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"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 189-192Dental trauma in childhood and adorescence is a common accidents, with the most accident-prone time is between 9 and 10 years old. Boys affected are almost twice than girls and the maxillary central incisors are the most affected. This report describes an Ellis class II fracture in maxillary central incisors caused by trauma on a 9 years old boys. The case was treated by pulp capping and restored by composite material."

"Pericoronitis is non specific infection at gingival around the crown of the tooth which imperfect eruption. Clinical appearance of pericooronitis is reddish and refined swelling at the gingival around the tooth that involved with disseminating of painful extend to ear, throat and mouth base. Many effects caused by pericoronitis such as unpleasant feeling caused of pain when chewing and occlusion, come out of purulent exudates from the edge of the gingival, and also can finded cheek swollen and lymphadenitis. The management of pericoronitis consists of infection control phase and tooth extraction based on indication or removing of operculum tissue that covered the tooth. This paper reported a 6 years old boy that coming with complaint of gusi rahang belakang kanan terasa bengkak dan mengganggu. The treatment that be done is excision of the operculum tissue."

"The anterior teeth have the essential esthetics function , so when the trauma occur, the immediately treatment must be done to avoid its dysfunction. Andreas Jo reported in 1984 that 18 percent to 20 percent of traumatic injury in young permanent teeth caused the crown fractures with exposed pulps. This traumatic injury must be managed correctly to keep the pulp normal. Accurate examination and anamnesis must be done before treatment. The prompt treatment to relieve pain, to cover pulps from irritating material and maintain pulp vitality is neededOne alternative treatment for crown fracture with exposed pulp in young permanent is by using pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide. The function of calcium hydroxide is to maintain pulp vitality and stimulate reparative dentin and close the apex. Then, glass ionomer cement is used to support the pulp cap and then resin composite as temporary restoration to recover the function of mastication and esthetics, until the permanent restoration is made. In this case, ,the radiographic showed reparative dentin after four weeks of pulpotomy calcium hydroxide applied. So there was the fact that it took six month to make the apex is close from the beginning of treatment."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Trauma gigi yaitu kerusakan pada jaringan keras gigi atauperiodontal karena sebab mekanis. Prevalensi tertinggi terjadi pada anak usia 8-12tahun. Tingginya prevalensi trauma gigi merupakan hal yang harus dicermati olehibu. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan tentang pengetahuan trauma gigi permanenanterior anak usia 8-12 tahun dengan tingkat pendidikan dan status kerja ibu.Metode : Analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 50ibu dari siswa/i usia 8-12 tahun yang mengalami trauma gigi anterior. Hasil:Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan tentang trauma gigi permanen anterioranak usia 8-12 tahun dengan tingkat pendidikan dan status kerja ibu.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Dental trauma is destruction of dental hard and periodontal tissuecaused by mechanical factor. Highest prevalence of dental trauma happened in 8-12 years old children. This prevalence should be awared by mother. Aim: Toanalyze relationship between knowledge of anterior permanent dental trauma in 8-12 years old children with mother’s educational background and working status.Method: Analytic with cross-sectional design. Subject consisted of 50 mothers of8-12 years old students who have anterior permanent dental trauma. Result: Thereis relationship among knowledge of anterior permanent dental trauma in 8-12years old children with mother’s educational background and working."

"Peningkatan insidensi fraktur maksilofasial berdampak pada peningkatan beban kerja rumah sakit serta diprediksi mempengaruhi sistem kesehatan masa mendatang. Karakteristik fraktur maksilofasial dipengaruhi budaya, sosioekonomi, serta sosiodemografi suatu negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui distribusi dan frekuensi fraktur maksilofasial di RSUPN Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo periode 2009-2013. Analisis dilakukan pada 407 rekam medik dengan 659 kasus fraktur maksilofasial. Distribusi dan frekuensi dilihat berdasarkan usia, jenis kelamin, etiologi fraktur, regio fraktur, derajat keparahan cedera fasial, dan lama rawat inap. Mayoritas pasien berusia 20-26 tahun (29,2%) dan berjenis kelamin laki-laki (82,3%) dengan perbandingan 4,7:1 terhadap perempuan. Etiologi fraktur tersering adalah kecelakaan motor (75,5%). Fraktur maksilofasial ditemukan terbanyak pada regio simfisis dan parasimfisis mandibula (16,4%). Derajat keparahan cedera fasial berkisar antara ringan hingga sedang dengan rata-rata skor 2,50 + 1,2. Rata-rata lama perawatan inap pasien adalah 10,28 + 6,9 hari.

