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"The association of parental discipline and monitoring with the early conduct problems of 123 boys and girls was assessed in a highly disadvantaged, African American sample. Prospective analyses indicated that, after earlier conduct problems were controlled for, coercive parent discipline and poor parental monitoring at age 4½ were independent, reliable predictors of age 6 conduct problems for both boys and girls. The association of parental monitoring with later child conduct problems was mediated, in part, by parents' choice of higher risk schools for their children's kindergarten education. The association of family income with child conduct problems was mediated by parental discipline and monitoring. These models are consistent with previous research on older, European American, more advantaged, male samples, which supports the generality of the association of family processes with child conduct problems across child gender, age, and ethnicity."

"Although it is generally accepted that social risk factors predict delays in early cognitive and language development, there is less agreement about how to represent such associations statistically. Using data collected prospectively on 87 African American children during their first 4 years, this study examined 3 analytic methods for describing a child's level of social risk: (a) individual risk variables, (b) factor scores derived from those risk variables, and (c) a risk index computed by tallying the number of risk conditions present. Comparisons indicated that the individual-risk-variables approach provides better overall prediction of developmental outcomes at a particular age but is less useful in predicting developmental patterns. The risk-factor approach provides good prediction of developmental trajectories when sample sizes are moderate to large. Finally, the risk-index approach is useful for relating social risk to developmental patterns when a large number of risk variables are assessed with a small sample or when other constructs are of primary interest"

"Pemakaian internet berlebih dapat menyebabkan kecanduan internet. Kecanduan internet menyebabkan berbagai dampak negatif, salah satunya perkembangan sosial. Perkembangan sosial anak usia sekolah merupakan masa peralihan yang memiliki rasa ketertarikan untuk mengeksplorasi lingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kecanduan internet dengan perkembangan sosial anak usia sekolah di Kelurahan Makasar. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional dengan jumlah responden 287 yang dipilih melalui teknik cluster stratified random sampling. Pengukuran kecanduan internet menggunakan instrumen Internet Addiction Test dan perkembangan sosial anak diukur menggunakan instrumen Social Skill Inventory. Hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi gamma dan didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat korelasi yang bermakna dengan arah korelasi positif dengan kekuataan korelasi kuat antara kecanduan internet dengan perkembanan sosial anak (p value= 0,0001, r= 0,615). Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat dijadikan sebagai informasi dan invoasi untuk edukasi pemakaian internet yang bijak dan menstimulus perkembangan sosial anak dalam proses pembelajaran di rumah atau sekolah.

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Excessive use of the internet can cause internet addiction. Internet addiction causes various negative effects, one of which is social development. The social development of school-age children is a transitional period that has an interest in exploring the surrounding environment. This study aims to adhere to the relationship of internet addiction to the social development of school-age children in the Makassar Village. The research design used was cross-sectional with the number of respondents 287 selected through the cluster stratified random sampling technique. Measurements of internet addiction using the Internet Addiction Test instrument and the development of child sosia were measured using the Social Skill Inventory instrument. The results of the study were annotated using the gamma correlation test and the results showed that there was a significant correlation with the direction of the positive correlation with the strong correlation between internet addiction and children's social development (p = 0,0001, r = 0.615). The results of the research are expected to be used as information and investment for educating wise internet usage and stimulating children's social development in the learning process at home or school."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas motivasi pada siswa kelas 1 sekolah dasar n=5 pada keterampilan kesadaran fonologi. Kemampuan motivasi dan kesadaran fonologi siswa kelas 1 satu sekolah dasar diukur dan dibandingkan sebelum dan setelah intervensi dengan menggunakan uji statistik wilcoxon non parametric. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa skor kemampuan motivasi dan kesadaran fonologis saat post test lebih besar dibandingkan pre test dengan signifikansi motivasi 0,042 dan kesadaran fonologi 0,04 . Penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya intervensi faktor motivasi bagi pembaca pemula dalam meningkatkan kemampuan keaksaraan.Kata Kunci : motivasi, literasi, kesadaran fonologi, pelatihan

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ABSTRACTThis study examined the effects of phonological awareness on children 39 s motivational levels n 5 , and how motivation may influence the effect of the intervention on phonological awareness. The achievement and motivation levels before and after the intervention of first grade students were compared using statistic Wilcoxon non parametric. Results of this study found that the score of motivation and phonologicall awareness was associated with greater avarege levels of post test than pre test with the significancy of motivation 0,42 and phonological awareness 0,04 . This study showed that intervention on students rsquo motivational level of beginner readers was important to the literacy acquisition.Keywords motivation, literacy, phonological awareness, teaching "

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran fear of intimacy dalam hubungan romantis pada dewasa muda yang mengalami perceraian orangtua. Fenomena yang seringkali terjadi pada dewasa muda yang mengalamiperceraian orangtua ketika menjalani hubungan romantis adalah kesulitan untuk mempertahankan hubungan dan memiliki fear of intimacy. Penelitian inimerupakan penelitian yang menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Partisipan penelitianini adalah dewasa muda yang mengalami perceraian orangtua dan sedang menjalani hubungan romantis. Alat ukur yang digunakan untuk mengukur fear ofintimacy dalam hubungan romantis adalah Fear of Intimacy Scale (FIS) yang terdiri dari 34 item yang sudah diadaptasi. Hasil penelitian dari 104 orangpartisipan menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas memiliki tingkat fear of intimacy yang rendah dalam hubungan romantis.

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to have a description on fear of intimacy towards romantic relationship in young adult who have experienced parental divorce. When facing romantic relationship, young adult who have experienced parental divore are often difficult to survive and also have a fear of intimacy. This research is using quantitative methods. The participants of this research are young adult who have experienced parental divorce and currently is in romantic relationship. Fear of intimacy are measured by Fear of Intimacy Scale (FIS) that consists of 34 adapted items. The result from 104 participants shows that majority of research participants have low level of fear of intimacy."