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"Tujuan: Diketahuinya perbandingan efektiftas aplikasi silver diamine fluoride dengan propolis fluoride dalam menghambat karies gigi sulung. Metode: 224 anak usia 4-5 tahun dengan karies dentin aktif dialokasikan secara random pada satu diantara 3 kelompok perlakuan untuk pengobatan lesi karies dentin gigi sulung: Kelompok 1- Aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride, Kelompok 2- Aplikasi Propolis Fluoride, dan Kelompok 3- Kontrol. Evaluasi pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah 7 hari, 1 bulan dan 3 bulan untuk menilai banyaknya lesi karies yang menjadi terhenti. Hasil: Setelah 3 bulan, 163 (72,8%) anak menyelesaikan penelitian. Persentase karies yang menjadi terhenti adalah 88,68%, 55,78% dan 2,13% untuk Kelompok 1, Kelompok 2 dan Kelompok 3. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride atau Propolis Fluoride efektif menghambat lesi karies gigi sulung. Silver Diamine Fluoride lebih efektif dalam menghambat lesi karies dibanding Propolis Fluoride, tetapi Propolis Fluoride memiliki keunggulan tidak membuat perubahan warna gigi menjadi hitam.

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Objective: To compare the effectiveness of topical application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution and topical application of propolis fluoride in arresting active dentine caries in primary teeth.

Methods: A total of 224 children, aged 3-4 years, were randomly allocated to one of three groups for treatment of carious dentine cavities in their primary teeth: group 1- application of SDF, group 2 ? application of Propolis Fluoride, group 3 ? control. Follow-up examinations were carried out 7 days, 1 month and 3 months to assess whether the treated caries lesions had become arrested.

Results: After 3 months follow up, 163 (72,8%) children remained in the study. The caries arrest rates were 88,68%, 55,78% dan 2,13% for group 1, group 2 and group 3.

Conclusion: Application of SDF solution or Propolis Fluoride solution can arrest active dentine caries. Topical application of SDF is more effective than Propolis Fluoride in inhibiting caries lesions progression, but Propolis Fluoride has the advantage that the arrested caries lesion will not turn black in colour like SDF."

"Karies merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi mulut yang paling tinggi pada anak usia 3-5 tahun di Indonesia. Mengobati karies sejak dini dapat menghilangkan rasa sakit dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup anak. SDF merupakan salah satu perawatan karies pada gigi sulung. 59 anak usia 3-5 tahun di Serpong diaplikasikan SDF pada permukaan gigi sulung yang karies dan di evaluasi setelah 3 bulan. Ibu subjek diberikan kuisioner pengukuran kualitas hidup sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi SDF. Setelah dioleskan SDF, 89,36% karies terhenti. Kualitas hidup 59 subjek meningkat setelah aplikasi SDF (p < 0,05). SDF efektif dalam menghentikan karies gigi sulung dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup anak.

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Caries is the highest oral health problem in children aged 3-5 yeard old in Indonesia. Early caries treatment can heal tootache and increase quality of life. SDF is one of caries treatment for primary teeth. 59 children aged 3-5 years old were applied SDF and evaluated 3 months later. Mothers are given quality of life questionairre before and after SDF application. After SDF application, 89,36% caries are arrested. Quality of life of the subjects are increased after SDF application (p<0,05). SDF is effective in treating primary teeth caries and increase children quality of life."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui efektifitas SDF dalam menghambataktivitas karies gigi sulung serta melihat hubungan keadaan intraoral dengankeefektifitasan SDF dalam menghambat aktivitas karies gigi sulung pada anak. 115anak karies dentin aktif pada anak 2,5-6 tahun diaplikasikan SDF, selanjutnyadievaluasi setelah 3 dan 10 bulan dan keadaan intraoral diperiksa. Evaluasi setelah 10bulan menunjukkan 69,7% permukaan karies aktif menjadi terhenti. Uji statistikmenunjukkan karies aktif yang diaplikasikan SDF memiliki peluang 9.9 kali menjaditerhenti setelah 3 bulan, dan 6.4 kali setelah 10 bulan. Serta terdapat korelasi negatifbermakna secara statistik antara pulpitis dan skor pufa dengan keberhasilanintervensi SDF.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of SDF ininhibiting dental caries activity on primary teeth and find the relationship betweenintraoral situation with effectiveness of SDF in inhibiting childhood caries activity.115 children 2,5-6 years were applicated SDF on teeth that have active dentin caries,and then evaluated after 3 and 10 months. Intraoral state was examined. Evaluationafter 10 months showed 69.7% surface active caries to be arrested. The statistical testshowed that the active caries applied SDF have chance 9.9 times becoming arrestedafter 3 months, and 6.4 times after 10 months. There is a negative correlationstatistical significance of pulpitis and PUFA index with SDF intervention success."

