be measured by theshear bond strength of the composite resin restoration. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate the bond strength between the enamel ofpermanent teeth and the composite resin restoration by measuring theshear bond strength after different durations of etching. In total 27premolar teeth were divided into 3 groups where the enamel of thebuccal surface was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 5″, 15″, and25″ before placing the composite resin restoration. After keeping theteeth inside an incubator for 24 hours, the shear bond strength wasmeasured using a universal testing machine Shimazu AG-5000 at acrosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. ANOVA was used for statisticalanalysis of the results, with p<0.05 assumed to imply significance.The mean shear bond strength after etching for 5″, 15″, and 25″ was16.1 MPa, 17.3 MPa and 19.0 MPa, respectively. The results of ANOVA showed significant difference between the 3 groups. However, subsequent Tukey test showed significant difference between 5″ and 25″ of etching (p<0.05), but no significant difference between between the 5″ and 15″ groups nor between the 15″ and 25″ groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Shear bond strength of the composite resin on the permanent teeth enamel increased with increasing etching time. Significant difference was showed between 5″ and 25″ of etching time."

"The purpose of this study was to determine whether different durations of conditioner application influenced glass ionomer cement penetration in dentin primary teeth. The conditioner being used was 10% poliacrylic acid. Samples in this study were 40 non-carious primary mandibular incisors. Samples were divided into 4 groups (10 samples each) : group A without conditioner, group B with seconds of conditioner application, group C with 20 seconds of conditioner application, and group D with 30 seconds of conditioner application. penetration of glass ionomer cement was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with 2000X magnification. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD test showed significant difference between groups. Longer conditioner application resulted in longer glass ionomer penetration in dentin of primary teeth."