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Increased number of maxillofacial fracture incidency affecting hospital workload and predicted have impact on future health system. Maxillofacial fracture characteristics were depends on culture, socioeconomy, and sociodemography. The aim of this study was determine distribution and frequency of maxillofacial fracture in Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo General Hospital from 2009-2013. 407 medical records with 659 cases was analyzed. Distribution and frequency analyzed concerning age, gender, etiology, fracture region, facial injury severity, and patient length of stay. Most of the patients were 20-26 years old in age (29,2%) and men were more involved than women (82,3%) with ratio 4,7:1. Motorcycle accident were most frequent cause (75,5%). Mandibular symphisis and parasymphisis found as the most fractured anatomical site (16,4%). Facial injury severity of patients found between mild to moderate with FISS score average 2,50 + 1,2. Mean of patient length of stay were 10,28 + 6,9 days."

"ABSTRAKBentuk oval pada sepertiga apikal saluran akar gigi premolar dua dan molar satu rahang atas serta molar satu rahang bawah seringkali tidak dapat terpreparasi dan dapat menyebabkan kegagalan. Tujuan: Mengetahui prevalensi variasi penampang melintang sepertiga apikal saluran akar gigi premolar dua dan molar satu rahang atas serta molar satu rahang bawah. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 80 sampel gigi, di-scan menggunakan micro-CT Bruker SkyScan 1173. Masing-masing sepertiga apikal saluran akar dipotong dengan perangkat lunak DataViewer. Rasio diameter maksimum dan minimum dihitung dengan perangkat lunak Fiji ImageJ dan dikategorikan: bulat, oval, long oval, flat. Hasil: Prevalensi penampang melintang saluran akar premolar dua rahang atas, oval 66,7 , long oval 24,6 , flat 7 , bulat 1,7 . Molar satu rahang atas akar mesiobukal, oval 68,2 , long oval 22,7 , flat 9,1 ; distobukal, oval 94,1 , long oval 5,9 ; palatal oval 100 . Molar satu rahang bawah akar mesiobukal, long oval 47,4 , oval 36,8 , dan flat 15,8 ; mesiolingual oval 100 ; dan distal, oval 68,4 , long oval 21,1 , flat 10,5 . Kesimpulan: Penampang melintang oval pada sepertiga apikal saluran akar gigi premolar dua dan molar satu rahang atas serta molar satu rahang bawah ditemukan paling banyak, kecuali pada akar mesiobukal gigi molar satu rahang bawah ditemukan long oval 47,4 .

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ABSTRACTOval shaped in apical one third maxillary second premolars, maxillary first molars, and mandibular first molars often can rsquo t be cleaned and shaped, and could cause failure in the process. Objective To know the prevalence variation of apical one third cross section in root canals of maxillary second premolars, maxillary first molars, and mandibular first molars. Methods This research used 80 tooth samples, were scanned using micro CT Bruker SkyScan 1173. Each of apical one third root canal were sectioned using DataViewer software. Maximum and minimum diameter ratio was calculated using the Fiji ImageJ software and categorized round, oval, long oval, and flat. Results Prevalence of apical one third root canal cross section shape in maxillary second premolar, oval 66,7 , long oval 24,6 , flat 7 , round 1,7 . Maxillary first molar mesiobuccal root, oval 68,2 , long oval 22,7 , flat 9,1 distobuccal, oval 94,1 , long oval 5,9 and palatal oval 100 . Mandibular first molar mesiobuccal root, long oval 47,4 , oval 36,8 , flat 15,8 mesiolingual oval 100 and distal, oval 68,4 , long oval 21,1 , flat 10,5 . Conclusion Oval shape in cross section of apical one third in root canals of maxillary second premolars, maxillary first molars, and mandibular first molars were most found, except in mesiobuccal root in mandibular first molar was found long oval 47,4 . "

"It has been shown that more than 40 percent of the apical radiolucencies are radicular cyst, numerous endodontist claims that from 85 to 90 percent of apical lesions disappear or become reduced in size following conservative endodontic treatment and do not required surgical intervention. Maxillary anterior teeth are more frequently susceptible to trauma and there are numerous morphologic anomalies associated with maxillary incisors especially lateral incisors its call palato-radiocular groove (PRG), its caused non vital have been implicated in formation of periapical lesions. Periapical lesions can be cured by conventional endodontic treatment used Ca(OH)2 as an intracanal medication. One case with radicular cyst on the maxillary lateral incisors because of trauma 2 years ago will be presented. Fifteenth months during treatment showed that the cyst reduced in size and symptomless."