"Karies merupakan penyakit infeksius yang paling sering terjadi pada anak di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan solusi yang dapat mengatasi karies, salah satunya dengan aplikasi Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF). Tujuan: membahas evaluasi aplikasi SDF dalam mengatasi karies anak dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan persentase karies terhenti setelah aplikasi SDF. Metode: Studi kohort untuk evaluasi dan cross sectional dengan subjek penelitian 115 anak usia 3-5 tahun yang memiliki karies dentin aktif. Kuesioner diisi oleh orangtua untuk mengetahui faktor risiko karies. Hasil: Evaluasi pada 3 dan 10 bulan memperlihatkan permukaan karies aktif berpeluang terhenti 9.9 dan 6.8 kali setelah diaplikasi SDF, dibandingkan dengan yang tidak diaplikasi. Kesimpulan: SDF efektif menghentikan karies aktif anak serta meringankan rasa sakit yang diderita anak akibat karies sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan quality of life anak.

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Dental caries is one of the most prevalent infectious disease in children in Indonesia. Therefore, solution to overcome caries is needed.

Objective: evaluate Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) applications to overcome caries in children and factors related to the percentage of arrested caries after SDF application.

Method: Cohort study to evaluation and cross sectional with 115 children aged 3-5 years old who had active dentin caries were the subjects. Caries risk factors questionnaires filled by parents subject.

Results: Active caries which were applied SDF had odd ratios 9.9 and 6.8 times being arrested after 3 and 10 months, respectively, compared with those not applied.

Conclusion: SDF is effective to arrest caries and decrease toothache suffered by children, thus potentially increase the quality of life of children."

"Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek aplikasi SDF pada anak usia 36-71 bulan dalam menghentikan karies aktif dan menurunkan faktor risiko karies. Sampel yang digunakan adalah anak-anak PAUD Rama-rama yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara acak: kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Skor karies dan pH plak anak diperiksa sebelum dan tiga bulan setelah dilakukan aplikasi SDF. Kuesioner ADA Caries Risk Assessment diisi oleh ibu subjek saat baseline. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada jumlah karies aktif dan pH plak anak kelompok perlakuan setelah dilakukan aplikasi SDF. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa SDF berpotensi efektif dalam menghentikan karies aktif gigi sulung dan menurunkan faktor risiko karies.

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The study aimed to assess the effect of SDF application to 36-71 months children in arresting active caries and decreasing caries risk factor. Samples were children at PAUD Rama-rama, randomly divided into two groups: control and intervention group. Caries score and plaque pH were examined before and three months after SDF application. ADA Caries Risk Assessment questionnaire was filled by subject’s mother. There were significant differences at number of active caries and plaque pH in intervention group after SDF application. It was concluded that SDF was potentially effective in arresting active caries on primary teeth and decreasing caries risk factor. rama randomly divided into two groups which are control and intervention group Teeth caries score and plaque pH were examined before and three months after SDF application ADA Caries Risk Assessment questionnaire was answered by subject rsquo s mother Result There were significant differences at number of active caries on decayed teeth p 0 000 mean SD 2 61 2 44 extracted teeth p 0 001 mean SD 1 10 2 80 and plaque pH p 0 008 mean SD 6 53 0 40 in control gorup compared to intervention group after SDF application Conclusion SDF was potentially effective in arresting active caries on primary teeth and decreasing caries risk factor."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Berdasarkan RISKESDAS 2013 sebanyak 28,9 anak kelompok usia 5-9 tahun yang memiliki masalah gigi, hanya 35,1 yang menerima perawatan. Penyakit gigi dan mulut yang paling sering terjadi adalah karies gigi, sehingga butuh bahan yang dapat berfungsi sebagai perawatan karies gigi anak yang mudah diaplikasikan dan terjangkau. Tujuan: Diketahuinya perbandingan aktivitas karies dentin sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi propolis fluoride serta hubungannya dengan indeks plak. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi eksperimental tanpa randomisasi menggunakan data sekunder dengan metode pengambilan sampel convenience sampling. Sebanyak 183 subjek yang memiliki karies dentin dilakukan pengolesan propolis fluoride dan pemeriksaan indeks plak. Evaluasi pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah 1 bulan. Hasil: terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara nilai median karies dentin aktif sebelum 4 permukaan/anak dan setelah 1 bulan 1 permukaan/anak diaplikasikan Propolis Fluoride. Secara statistik terdapat korelasi berpola negatif yang signifikan p=0,015 dan r=-0,177 antara indeks plak dengan persentase karies terhenti. Kesimpulan : Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara aktivitas karies dentin sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi propolis fluoride serta terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan indeks plak.