"Latar Belakang: Hal dasar dalam penentuan rencana perawatan ortodonti ialah melihat posisi dan inklinasi dari gigi insisif rahang atas dan rahang bawah, akan tetapi penempatan posisi dan inklinasi gigi insisif yang sesuai dengan kriteria parameter sefalometri normal tidak menjamin bahwa jaringan lunak di atasnya akan menghasilkan tampilan wajah yang harmonis. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya variasi jaringan lunak antar etnis atau ras.Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan antara inklinasi gigi insisif dan posisi bibir berdasarkan analisis sefalometri pada pasien ras Deutro-Melayu di klinik ortodonti RSKGM FKG. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian analitik restropektif cross sectional pada 64 radiograf sefalometri pasien di klinik ortodonti RSKGM FKG UI. Uji korelasi Spearman dilakukan antara nilai parameter inklinasi gigi insisif (UI-Mx, IMPA, Interincisal Angle) dengan nilai parameter posisi bibir berdasarkan E-line. Hasil: Terdapat korelasi signifikan positif yang lemah antara UI-Mx dan posisi biibr bawah (r=0,294*). Terdapat korelasi signifikan negatif yang lemah antara Interincisal Angle dan posisi bibir bawah (r=-0,323*). Namun tidak terdapat korelasi antara UI-Mx, IMPA dan Interincisal Angle dengan bibir atas, serta IMPA dengan bibir bawah. Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan antara inklinasi gigi insisif (UI-Mx, IMPA, Interincisal Angle) dan posisi bibir berdasarkan E-line.

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Background: The basic thing in an orthodontic treatment plan is to look at the position and inclination of the maxillary and mandibular incisors, but the placement and inclination of the incisors according to the criteria for normal cephalometric parameters does not guarantee that the overlying soft tissues will produce a harmonious facial appearance. This is due to soft tissue variations between ethnicities.

Objective: To determine the relationship between incisor teeth and lip position based on cephalometric analysis in Deutro-Malay patients at the orthodontic clinic of RSKGM FKG.

Method: This study is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional retrospective analytic research method on 64 patients with cephalometric radiographs at the orthodontic clinic of RSKGM FKG UI. Spearman correlation test was performed between the incisor inclination parameter values ​​(UI-Mx, IMPA, Interincisal Angle) and the lip position parameter values ​​based on the E-line.

Results: The correlation test showed that there was weak positive significant between UI-Mx and lower lip position (r=0.294*). There was a weak negative significant correlation between Interincisal Angle and lower lip position (r=-0.323*). However, there was no correlation between UI-Mx, IMPA and Interincisal Angle with the upper lip, and IMPA with the lower lip.

Conclusion: There is no relationship between incisor inclination (UI-Mx, IMPA, Interincisal Angle) and lip position based on E-line.

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"PendahuluanSalah satu tantangan dalam tatalaksana fraktur saat ini adalah rekonstruksi fraktur dengan defek tulang yang luas, di mana dibutuhkannya restorasi alignment dan fiksasi yang stabil untuk keberhasilan rekonstruksi. Pada kasus fraktur dengan defek tulang tidak ada lagi komponen osteoinduksi dan osteokonduktif sehingga diperlukan penggunaan graft tulang ataupun tindakan transport tulang. Walaupun perkembangan teknologi dan kemajuan dalam pembedahan orthopaedi telah berkembang saat ini, hasil akhir dari penyembuhan tulang paska pembedahan pada beberapa kasus fraktur akan mengalami penyembuhan tulang yang kurang baik yang akhirnya akan menyebabkan defek ataupun non-union dari fraktur tersebut.MetodeDesain penelitian adalah studi post test control group design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah dua puluh delapan tikus putih Sprague Dawley yang telah mengalami maturasi skeletal (8-12 minggu), dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, tiap tikus akan dilakukan tindakan fraktur dengan defek tulang pada tulang femur selebar 4mm, kemudian tikus dibagi berdasarkan implantasi yang diberikan, yaitu kelompok kontrol, kelompok implantasi amnion liofilisasi steril, kelompok implantasi xenograft morcalized bovine, dan kelompok implantasi kombinasi amnion dengan xenograft. Hewan coba akan dikorbankan setelah 8 minggu, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan radiologis dan histopatologis dari fraktur. Evaluasi radiologis menggunakan skor menurut Lane dan Sandhu, evaluasi histopatologis menggunakan skor menurut Salkeld.HasilBerdasarkan uji statistik non parametrik Kruskal-Wallis terhadap skor radiologis tulang pada minggu ke-8 paska pembedahan didapat nilai p 0,25. Secara statistik dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna perbandingan skor radiologis antara empat kelompok tersebut. uji statistik non parametrik Kruskal-Wallis pada skor histopatologis menurut Salkeld minggu ke-8 paska pembedahan didapat nilai p 0,001 secara statistik, dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna perbandingan skor histopatologis antara empat kelompok tersebut.KesimpulanSkor radiologis pada implantasi amnion liofilisasi steril dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol pada fraktur dengan defek tulang tidak memberikan perbedaan bermakna, sementara skor histologis memberikan perbedaan percepatan penyembuhan bermakna pada implantasi amnion liofilisasi steril dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol. Skor radiologis dan histologis pada implantasi xenograft morcalized bovine dibanding kelompok kontrol tidak memberikan perbedaan percepatan penyembuhan bermakna. Skor radiologis pada implantasi kombinasi amnion liofilisasi steril dan xenograft morcalized bovine dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol tidak memberikan perbedaan bermakna, sementara skor histologis memberikan perbedaan percepatan penyembuhan bermakna dibanding dengan kelompok kontrol.

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Introduction

One of the current chalenge on fracture treatment is reconstruction of fracture with critical size bone defect, where the restoration of the alignment dan stable fixation for succesfull result is necessary. bone graft or bone transport is usually needed for bone defect reconstruction because there isnt any osteoinductive and osteoconductive component on fracture with bone defect. Although new technologies and advances in orthopaedic surgery have enhanced fracture healing and surgical outcomes, there are fracture that continue to be deficient in bone repair or become non-union.

Methode

The research design is post test control group using twenty eight skeletally matured Sprague Dawley rats, divided into four groups, 4mm sized femoral defects were surgically created in the right femur of 28 rats. 7 rats were ran­domly assigned to each treatment group, in which the femoral defect was filled with sterile lyophilized amnion, morcalized bovine xenograft and combination. In the empty defect group (control group) defects were left empty. Animals were sacrificed at 8 weeks postoperatively. Then the radiologic and histopathologic examination were completed. Radiologic evaluation using Lane and Sandhu score, histologic evaluation using Salkeld score.

Result

Non parametric Kruskal-Wallis statistic analysis for the radiologic score 8 weeks postoperatively reveal p value 0,25 which mean there is no significance difference between four groups. However for the histopathologic score statistic analysis examination reveal the p value 0,001 which mean there are significance differences between four groups. The statistic analysis for histopathologic is then continued with Man Whitney analysis.

Conclusion

Regarding the radiologic score, amniotic membrane has similar radiological score to control, however the histopathologic score is better. Xenograft have similar radiological and histopathological score to the control. Combination of amniotic membrane with xenograft has better histopathological score to control. Although the radiologic score is similar.

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"Fraktur merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering terjadi di daerah perkotaan. Salah satu jenis fraktur adalah fraktur terbuka. Klien fraktur terbuka berisiko mengalami gangguan sirkulasi. Amputasi merupakan cara untuk mencegah semakin parahnya komplikasi tersebut. Pada beberapa kasus, klien dapat dilakukan skin graft untuk mengurangi kecacatan karena amputasi. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis evidence based practice mengenai perawatan luka skin graft. Hasil dari perawatan luka pada pasien tidak efektif karena terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi luka skin graft. Rekomendasi penulisan ini ialah agar perawat perlu melakukan perawatan luka skin graft dengan baik dan benar untuk mengurangi kegagalan skin graft.

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Fracture is one of the health problems that often occur in urban areas. One type of fracture is an open fracture. Clients with open fracture risk of circulatory disorders. Amputation is a way to prevent these complications become more severe. In some cases, the client can do a skin graft to reduce disability due to amputation. This paper was made to analyze evidence based practice on skin graft care. Results of wound care in the patients are not effective because there are several factors that affect skin graft wound. Recommendation for nurses is need to perform a skin graft care properly to reduce skin graft failure."