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ABSTRACTBackground According to Basic Health Research from 28,9 children aged 5 9 who had dental problems, only 35,1 children received treatment. Dental caries is the most prevalent dental problem, therefore treatment of dental caries that are easy to apply and affordable is needed. Objective The purpose of the study was to determine the comparison of dentine caries activity before and after propolis fluoride application and the correlation with plaque index. Method Design of the study was experimental study nonrandom using secondary data with convenience sampling method. A total of 183 subjects whose teeth have active dentine caries were smeared by propolis fluoride and plaque index were examined. Follow up examination were carried out after 1 month. Results There was a significant difference between the median value of active dentine caries before 4 surfaces children and after 1 month 1 surface children applicated by propolis fluoride. Statistically, there was a significant negative correlation p 0,015 and r 0,177 between plaque index with arrested dentine caries percentage. Conclusion There was a significant difference between dentine caries activity before and after propolis fluoride application and there was a significant correlation with plaque index.Keywords dentine caries plaque index propolis fluoride."

"Tujuan. Menganalisis efek aplikasi NSF dan PPF terhadap remineralisasi dentin melalui uji kristalinitas.Metode. Dentin blok dibagi dalam sembilan kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol positif dan negatif dan tujuh kelompok perlakuan. Kontrol negatif merupakan dentin normal dan kontrol positif merupakan dentin yang didemineralisasi. Kelompok perlakuan diaplikasikan NSF dan PPF dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Karakteristik kristal dari seluruh dentin blok diuji oleh X-Ray Diffraction XRD.Hasil. Gambaran XRD memperlihatkan senyawa apatit, senyawa kalsium, dan senyawa logam dalam kelompok perlakuan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol positif.Kesimpulan. NSF dan PPF efektif terhadap remineralisasi dentin.

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To analyze the effects of NSF and PPF application to dentin remineralization by crystallinity test.

Method. Dentin blocks were allocated to nine groups, control groups positive and negative and seven treatment groups. Control negative is sound dentin and control positive is demineralized dentin. The treatment groups were applied of NSF and PPF with different concentration. The crystal characteristics of dentin blocks were investigated by X Ray Diffraction XRD.

Result. XRD revealed precipitates of apatite compounds, calcium compounds, and metal compounds in treatment groups higher than in control positive group.

Conclusion. NSF and PPF were effective for dentin remineralization. "

"Tujuan: Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara indeks plak terhadap efikasi Propolis Fluoride dalam menghambat aktivitas karies. Metode: 246 anak dengan karies aktif pada anak usia 36-71 bulan diaplikasikan Propolis Fluoride. 149 anak merupakan kelompok perlakuan dengan diberi perlakuan sikat gigi serta edukasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut rutin. Sedangkan 97 anak merupakan kelompok kontrol hanya diberi edukasi kesehatan gigi dan mulut pada saat baseline. Evaluasi pemeriksaan dilakukan setelah 3 bulan untuk menilai persentase karies yang menjadi arrested dan hubungannya dengan indeks plak. Hasil: Pada saat evaluasi 3 bulan persentase karies arrested pada kelompok perlakuan 62,44 sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol 46,18. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna rata-rata indeks plak dan jumlah karies aktif antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan bernilai negatif antara indeks plak dan persentase karies arrested. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan bernilai positif antara skor tindakan dan persentase karies arrested. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara indeks plak dan efikais Propolis Fluoride dalam menghambat aktivitas karies.

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Objective To determine the relationship between plaque index and efficacy of propolis fluoride in inhibiting caries activity. Method 246 children aged 36 71 month were applied Propolis Fluoride on every tooth surface that has active caries. 149 children are intervention group, they have been treated toothbrushing program and give them routine Dental Health Education. 97 children are control group only have been given Dental Health Education on the baseline. The evaluation and examination were conducted after 3 months to measure the percentage of arrested caries and the correlation with plaque index. Result At the 3 months evaluation, the percentage of arrested caries for both group of intervention and control were 62,44 and 46,18 respectively. There was a significant difference in mean plaque index and the number of active caries between two groups. There was a significant correlation between the plaque index and the percentage of arrested caries. There was a significant correlation between the behavior score and the percentage of arrested caries. Both correlation has negative and positive value respectively. Conclusion There is a significant correlation between plaque index and efficacy of Propolis fluoride in inhibiting caries activity."

"Latar Belakang: Asupan makanan merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab karies gigi dengan prevalensi yang sangat tinggi di Indonesia terutama pada anak usia sekolah. Tingkat konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Indonesia masih cukup rendah, padahal jenis makanan ini dikenal dapat merangsang aliran dan meningkatkan kemampuan makan anak. self-cleansing saliva yang penting dalam pencegahan karies. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan kejadian karies pada gigi geraham pertama permanen pada anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makanan dan pemeriksaan klinis anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. 109 anak di Jakarta Pusat diperiksa karies dengan klasifikasi ICDAS. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan nilai median frekuensi konsumsi sayur per hari pada anak adalah 1,6 (0-8,14) dan 1,4 (0-5). Sebanyak 98,2% anak mengalami karies gigi dan 63,3% anak mengalami karies terbatas pada email. Hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies ditemukan sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Tingkat frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Jakarta Pusat masih rendah, dan prevalensi karies cukup tinggi. Hubungan yang lemah dan tidak signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies menunjukkan bahwa ada faktor lain penyebab karies yang harus dikendalikan.

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Background: Food intake is one of the factors causing dental caries with a very high prevalence in Indonesia, especially in school-age children. The level of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Indonesia is still quite low, even though this type of food is known to stimulate flow and improve children's eating abilities. self-cleansing saliva which is important in caries prevention. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit with the incidence of caries in the permanent first molars in children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using a food frequency questionnaire and clinical examination of children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. 109 children in Central Jakarta were examined for caries with the ICDAS classification. Results: This study found the median frequency of vegetable consumption per day in children was 1.6 (0-8.14) and 1.4 (0-5). A total of 98.2% of children had dental caries and 63.3% of children had caries limited to enamel. The relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries was found to be very weak and insignificant. Conclusion: The frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Central Jakarta is still low, and the prevalence of caries is quite high. The weak and insignificant relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries indicates that there are other factors that cause caries that must be controlled."

"Penyakit gigi berlubang (caries) merupakan penyakit gigi yang masih banyak ditemukan di masyarakat. Terjadinya penyakit ini disebabkan banyak faktor dimana waktu sikat gigi yang tidak sesuai merupakan faktar resiko untuk terjadinya karies gigi.WHO menetapkan indeks DMF-T sebagai indeks yang mengukur tingkat keparahan karies dimana kriteria pengukuran dilakukan pada kelompok anak berumur 12 tahun. Adapun target berdasarkan (Dit.Kes.Gi.'2000) bahwa indeks DMF-T sampai tahun 2010 secara Nasional kurang dari 2 dan WHO kurang dari 1Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode desain potong lintang (crass sectional) di mana tujuannya untuk mengetahui hubungan waktu sikat gigi dengan tingkat keparahan karies. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh murid sekolah dasar kelas 4 dan 5 di kecamatan Tanah Abang Jakarta Pusat dan sampel yang diambil sebanyak 259 orang dengan menggunakan sampling secara sistematik random.Berdasarkan hasil statistik diperoleh tidak ada hubungan bermakna ( nilai p > 0,05) dan OR sebesar 270 ( 95% CI = 0,9 - 4,3 ). Dianggap perlu untuk melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode kohort.Daftar bacaan : 55 (1978 - 2002)"